Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johns Hopkins University, 1933. / Vita. "Sonderabdruck aus dem Archiv für protistenkunde, bd. 84, 1934." "Literature cited": p. 30-32.

arbuscular mycorrhizal infection of seedlings and adults plants Plantago lanceolata was examined at twenty locations with differing moisture and nutrient availability. At each location two control and two fertilized plots were established. Mycorhizal infection of seedlings was higher on control plots but the symbiosis of adult plants degreased with increasing C/N ratio. Mycorrhizal infection was further distinquished into for morfotypes (Acaulospora, Scutellospora, Glomus, fine endophyte.

Introducción: La función de la cadena respiratoria es importante para la homeostasis. Objetivos: Comprobar el efecto energético y hepatoprotector que puede producir el extracto acuoso de Baccharis lanceolata H.B.K. en la cadena respiratoria. Diseño: Experimental. Lugar: Facultades de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Medicina - Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Ratas albinas, hojas de la planta. Intervenciones: En relación al efecto energético se ha evaluado la actividad respiratoria en mitocondria de hígado de rata a través del control respiratorio, actividad de la enzima ATPasa mediante hidrólisis del ATP y actividad Citocromo oxidasa; hepatoprotección en ratas administrándoles el extracto vía oral 14 mg/Kg. Las mitocondrias de hígado fueron obtenidas por centrifugación diferencial a 4oC. Resultados: Actividad respiratoria de los controles con los tratados fueron para el 1º mes 13.31 y 19.08, 2º mes 14.55 y 21.18 y 3º mes 15.15 y 23.63 micromoles de O2/mg de proteína (p < 0.001). Actividad Citocromo oxidasa Control 0.333, tratados en el 1º mes 0.403, 2º mes 0.547 y 3º mes 0.613 micromoles/g de proteína (p< 0.001). Actividad ATPasa: Control 57.10, tratadas 1º mes 64.98, 2º mes 67.95 y 3º mes 69.50 micromoles de P/mg de proteína (p < 0.001). GPT: Control 28.33 U/l, 1º mes 25.06 U/l, 2º mes 12.0 U/l y 3º mes 30.5 U/l (p < 0.001). GOT: Control 35.83 U/l, 1º mes 25.61 U/l, 2º mes 12.50 U/l y 3º mes 37.16 U/l (p < 0.001). Principales medidas de resultados: Valores medios, Porcentajes de variación. Conclusiones: Se ha demostrado que el extracto acuoso aumenta la actividad del control respiratorio, enzima ATPasa, enzima Citocromo c oxidasa; siendo la hepatoprotección dependiente del tiempo. Palabras clave: Mitocondrias, ATPasa, Citocromo c oxidasa, Control respiratorio Transaminasas. / *** Introduction: The function of the respiratory chain is important for homeostasis. Objectives: To test the energy and hepatoprotective effect which can produce the aqueous extract of Baccharis lanceolata HBK in the respiratory chain. Design: Experimental. Location: Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Medicine - National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Biological material: albino rats, plant leaves. Interventions: In relation to the energy effect was evaluated respiratory activity in rat liver mitochondria via the respiratory control enzyme activity by hydrolysis of ATP ATPase and cytochrome oxidase activity ; hepatoprotection extract in rats orally administering 14 mg / Kg Liver mitochondria were obtained by differential centrifugation at 4oC . Results: Respiratory Activity of controls were treated for 1 month 13.31 and 19.08, 14.55 and 2nd month 3rd month 21.18 and 15.15 and 23.63 micromoles of O2/mg protein (p < 0.001). Cytochrome Oxidase Activity Control 0.333 , treated 0.403 1 month , 2 months and 3 months 0.547 0.613 micromoles / g of protein ( p < 0.001 ) . ATPase activity: Control 57.10, 64.98 treated 1 month, 2 months and 3 month 67.95 69.50 micromoles of P / mg of protein ( p < 0.001 ) . GPT: Control 28.33 U / l, 1 month 25.06 U / l, 2 months 12.0 U / l 3rd month 30.5 U / l ( p < 0.001 ) . GOT: Control 35.83 U / l, 1 month 25.61 U / l, 2 months 12.50 U / l 3rd month 37.16 U / l (p < 0.001). Main outcome measures: Mean values , percentages of variation. Conclusions: It has been shown that the aqueous extract increases the activity of respiratory control ATPase enzyme, cytochrome c oxidase enzyme, with the dependent time hepatoprotection . Keywords: Mitochondria , ATPase , Cytochrome c oxidase , Respiratory control Transaminases .

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Anna Crhová Supervisor: RNDr. Lucie Stuchlíková Raisová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Biotransformation of monepantel in plants (Campanula rotundifolia, Plantago lanceolata) Anthelmintics are veterinary drugs used to eliminate disease caused by parasitic worms. Monepantel (MOP) is a representative of amino-acetonitrile derivatives. This relatively new group of drugs is effective on helminthic strains, which are resistant to classic therapy (benzimidazoles, makrocyklic lactones, imidazothiazoles). Due to high consuption of these drugs, it is important to find out their fate in the exposed organisms. Anthelmintics are in contact with the environment and they can affect terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Their various forms can be accumulate in plants. These plants can be eaten by the animal, which may lead to development of resistance in helminths. In addition, the physiology of plants and animals may be disrupt and, consequently, biodiversity loss may occur. The aim of this study was to determine the biotransformation processes occurring in ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and harebell (Campanula rotundifolia) after low concentrations of MOP. Suspensions of both plants cells...

Carissa lanceolata (conkerberry) is a perennial woody shrub used in traditional medicine by indigenous communities in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland for various medical conditions such as toothache, respiratory infections and the cleaning of sores, which all strongly indicate an antibacterial activity. A literature review revealed that the wood of this plant possesses significant antibacterial activity, which was found to be related to the presence of eudesmane type sesquiterpenes. C. edulis and C. carandus are frequently used in other traditional systems of medicine in different parts of the world, and thus have also been investigated for bioactive compounds and pharmacological properties. Some of these were found to be in line with the main findings of this work. Carissa lanceolata root was shown to exhibit significant antibacterial activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive organisms. A micro-broth dilution assay was performed on 96-well plates using resazurin as an indicator for microbial growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Bioassays carried out in this work showed that crude extracts of root bark and wood, particularly their polar constituents were more active against the four strains of bacteria tested. / Chemical investigation of the root bark revealed that it contains a volatile oil, which was isolated by steam distillation as well as solid phase micro extraction. It was found to consist of a single compound, which was identified as 2'-hydroxy acetophenone. The identity of this compound was confirmed by GC/MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the eudesmane-type sesquiterpene, carissone, was isolated from the root bark DCM and root wood hexane extracts. Its chemical identity was confirmed by IR, 1 [superscript] H and 13 [superscript] C NMR spectroscopy. The lignan, carinol, on the other hand, was isolated from the moderately polar fractions of the root wood MeOH extract. The obtained IR and 1 [superscript] H NMR data as well as Rf values all correspond to the literature. Two other yet unidentified compounds were isolated, but further studies into their chemistry and antibacterial activity were not possible in this current study. The antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds was considerable, with 2'-hydroxy acetophenone exhibiting the strongest effect, followed by carinol and then carissone.

Studies were conducted in a mountain habitat to determine the effects of altered light and temperature upon the natural growth and/or carbohydrate cycles of Claytonia lanceolata during the period of winter snow cover. Treatments included natural control, light exclusion, and temperature alteration by insulation and by heating for a brief period. Monthly measurements were made of soil temperature (upper 12 cm), shoot development, soluble sugar, and soluble starch. The quantity and quality of light penetrating the snow cover was also determined. About 0.0052% of the available visible light (400-750 nm) penetrated 70 cm of snow and 0.02% penetrated 50 cm of snow. The under snow spectral curve remained constant with a peak at 575 nm, while absolute energy increased 35 times from January to April. Soil temperatures were unchanged by treatments averaging 0.0 to 0.3 C at the surface and slightly warmer at each successive depth. Shoot development and carbohydrate cycles were the same for all treatments. Carbohydrate depletion was generally correlated with increased shoot development. The cycles are traced and discussed. The starch/sugar ratio remained almost constant at one.

with non-native invasive species is considered a major threat to many rare native species. As such, invasives removals are a common management strategy. Rare native species that interact uniquely with other organisms in their community (e.g., hemiparasitic plants) may be adversely affected by removing invasives. A management plan for a regionally rare hemiparasitic plant in Massachusetts, Pedicularis lanceolata Michx., identified invasives as a threat, but more quantitative evidence is needed to determine how P. lanceolata‟s persistence is influenced by its co-occurrence with native or invasive hosts. This research asks how P. lanceolata is affected by growth with native versus invasive hosts. Chapter I describes the species associated with P. lanceolata throughout its range, comparing areas where it is considered common and rare. Relative abundances of natives, non-native invasives, non-native non-invasives, and species with both native and non-native genotypes growing with P. lanceolata did not differ significantly at sites where the species is considered common in the Midwest compared to sites where the species is considered rare in the east. Chapter II outlines greenhouse and field removal experiments in which the types of host plants growing with P. lanceolata were manipulated. In the greenhouse, P. lanceolata growth, survival, and flowering were lower when it was growing with invasive compared to native graminoids. However, differences in P. lanceolata growth and survival when natives versus non-native were removed in the field varied from year to year due to succession of native shrubs at the site during the study. Chapter III asks how the population growth of P. lanceolata differs in uninvaded and invaded patches using an Integral Projection Model to perform population projections, sensitivity and elasticity analyses, and a life table response experiment. The population growth rate of P. lanceolata in uninvaded patches was lower than in invaded patches due to the succession of native shrubs in uninvaded patches. Chapter IV describes a metapopulation model for the invaded population of P. lanceolata in Massachusetts. The quasi-extinction probability was significantly affected by probabilities of dispersal, positive correlations in vital rates between sites, and catastrophes. These data will be used to update the management plan for P. lanceolata.

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This thesis deals with grasslands, distribution, husbandry, nutrition and treatment. Furthermore, the botanical composition of grasslands and the most important species of weeds, application of N fixation of legumes and plants. In another part of the description and application of dicotyledonous herbs and their economic importance. Furthermore, determination and maintenance of the water system at the sites, and nutrition and fertilization dicotyledonous herbs and vegetation preservation and storage of forage. A key goal of this work is the plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), its ecology and involvement in different vegetation types. A separate chapter is devoted to the description of the biology, pollination, phenology and agro ? technical cultivation of plantain. The last chapter describes the use of the drug substance and plantain in pharmacy. In the second part of the work to illustrate knowledge of the occurrence of Plantago lanceolata supplemented by results of our own observations (tables and graphs) showing the involvement of P. lanceolata in different types of grassland and two-year follow-up period.

Lophira lanceolata (Ll) et Carapa procera (Cp) sont des plantes oléagineuses, peu étudiées. Au Bénin, elles sont pourtant utilisées à des fins alimentaires, cosmétiques et thérapeutiques. Cette étude vise la caractérisation de leurs graines, coques et bois. Les huiles végétales de Ll ont été obtenues par différentes méthodes dont une aqueuse traditionnelle tandis que celle de Cp l’a été par utilisation d’hexane. De façon générale, les huiles de Ll montrent un profil nutritionnel riche en acides gras polyinsaturés (>50% m/m: masse pour masse). Outre ses propriétés chimiques meilleures, celle obtenue par le procédé traditionnel est plus riche en acides gras essentiels, en composés phytostéroliques comme le lupéol et en tocols. La torréfaction et l’utilisation d’enzymes ont également permis d’évaluer l’impact de ces méthodes sur la composition chimique des graines de Ll. Quant aux graines de Carapa p., elles présentent un profil plutôt abondant en acides gras monoinsaturés, en tocotriénols (85,56% m/m) et en lanostérols (28,03%, m/m). Les tourteaux, coques et bois des deux espèces montrent une variabilité chimique en composés pariétaux (extractibles, hémicelluloses, celluloses et lignines). Une caractérisation in fine des hémicelluloses de ces parties des deux plantes a permis de montrer qu’elles sont essentiellement de type glucuronoxylanes. Les extractibles de ces plantes ont également offert une large gamme de composés à connotations industrielles et pharmaceutiques positives. Enfin, les conditions optimales de la biosorbption du bleu de méthylène sur les coques de Lophira ont également été évaluées. Cette évaluation a permis de mettre en exergue la potentielle utilisation de ces résidus agroforestiers pour rendre potables les eaux usées industrielles / The chemical composition of wild oilseeds, such as Lophira lanceolata (Ll) and Carapa procera (Cp) of Benin is mostly unknown. Yet they undergo crafted transformations for food, cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. This study aims to characterize their seeds, hulls and woods. From these crops, different oils have been extracted. One of them has been produced in rural area according to aqueous ancestral method. On the whole, oils of Ll have presented an interesting nutritional profile. They are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (> 50% m/m: mass for mass), especially that extracted by artisanal process. Beyond its good chemical properties, it provides essential fatty acids, phytosterols such as lupeol and more tocols compounds. Roasting and the use of enzymes have also assessed the impact of these methods on the chemical composition of LI seeds. Differently, Cp oil’s has an abundant presence of MUFA, tocotrienols (85.56% w/w) and the richest composition in lanosterol (28.03%, m/m). The seeds cakes, hulls and wood of both species showed various distributions on chemical components (extractives, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin). The characterization of hemicelluloses from different parts of plants has shown that they are essentially glucuronoxylans type. Extractives also offered a wide range of compounds mostly appreciated for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. The chemical composition of the shells of Lophira was rich in organic compounds such as lignin (32.13%, dry weight) so their biosorbent capacity was evaluated. They showed methylene blue good adsorption capacity in aqueous solution, which highlighted their potential use in the purification of wastewater