El presente trabajo de investigación tiene la finalidad de implementar el Sistema Last Planner como parte de la etapa de planeamiento del expediente técnico de una obra piloto ejecutada bajo administración directa del Gobierno Regional de Cusco. Con la finalidad de gestionar las restricciones identificadas durante la ejecución de obra. Se obtuvo que las principales restricciones fueron la responsabilidad de los ejecutores de obra y a su vez agentes externos de los que depende el avance, los tiempos previstos en el expediente técnico no son flexibles ante cambios o imprevistos y finalmente que los proveedores no cumplen la entrega puntual de bienes y servicios. El contexto se planteó desde las definiciones y normas que rigen al gobierno regional, su sistema de funcionamiento a través de unidades ejecutoras y finalmente a las obras ejecutadas bajo administración directa de la sede central del gobierno regional de donde se seleccionó una obra piloto que culmino su ejecución recientemente para recoger las restricciones y problemas que tuvo. Luego aplicar el sistema Last Planner al expediente técnico de la obra piloto se pudo comparar con el proyecto inicial donde finalmente se concluyó que implementar el Last Planner logra un mejor desempeño al tener herramientas suficientes para garantizar el cumplimiento de las asignaciones en el tiempo establecido, lo que se refleja en menos inventarios intermedios estancados y mejor optimización del uso de mano de obra. / The purpose of this investigation work is to implement the Last Planner System as part of the planning stage of the technical file of a pilot project executed under the direct administration of the Regional Government of Cusco. To manage the restrictions identified during the execution of the work. It was found that the main restrictions were the responsibility of the work executors and external agents on which progress depends, the times provided in the technical dossier are not flexible to changes or unforeseen events and finally that suppliers do not meet the timely delivery of goods and services. The context was approached from the definitions and norms that govern the regional government, its system of operation through executing units and finally to the works executed under direct administration of the regional government headquarters, from which a pilot work was selected that recently finished its execution to collect the restrictions and problems it had. After applying the Last Planner system to the technical file of the pilot project, it was possible to compare it with the initial project where it was finally concluded that implementing the Last Planner system achieves better performance by having sufficient tools to guarantee the fulfillment of the assignments in the established time, which is reflected in less intermediate inventories stagnant and better optimization of the use of labor. / Tesis

A través del presente estudio queremos demostrar los beneficios de la aplicación combinada de los métodos Earned Value Management (EVM) y Last Planner® System (LPS) en la programación semanal de proyectos de construcción que involucren muros de contención para sótanos; para lo cual, hemos utilizado como base el estudio de “Combined Application of Earned Value Management and Last Planner® System in Construction Projects” Novinsky et al (2018), que consiste en una combinación en materia de Project Management y Lean Construction, aplicando el estudio en la construcción de muros anclados con el método pachamanca para un proyecto denominado “Edificio Multifamiliar Liri” ubicado en el distrito de Pueblo Libre, en el que se desarrollarán conjuntamente los métodos antes mencionados. En el primer capítulo desarrollamos los aspectos generales del trabajo de investigación, tales como el planteamiento del problema, los objetivos generales y específicos del presente estudio, el alcance de la ejecución del proyecto, así como la descripción de la metodología empleada para el desarrollo de mismo. En el segundo capítulo detallamos el marco teórico de los métodos señalados en el párrafo precedente; asimismo, los procedimientos del sistema constructivo para muros anclados, encofrados “pachamanca”, detallando algunos conceptos complementarios al desarrollo de la presente investigación. En el tercer capítulo, delimitamos algunos alcances referidos al Proyecto “Edificio Multifamiliar Liri”, tales como su ubicación, estructura de desglose de trabajo, programación de obra, hitos de control, cronograma valorizado, así como información adicional relacionada al proyecto. En el cuarto capítulo, desarrollamos el cuerpo del presente estudio, demostrando la aplicación combinada de los métodos Earned Value Management (EVM) y Last Planner® System (LPS); así como el modelo de implementación. En el quinto capítulo, presentamos los resultados obtenidos, así como el detalle del análisis de datos realizados. Finalmente, en el capítulo sexto, describimos las conclusiones y recomendaciones formuladas luego de haber realizado el presente estudio, las mismas que esperamos sean de utilidad e interés para la industria de la construcción. / By means of the current study we want to demonstrate the benefits of the combined application of the Earned Value Management (EVM) and Last Planner® System (LPS) methods in the weekly scheduling of construction projects that involve retaining walls for basements; because of this we have used as a basis the study of “Combined Application of Earned Value Management and Last Planner® System in Construction Projects”, Novinsky et al (2018), that consists in a combination in terms of the Project Management and Lean Construction, applicating the study in the construction of anchored walls with the pachamanca method for a project called “Edificio Multifamiliar Liri” located in the district of Pueblo Libre, in which they develop together the methods previously mentioned. In the first chapter, we develop the general aspects of the research study, such as the problem statement, the general and specific objectives of the current study, the scope of the Project implementation, as well of the description of the methodology used for its development. In the second chapter we detail the theoretical framework of the methods indicated in the previous paragraph. Likewise, the procedures of the construction system for anchored walls, formwork “pachamanca”, detailing some complementary concepts to the development of the current research. In the third chapter, we delimit some statements referred to the Project “Edificio Multifamiliar Liri”, as its location, work breakdown structure, work schedule, control milestones, valued schedule, as well as additional information related to the project. In the fourth chapter, the body of the present research, demonstrating the combined application of the Earned Value Management (EVM) and Last Planner® System (LPS) methods; as well as the implementation model. In the fifth chapter, we present the results obtained, as well as the detail of the data analysis performed. Finally, in the sixth chapter, we describe the conclusions and recommendations formulated after being carried out the current study, the ones that we hope that are useful and interesting for the construction industry. / Trabajo de investigación

Det ständigt växande e-handelssegmentet ställer helt nya krav på transporter inom sista milenleveranser. Sista milen är ofta förknippad med negativa externaliteter som buller, trängsel ochutsläpp och dessutom låg kostnadseffektivitet. Sista milen är därför en del i logistikkedjan somhar stor förbättringspotential. Det har därför på senare tid uppkommit en del innovationer inomsista milen som ska kunna öka effektiviteten och minska de negativa externaliteterna.I denna studie har vi, med hjälp av virtuella fokusgruppsintervjuer, undersökt åtta individersinställning till tre olika innovativa leveransmetoder; crowdsourcing, paketskåp och smarta lås.Vi har även undersökt vad det är som påverkar denna inställning och antagandet av dem, samt vilka förväntningar som individerna har på nya leveranssätt. Till vår hjälp har vi bland annat haft teori kring hur individer antar nya innovationer, vad en tjänsteinnovation är samt tidigare forskning om våra undersökta leveranssätt. Fortsättningsvis har vi även haft teori kring upplevd risk och vad som skapar värde för kunder. Med hjälp av dessa teorier kunde vi i analysen besvara våra frågeställningar. Det visade sig att deltagarna generellt sett har en negativ inställning till crowdsourcing och smarta lås som leveranssätt. Beträffande paketskåp fanns en generellt sett positiv inställning. Det var också det leveranssätt som många deltagare provat tidigare. De är generellt sett nöjda med de leveranssätt som redan existerar och därför är intresset för innovativa leveranssätt inte så stort. Vid diskussioner gällande samtligaleveranssätt fördes resonemang kopplat till värde och risk. Beträffande både inställningen tillinnovationerna och förväntningarna på dem uppfattar vi det som att relativa fördelar,komplexitet och kompatibilitet spelar stor roll vid antagande av innovationer. Även recensioneroch “word of mouth” har visat sig spela in. / A continuously growing B2C e-commerce sector creates new challenges and a differentdemand in the transport sector, especially in the final step of a logistic supply chain - the lastmile delivery. Furthermore, the last mile is also known as the least cost effective part of alogistic chain as well as the part that is associated with negative externalities like congestion,air pollution and noise pollution, especially in urban areas. Considering this, the last mile is apart with high potential of improvement. This is also why last mile delivery innovations arestarting to show up on the market.With the help of virtual focus group methodology, we have in this study aimed to investigateeight people’s attitude towards three last mile delivery innovations; crowdsourcing, parcellockers and smart locks. We have studied things that can have an affect on this attitude and the adoption of innovations, but also what expectations the customers have on last mileinnovations in general. To be able to analyze our data, we have used a variety of theories,including Diffusion of innovations theory, and theories regarding customer value, risk andservice innovation. Regarding our three service innovations, we have also included previousresearch concerning those.Our research showed a negative attitude towards crowdsourcing and smart locks, and a positive attitude towards parcel lockers, which also was the innovation that a lot of our participants had tried. In general, all participants were satisfied with existing delivery methods, why the motivating factors for using the innovations are few. Discussions regarding customer value and risk were influential in our results. We also found mutual factors in what affects attitude and expectations, factors like complexity, compatibility and relative advantages. Furthermore, reviews and word of mouth also seem to have an affect on their attitude towards the innovations.

Background In the context of booming e-commerce and associated logistics flows, there is a considerable challenge to support the future of volumes, specifically more towards home deliveries by logistics service providers (LSP). There are means of addressing this challenge by identifying the key factors that influence consumer behaviour and lead to better adoption by meeting their convenience through right self collection end points setups thus decreasing the logistics costs, meeting sustainability targets and also efficiencies for logistics service provider operations. Purpose The purpose of this study is to study and investigate the convenience factors of self-collection endpoints and associated levels that influence consumer preferences for logistics services to use self-collection last-mile endpoint in Sweden and also associate with observed behaviour across different demographic segments. Methods For research, quantitative research was done using conjoint analysis. Data was collected using a questionnaire sent in Google forms from volunteers, designed through an orthogonal designed based profile to rate the relevance and interest it generated. Results were based on 161 respondents' feedback on 16 such profiles (autogenerated in the SPSS platform). Analyses on existing historical parcel data of the logistics service provider along with the demographic data to build decision-tree models which supports determining the crucial attributes which influence home deliveries and also identify the potential site for trialability by LSP to support better decision-making aligned with the new Innovation diffusion into usage. Conclusions The research has shown that the collection distance is the most crucial convenience factor which can drive/steer consumers to use self-collection endpoints by being relevant in the context of convenience factors to be considered as an alternate to home delivery, followed by handling time. Respondents were willing to compromise on home deliveries if distance was within their expectations, such as <300m from the study conducted. During the thesis work, decision-tree models have also been developed, which has shown relationship/dependency between demographics to different delivery methods like home vs. service points across different geographies and factors influencing it. It has been further observed that different influencing attributes play a significant role across geographical type of delivery locations, such as urban, sub-urban volume data.

Las empresas constructoras del sector inmobiliario, conforme se acercan a la fecha de entrega del proyecto, enfrentan mayor dificultad para culminarlo. Esto, por lo general, sucede cuando la obra se encuentra alrededor de un 90 % de avance, y el 10 % de avance restante no se comporta de la misma manera que lo ya realizado, generándose ampliaciones de plazo. Cuando se produce esta condición, decimos que se ha generado el Síndrome del 90 %. La gran mayoría de las empresas constructoras del sector inmobiliario plantean su programación de obra en base a la Curva S, o Curva de Avance, y descuidan el control de lo que se viene liberando en la obra. Este comportamiento es el principal motivo por el cual se genera el Síndrome del 90 %, razón por la cual se realiza el presente trabajo de investigación, para diseñar una metodología que reconozca, mitigue y revierta los efectos negativos que este síndrome pueda producir. La propuesta ha sido aplicada a un proyecto multifamiliar en curso y plantea generar una curva adicional a la tradicional Curva S haciendo uso del Last Planner® System. Se trata de la Curva de Liberación, la cual recogerá la data de cómo se están produciendo las liberaciones de partidas de nuestra obra, otorgándonos información que nos permita elaborar una programación que nos aleje del Síndrome del 90 % y de los efectos negativos que éste produce, tales como la ampliación de plazos, el incremento en los costos, las penalidades por no cumplimiento y una segura afectación a la imagen comercial de la empresa. / As the building companies in the real estate sector approach the project delivery date, they face greater difficulty finishing it. This, in general, happens when the work is around 90% complete, and the remaining 10% progress does not behave in the same way as what has already been done, generating an increase in the schedule. When this condition occurs, we say that the 90% Syndrome has been generated. The vast majority of building companies in the real estate sector plan their work schedule based on the S Curve, or progress curve, and neglect to control what is being released in the work. This behavior is the main reason why the 90% Syndrome is generated, which is why this research work is carried out, to design a methodology that recognizes, mitigates and reverses the negative effects that this syndrome may produce. The proposal has been applied to an ongoing multifamily building and proposes generating an additional curve to the traditional S Curve using the Last Planner® System. This is the release curve, which will collect the data on how the releases of items of our work are taking place, providing us with information that allows us to develop a schedule that moves us away from the 90% Syndrome and the negative effects it produces, such as the schedule increase, the cost increase, penalties for non-completion and a certain impact on the commercial image of the company. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación plantea la implementación y desarrollo de un planeamiento para el aseguramiento del flujo de construcción mediante la innovación con last planner system aplicado como ejemplo en un proyecto de edificación de gran envergadura. Los proyectos en el sector de edificaciones tienen una premisa constante en ser más cortos en plazo y ajustado en presupuesto, esto genera que el riesgo aumente por esta condición contractual y de mercado teniendo como consecuencia el reto al equipo de construcción para poder optimizar y sincerar el planeamiento inicial con el cual fue adjudicado. En este trabajo de investigación se ha desarrollado soluciones como crítica al planeamiento inicial en el cual durante la ejecución se había perdido plazo poniendo en riesgo el proyecto. Es por ello que, se planteó como soluciones lo siguiente: Encofrado de vigas prearmado, desfase de núcleo de ascensor y optimización de torre grúa. Estas optimizaciones y cambios al planeamiento inicial se ejecutaron con éxito en el proyecto de manera que se obtuvo como resultado la recuperación del plazo y adelanto en la ejecución. / This research work proposes the implementation and development of a strategic planning for the assurance of the construction flow through innovation applied as an example in a large-scale building project. The projects in the building sector have a constant premise of being shorter in terms of time and tight in budget, this generates that the risk increases due to this contractual and market condition, resulting in the challenge to the construction team to be able to optimize and honest the initial planning with which it was awarded. In this research work, solutions have been developed as critical to the initial planning in which, during the execution, time had been lost, putting the project at risk. That is why the following solutions were proposed: pre-assembled beam formwork, elevator core offset and tower crane optimization. These optimizations and changes to the initial planning were successfully executed in the project, resulting in the recovery of the deadline and advancement in the execution. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene la finalidad de estudiar los procesos de gestión de la cadena de abastecimiento y su correlación con la información necesaria para la gestión y control de las actividades propias del área de producción en obra, dentro de un proyecto de inversión pública para un Hospital de categoría III-1 ubicado en la región Huánuco. Dentro de este contexto se desarrollarán indicadores de la cadena de abastecimiento que permitirán evaluar la situación presentada en el mencionado proyecto con referencia al seguimiento logístico y cómo se impacta posteriormente la gestión Last Planner. En el capítulo 1: Se detallan aspectos generales del presente trabajo de investigación, se realiza el planteamiento del problema, se determina el objetivo general y los objetivos específicos, justificación, alcances y limitaciones. En el capítulo 2: Se detalla el Marco Teórico, introduciendo los conceptos básicos de la cadena de abastecimiento, conceptos de la gestión de adquisiciones acorde al Project Management Institute 6ta edición, el Lean Project Delivery System según lean Construction Institute, la cadena de abastecimiento de los proyectos constructivos según London y Kenley, la Gestión por procesos, la clasificación ABC y la definición de los indicadores logísticos. En el capítulo 3: Se realizó el análisis del entorno situacional, dentro del Macro y Micro entorno, además se hizo el análisis interno de la empresa ejecutora del proyecto de investigación, complementando esto con la descripción y diagnóstico del proyecto, para compararlo con otros similares como: el Hospital Nivel III-2: Lima, el Hospital Alta Complejidad III-E: Trujillo y el Hospital II-1: Rioja. En el capítulo 4: Se desarrolla el análisis de los indicadores de gestión y de las pérdidas económicas del proyecto, además se plantea la propuesta de mejora que consiste en un Plan de Implementación, medición, análisis y retroalimentación de la cadena de abastecimiento y su impacto en la productividad del proyecto hospitalario mediante el empleo de indicadores, cerrando el capítulo con una evaluación económica de dicha propuesta. En el capítulo 5: Refiere las conclusiones y recomendaciones que se traducirán en alternativas de mejora con el fin de alcanzar el objetivo central del presente trabajo de investigación. Finalmente, el presente trabajo de investigación busca ser un aporte en el desarrollo y ejecución de proyectos hospitalarios tan necesarios actualmente debido a la presente coyuntura de salud en el país. / The present investigation has the purpose of studying supply chain management processes and their correlation with the information necessary for the management and control of the activities of the production area on-site, within a public investment project for a level III-1 Hospital placed in Huánuco region. In this context, it will be developed supply chain indicators that allow testing the present situation in the studied project involving supply tracking and its impact on last planner management. On Chapter 1: General aspects of this research are detailed, the problem statement is carried out, the general objective and the specific objectives, justification, scope and limitations are determined. On Chapter 2: The theory frame is detailed, introducing the basic concepts of the supply chain, concepts of procurement management according to the Project Management Institute 6th edition, the Lean Project Delivery System according to the Lean Construction Institute, the supply chain of construction projects according to London and Kenley, Management by processes, ABC classification and the definition of logistics indicators. On Chapter 3: The situational environment analysis carried out, within the Macro and Microenvironment, in addition, the internal analysis of the company executing the research project developed, complementing this with the description and diagnosis of the project, to compare it with other similar ones such as Hospital Nivel III-2: Lima, the High Complexity Hospital III-E: Trujillo and the II-1 Hospital: Rioja. On Chapter 4: The analysis of the management indicators and the economic losses of the project developed, in addition, the improvement proposal proposed, which comprises an Implementation Plan, measurement, analysis, and feedback of the supply chain and its productivity impact of the hospital project through the use of indicators, closing the chapter with an economic evaluation of the proposal. On chapter 5: It refers to the conclusions and recommendations that will be translated into alternatives for improvement in order to achieve the central objective of this research work Finally, the present research seeks to be a contribution to the development and execution of hospital projects that are so necessary for the current health situation in the country. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.

A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 1991 / Although the perception of the design of Michelangelo's Last Judgment as dependent upon a basically circular composition around the figure of Christ has generally been observed in the literature, no sailsfactory explanation of this has been presented. In the following hypothesis, a cosmological interpretation of Michelangelo's Last Judgment proposes new sources for the circular design of the fresco around a central Apollonian Sun-Christ. After. an outline of the basic nature of the problem, an examination of earlier examples of the Last Judgment demonstrates the cosmological associations of the traditional iconography of the subject, primarily related to the hierarchical implications! of the 'flat-earth theory,' which places Heaven above and Hell beneath the earth's surface. Close formal analysis of Michelangelo's own version of the Last Judgment, which emphasizes the innovative aspects of its organisation, is then followed by an assessment of various existing interpretations of the work. In then examining the type of Sources which appear likely to have contributed to the final programme of the work, different areas of religious, literary and philosophical material are brought under consideration. In order to resolve the meaning of the fresco's iconography and composition, the influences upon Michelangelo of the Catholic religion and Reform thought, of the writings of Dante, and of Florentine Neoplatonism have been examined in an entirely new way, from a cosmologicalpoint of view, which brings to light their common emphasis on the Sun as a eymbol of the Deity. A new area of potential source material, that of contemporary scientific cosmology, has also been considered. Prevailing knowledge of Copernicus' theory of the Sun-centred universe, hitherto dismissed as a possible direct influence by renowned writers like Charles de Tolnay, on the grounds of chronology, is specifically discussed and found to be securely documented in Vatican circles at the time of the commission. Thus the sources finally proposed for the overall theme of Sun-symbolism and Cosmologyin the fresco are found to 'be dependent upon the common. ground shared between the Catholic Reformation revival of the traditional Christian analogy between the Deity and the Sun, the Neoplatonic cult of Sun-symholism, literary sources in Dante and the scientific theory of heliocentricity, as developed by Copernicus. Against this background of the History of Ideas in the Renaissance period, consideration of art historical methods leads to the suggestion of a newly proposed Biblical source for the fresco and, finally)l discussion of the deductive method of art historical intterpretation suggests the broader implications of the hypothesls, Ii both for the life and work at Michelangelo himself as well as for the/! sixteenth-century 'context of the fresco's creation. / MT2017

Denna analys jämför det miljödrivna berättandet i The Last of Us Part I (2013) med The Last of Us Part II (2020) genom att titta på hur spelarkaraktärerna Joel och Ellie i respektive spel reagerar på spelmiljön. Texten baseras främst på Jenkins (2004), Wilhelmsson (2007) och Fernandez-Varas (2011) forskning inom environmental storytelling men även andra texter förekommer. I analysen observeras skillnader mellan hur Joel och Ellie reagerar på miljön, några anledningar som ligger till grund samt hur detta påverkar spelarens perspektiv. Både spelarkaraktärernas och spelarens kulturella perspektiv analyseras. Spelutvecklare konstateras kunna dra nytta av denna analys genom att den kan hjälpa till att arbeta med miljödrivet berättande. Framtida arbete skulle kunna se ut på en rad olika sätt, det skulle kunna vara att analysen utvidgar mängden spelkonversationer som analyseras, spelare skulle kunna intervjuas samt andra spel skulle kunna analyseras.