Orientador: Matteo Bonfitto Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T14:56:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_AndreaPaulaJustinodos_M.pdf: 7621941 bytes, checksum: 76d51270c2813b9ad4902e1c4efff5e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo verificar a influência de Eugenio Barba e do Terceiro Teatro na América Latina. Com esse intuito, o estudo foca o trabalho de três grupos latinoamericanos que, em algum momento de suas trajetórias, entraram em contato com essas idéias: o Yuyachkani (Peru), o Teatro de los Andes (Bolívia) e o LUME (Brasil). A princípio, é realizado um levantamento histórico-crítico sobre o contato do Odin Teatret na América Latina, a partir da segunda metade da década de 70. Há uma reflexão sobre essa primeira fase, durante a década de 80, que se caracteriza como o período em que as primeiras polêmicas surgiram, e questões sobre colonialismo e imitação aparecem em textos e observações críticas. Durante este estudo houve a preocupação em considerar as diferenças existentes não em uma América Latina, mas nas muitas culturas latinoamericanas materializadas no trabalho dos grupos estudados. O segundo capítulo centrou-se no trabalho de cada grupo especificamente, considerando os diferentes contextos e dinâmicas nas quais esses encontros ocorreram. No último capítulo, partindo da junção dos textos teóricos com a experiência prática da pesquisa de campo realizada, os diferentes níveis de negociações que houve nesses encontros foram verificados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de não apresentar respostas para as inúmeras perguntas que surgiram, mas realizar uma contribuição para as reflexões sobre esse período dentro da história do teatro latinoamericano / Abstract: This dissertation aims at verifying the influence of Eugenio Barba and the Third Theatre on Latin America. In order to achieve this goal, it was decided to focus on the work of three Latin American theatre groups: Yuyachkani (Peru), Teatro de los Andes (Bolivia) and LUME (Brazil). At first, on chapter one, a historical-critical gathering of facts was made about the contact between Odin Teatret and Latin America since the second half of the seventies. There is a reflection upon this first phase, which covers the decade of the eighties, because that was a period where the first polemic facts arose and words such as colonialism and imitation appeared in some articles about this relationship. This analysis was made by taking into consideration that there is not one Latin America, but many different cultures embodied in the work of these theatre groups. On the second chapter, the work and the different contexts and dynamics of each of the groups were taken into account in order to analyze this contact. On the last chapter, by the junction of theory and field research, the different levels of negotiation that occurred through this contact were verified. The aim of this work was not concerned with finding answers to the questions that came forth, but to contribute to the reflections about this specific period on Latin America Theatre history / Mestrado / Artes Cenicas / Mestre em Artes

Orientador: Alvaro Gabriel Bianchi Mendez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T01:58:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bichir_MairaMachado_M.pdf: 1219697 bytes, checksum: ce25b34b7e958403e4b50b0eae5312f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O debate em torno da problemática da dependência ocupou estudiosos de diversos países latino-americanos durante as décadas de 1960 e 1970, período em que as contradições econômicas e sociais da região se agudizavam, manifestando-se politicamente na oposição revolução - contrarrevolução. O objeto da presente pesquisa se inscreve justamente nesse momento histórico e reside na análise do pensamento de Ruy Mauro Marini, Vânia Bambirra e Theotônio dos Santos, autores que tiveram um papel ativo e relevante nesse processo e que aparecem reunidos aqui no que se denomina vertente marxista da dependência. Intenta-se, nesse estudo, apresentar e sistematizar suas interpretações acerca da dependência latino-americana; nesse sentido, a dissertação encontra-se estruturada em três capítulos, cujo marco metodológico é a História do Pensamento Político: o primeiro deles está dedicado ao estudo das origens da problemática da dependência, resgatando os processos econômicos, políticos e sociais que marcaram a América Latina naquele período, bem como o debate no interior dos estudos sobre desenvolvimento econômico; o segundo enfoca a conformação da vertente marxista da dependência, situando-a no contexto mais amplo da "Teoria da Dependência"; por fim, o terceiro tem como foco a compreensão do pensamento dessa vertente / Abstract: The debate regarding dependency mobilized scholars from different Latin American countries in the decades of 1960 and 1970, when economic and social contradictions deepened and acquired a political dimension through the opposition between revolution and counter-revolution. The subject of this thesis is directly related to this period and concerns the thought of Ruy Mauro Marini, Vânia Bambirra and Theotônio dos Santos, who had an active and relevant role in the constitution of the "Dependency Theory" in its Marxist perspective. This work aims to present and systematize their views on Latin American dependency. As a result, the thesis is divided into three chapters, in which the History of Political Thought has a leading methodological role. The first one discusses both the origins of dependency, highlighting economic, political and social processes which marked Latin America at that time and the debate around economic development. The following chapter turns its focus to the emergence of Marxist Dependency Theory in the larger scope of "Dependency Theory". Finally, the third chapter is centered on the comprehension of the above-mentioned perspective / Mestrado / Ciencia Politica / Mestre em Ciência Política

During the mid to late 1900s many Latin American countries found themselves under the rule of violent military regimes and in civil war. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the atrocities committed in the late 20th century throughout Latin America and to discuss the ways in which these societies, affected by state violence, were able to overcome the past. In this paper, I will look at the purpose of truth and reconciliation commissions and their outcomes in Chile, Argentina, and Guatemala in order to find some similarities and compare and contrast the successes and failures of the different commissions in their respective settings.

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / Research question: What is the difference in prevalence of LARCs between women living in urban and rural areas of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)? Background, significance, and rationale: While LARCs have been shown to be effective, approved for long duration of use, and cost-effective there is an unmet need for this type contraception in rural areas. The LAC region has a need for improved family planning services, evidenced by the high percentage of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortions. Methods: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) conducted between 2010 and 2015 in LAC countries were reviewed and analyzed to determine difference in prevalence of LARC use between women living in urban versus rural areas. Additionally, a systematic literature review was performed resulting in selection of 11 primary research articles evaluated for LARC prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with LARC use.

This dissertation proposes that a literary corpus surrounding the configuration of Latin American national subjects conditioned the spatial organization of the region's capital cities. I use novels, manuals of good manners, journal articles, and maps to explain how the normative behaviors prescribed by discourses of political subjectivity gave rise to a fragmented cartography of the city. This cartography served to legitimize the elite's right to governance and limit the participation of those with non-normative identities within the political borders of the national community. Although this dissertation mainly concentrates on the spatial relations of power and domination that emerged from the construction of an ideal model of citizenship, it also explores the way subaltern peoples resisted their place in the city by claiming urban space for their own cultural practices.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. There are few studies in Latin America, especially in primary care settings. Our objective was to determine the prevalence, stages, and associated factors of CKD in primary care setting. Methods: We did a retrospective secondary analysis of a database from the Diabetes and Hypertension Primary Care Center of the Peruvian Social Security System (EsSalud) in Lima, Peru. We defined CKD as the presence of eGFR <60 mL/min and/or albuminuria >30 mg/day in 24 h, according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Factors associated with CKD were evaluated with Poisson Regression models; these factors included age, gender, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), hypertension (HTN), body mass index (BMI), and uric acid. Associations were described as crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: We evaluated 1211 patients (women [59%], mean age 65.8 years [SD: 12.7]). Prevalence of CKD was 18%. Using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the prevalence was 9.3% (95% CI 5.3 – 13.3) in patients without HTN or DM2; 20.2% (95% CI 17.6 – 22.8) in patients with HTN, and 23.9% (95% CI 19.4 – 28.4) in patients with DM2. The most common stages were 1 and 2 with 41.5% and 48%, respectively. Factors associated with CKD in the adjusted analysis were: age in years (PR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.04), DM2 (PR = 3.37, 95% CI 1.09 – 10.39), HTN plus DM2 (PR = 3.90, 95% CI 1.54 – 9.88), and uric acid from 5 to <7 mg/dL (PR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.31 – 3.19) and ≥7 mg/dL (PR = 5.19, 95% CI 3.32 – 8.11). Conclusions: Prevalence of CKD in the primary care setting population was high. CKD is more frequent in the early stages of the disease, and individuals with hypertension, DM2, older age and hyperuricemia have higher prevalence of CKD.

Objective: To evaluate associations between anxiety and severe impairment of quality of life (QoL) in Latin American postmenopausal women. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study among postmenopausal women aged 40 to 59 from 11 Latin American countries. We evaluated anxiety (The Goldberg Depression and Anxiety Scale), and QoL (Menopause Rating Scale [MRS]), and included sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, and anthropometric variables in the analysis. Poisson family generalized linear models with robust standard errors were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs. There were two adjusted models: a statistical model that included variables associated with the outcomes in bivariate analyses, and an epidemiologic model that included potentially confounding variables from literature review. Results: Data from 3,503 women were included; 61.9% had anxiety (Goldberg). Severe QoL impairment (total MRS score >=17) was present in 13.7% of women, as well as severe symptoms (MRS subscales): urogenital (25.5%), psychological (18.5%), and somatic (4.5%). Anxiety was independently associated with severe QoL impairment and severe symptoms in the epidemiological (MRS total score: PR 3.6, 95% CI, 2.6-5.0; somatic: 5.1, 95% CI, 2.6-10.1; psychological: 2.8, 95% CI, 2.2-3.6; and urogenital: 1.4, 95% CI, 1.2-1.6) and the statistical model (MRS total score: PR 3.5, 95% CI, 2.6-4.9; somatic: 5.0, 95% CI, 2.5-9.9; psychological: 2.9, 95% CI, 2.2-3.7; and urogenital: 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6). Conclusions: In this postmenopausal Latin American sample, anxiety was independently associated with severe QoL impairment. Hence, screening for anxiety in this population is important.

Background Latin America is undergoing a human resource crisis in health care in terms of labor shortage, misdistribution and poor orientation to primary care. Workforce data are needed to inform the planning of long-term strategies to address this problem. This study aimed to evaluate the academic and motivational profile, as well as the professional expectations, of Latin American medical students. Results We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, multi-country study evaluating medical students from 11 Spanish-speaking countries in 2011–2012. Motivations to study medicine, migration intentions, intent to enter postgraduate programs, and perceptions regarding primary care were evaluated via a self-administered questionnaire. Outcomes were measured with pilot-tested questions and previously validated scales. A total of 11,072 valid surveys from 63 medical schools were gathered and analyzed. Conclusions This study describes the profile and expectations of the future workforce being trained in Latin America. The obtained information will be useful for governments and universities in planning strategies to improve their current state of affairs regarding human resources for health care professions.

Magister Legum - LLM / The end of Apartheid and the transition to a new constitutional democracy in South Africa was ushered in by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). The purpose of the TRC was to promote a dialogue between victims and perpetrators of gross human rights violations to try and achieve reconciliation in the country. To this end, the TRC was given the power to grant conditional amnesty to those who came forward to reveal the full truth to the country about the crimes that they had committed. Those who refused to apply for amnesty or who did apply but were denied amnesty were supposed to be prosecuted. A number of years have passed since the final TRC report was submitted and hardly any prosecutions have taken place. This paper argues, by comparing the transitions in Argentina and Chile to the one in South Africa, that the lack of post-Truth Commission prosecutions in South Africa has contributed to nurturing a culture of impunity for acts of corruption in high offices of state. It argues that in countries transitioning from repressive and authoritarian regimes to democratic governments, prosecutions of gross human rights violations are necessary for the creation and strengthening of the rule of law and a human rights culture. Therefore, the impunity for economic crimes such as corruption is detrimental to democracy.

Beginning in the late 1970s, with the onset of the third wave of democratization, a host of new conservative parties emerged in Latin America. The trajectories of these parties varied tremendously. While some went on to enjoy long-term electoral success, others failed to take root. The most successful new conservative parties all shared a surprising characteristic: they had deep roots in former dictatorships. They were "authoritarian successor parties," or parties founded by high-level incumbents of authoritarian regimes that continue to operate after a transition to democracy. What explains variation in conservative party-building outcomes in Latin America since the onset of the third wave, and why were the most successful new conservative parties also authoritarian successor parties? This study answers these questions by developing a theory of "authoritarian inheritance." It argues that, paradoxically, close links to former dictatorships may, under some circumstances, be the key to party-building success. This is because authoritarian successor parties sometimes inherit resources from the old regime that are useful under democracy. The study examines five potential resources: party brand, territorial organization, clientelistic networks, business connections and a source of cohesion rooted in a history of joint struggle. New conservative parties that lack such inheritance face a more daunting task. Such parties may have better democratic credentials, but they are likely to have worse democratic prospects. This argument is developed through an analysis of four parties: Chile's Independent Democratic Union (UDI), Argentina's Union of the Democratic Center (UCEDE), El Salvador's Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) and Guatemala's Party of National Advancement (PAN). Drawing on interview and archival data gathered during 15 months of fieldwork in five countries, this study contributes to three literatures. First, as the first book-length comparison of conservative parties in Latin America, it contributes to the literature on Latin American politics. Second, by developing a new theory of how successful new parties may emerge--the theory of authoritarian inheritance--it contributes to the literature on party-building. Third, by developing the concept of authoritarian successor parties, it sheds light on a common but underappreciated vestige of authoritarian rule and, in this way, contributes to the literature on regimes. / Government