Cette thèse porte sur l’émergence d’une industrie musicale à Miami, spécialisée dans la production, la promotion et la distribution de la musique dite latino. Elle montre comment la ville floridienne s’est progressivement établie, à partir du début des années 1980, en un lieu central d’élaboration d’une catégorie musicale réifiée, co-construite par les industries culturelles, les médias et les musiciens. Cette recherche en sciences de l’information et de la communication s’inscrit dans une démarche au croisement de l’économie politique critique de la communication, de la socioéconomie des industries culturelles et des Latino studies. Elle a pour objectif de décrypter les mécanismes à l’œuvre dans la création de nouvelles formes musicales au sein d’environnements politiques et économiques spécifiques, la réappropriation et intégration de ces nouvelles esthétiques dans le circuit des industries culturelles, et, enfin, leur exploitation transmédiatique à des échelles multiples. / This thesis focuses on the emergence of a Miami music industry specializing in the Latin music production, promotion and distribution. It shows how the Floridian city has progressively been established as a central location for a reified musical category, co-constructed by cultural industries, media and musicians in the early 1980s. This research in information and communication sciences is at the crossroads of critical political economy and Latino studies approaches. It aims at describing the mechanisms that are at work in the creation of new musical forms, within specific political and economic contexts; the re-appropriation and integration of these new aesthetics in the cultural industries processes; and their transmedia exploitation on multiple scales.

Math anxiety levels and performance outcomes were compared for bilingual and monolingual community college Intermediate Algebra students attending a culturally diverse urban commuter college. Participants (N = 618, 250 men, 368 women; 361 monolingual, 257 bilingual) completed the Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) and a demographics instrument. Bilingual and monolingual students reported comparable mean AMAS scores (20.6 and 20.7, respectively) and comparable proportions of math anxious individuals (50% and 48%, respectively). Factor analysis of AMAS scores, using principal component analysis by varimax rotation, yielded similar two-factor structures for both populations -- assessment and learning content -- accounting for 65.6% of the trace for bilingual AMAS scores. Statistically significant predictor variables for levels of math anxiety for the bilingual participants included (a) preparatory course enrollment (β = .236, p = .041) with those enrolled in prior preparatory courses scoring higher, (b) education major (β = .285, p = .018) with education majors scoring higher, and (c) business major (β = .252, p = .032) with business majors scoring higher. One statistically significant predictor variable emerged for monolingual students, gender (β = -.085, p = .001) with females ranking higher. Age, income, race, ethnicity, U.S. origin, science or health science majors did not emerge as statistically significant predictor variables for either group. Similarities between monolingual and bilingual participants included statistically significant negative linear correlations between AMAS scores and course grades for both bilingual (r = -.178, p = .017) and monolingual participants (r = -.203, p = .001). Differences included a statistically significant linear correlation between AMAS scores and final exam grades for monolingual participants only (r = -.253, p < .0009) despite no statistically significant difference in the strength the linear relationship of the AMAS scores and the final exam scores between groups, z = 1.35, p = .1756. The findings show that bilingual and monolingual students report math anxiety similarly and that math anxiety has similar associations with performance measures, despite differences between predictor variables. One of the first studies on the math anxiety of bilingual community college students, the results suggest recommendations for researchers and practitioners.

This study is a multi-method, two-city, intensive, in-depth qualitative study of Huntington's disease (HD) caregivers (HDCs) in Colombia. I explored the Colombia HDCs' experience through the Hispanic culture of caring. I develop the theory of the subrogate agency based on 5 functional stages of HD from Shoulson and Fanh (1979). This study was conducted in two different regions of Colombia, Medellin and Juan de Acosta, in which high rates of HD cases have been identified. The data were collected through three methods: (a) 56 interviews with HDCs and 8 with physicians; (b) 28 participant observations of Huntington's disease sufferers (HDSs); (c) 4 interviews and 8 focus groups of 6 members each with HDCs of late HDSs. Human agency is the ability to monitor one's own action. This study showed that the gradual and serious loss of all capabilities in HDSs has a social effect on the HDSs' agency. HDSs' survival depends on the subrogation that the HDC offers to the HDS. The HDS retains self-hood, i.e. agency, through the HDC's action. This subrogation causes a paradoxical consequence, resulting in both negative and positive effects on the caregiver. The theory of surrogate agency is supported by the data. Through the progressive phases, the capacity of the sufferer for expressing suffering, and social embarrassment, as well as the capacity to fight against the illness and provide reciprocity to their caregivers, deceases. The reason is that physical and cognitive impairments, as well as depression and anger, continue to increase. The study also documented important socio-cultural differences among the study regions. For instance, HDC's solidarity was based on blood and friendship; in larger cities, HD fragmented families. The study also found that HD is taking an immense toll on caregivers, sufferers and families because they are excluded from the Colombia's Basic Health Plan.

Because racism remains a significant issue in society, and many victims of racism do not speak up for themselves when faced with racism, it is important to explore how witnesses to racist events may react and intervene upon observing racism toward others. Thus, the current study explored how participants (bystanders) reacted verbally to racist comments made by a confederate during a partner activity, as well as how participants discussed their reactions in post-interviews. Forty college students participated in the study, and three of the participants verbally intervened upon hearing the racist statements. Ajzen's theory of planned behavior was utilized as a framework, and examination of the results indicated that components of the theory as well as social constructions of racism and appropriateness of intervention behaviors affect intervention outcomes. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications, as well as suggestions for future research are included.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais, Florianópolis, 2016. / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-24T17:58:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 339595.pdf: 2694616 bytes, checksum: 45d28a83d872669624d15402c1afcb6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o processo de integração ferroviária no Cone Sul e as ações desenvolvidas pela Associação Latino-americana de Ferrovias (ALAF) no contexto do Novo Regionalismo. A partir da década de 1990, perfilou-se um momento de inflexão para as ferrovias nos países do Cone Sul, bem como para as perspectivas de integração desse modal na região. Há dois fatores principais envolvidos nesse contexto: (i) o processo de reformas dos sistemas ferroviários, com uma maior participação do setor privado por meio de concessões; e (ii) a emergência do Novo Regionalismo, cujo modelo de integração alavanca investimentos para formar um sistema de transportes regional mais competitivo frente aos mercados globais. Nessa conjuntura, recoloca-se em discussão qual é o papel das ferrovias para o processo de integração regional. Não obstante, observa-se que há uma lacuna na literatura no que diz respeito ao papel de atores não estatais internacionais no processo de integração ferroviária regional. Reconhecendo que a participação de organizações não governamentais internacionais configura uma tendência marcante das dinâmicas regionais contemporâneas, este trabalho propõe-se a enriquecer a literatura através de um estudo de caso da ALAF, organização não governamental sui generis na região, que busca integração ferroviária no contexto do Novo Regionalismo. O trabalho demonstra que a efetiva integração das ferrovias nunca foi uma prioridade dos países da região, e tem sido restringida por diversos fatores, entre eles as atuais condições precárias das ferrovias nos países da região, as diferenças de bitola, as morosidades aduaneiras etc. O estudo também revela que, apesar do contexto adverso, a Associação tem procurado contribuir para o desenvolvimento e a integração das ferrovias no Cone Sul mediante Bens Públicos Regionais de transporte finais e intermediários. Contudo, apesar das oportunidades e potenciais da Associação, o alcance de sua atuação é limitado devido a ameaças do contexto da integração regional ferroviária, bem como a fatores internos da própria organização.<br> / Abstract : The objective of this work is to investigate the process of rail integration at the Southern Cone and the actions developed by the Latin-American Rail Association (ALAF) in the context of the New Regionalism. From the 1990?s, the context has been characterized by inflections for the railways at the countries of the Southern Cone, as well as for the perspectives of integration of this transport mode in the region. There are two main factors connected to this conjuncture: (i) a reform process of the rail systems, which is marked by a greater participation of the private sector through concessions; and (ii) the emergence of the New Regionalism, whose integration's model demands more investiments to develop a regional transports system more competitive in face to the global markets. At this conjuncture, it has been questioned which is the role of the railways for the regional integration. Nevertheless, it was observerd that there is a gap in the litterature with regard the role of nonstate actors in the regional integration process. Recognizing that the participation of international non-governamental organizations is a important trend in the contemporary regional dynamics, this work purposes contribute to the litterature through a case study about ALAF, which is an international non governamental organization sui geniris at the region, for the rail integration in the context of New Regionalism. The work demonstrates that the effective rail integration at the region has never been a priority of the region?s countries, and has been indeed restricted by many factors, such as the precarious conditions of the railways, diferencies of gauges, slowness in the custos process etc. The study also reveals that, despite the adverse context, the Association has been contributing to the development and integration of railways at the Southern Cone by fostering the provision of final and intermediate Regional Public Goods of transports. However, despite the opportunities and strenghs of ALAF, the extent of its action is restricted, due to threats of the rail regional integration contexto, as well as to internal factors of the organization itseff.

Orientador: José Roberto Zan / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T16:17:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedrasse_CarlosEduardo_M.pdf: 12874479 bytes, checksum: 8dd36a72ed78bfb026190c53ad90a0ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Mestrado

Literature emerging from borderland, transnational or diaspora contexts doesn’t always fit the mould of the dominant national culture where the author resides. Usually this literature is published in the language of the larger society, but sometimes authors prefer to use the language variety in which they write as one of many tools to resist assimilation and highlight their independent or hybrid identity; such is the case with Matilda Koén-Sarano's Judeo-Spanish folktales and Susana Chávez-Silverman’s Spanglish crónicas. When this is the case, translation from these varieties must be done in a way that preserves the resistance to assimilation in a different linguistic context. In this thesis I begin by defining Judeo-Spanish and Spanglish as language varieties, consider who uses them, who writes in them, and the political or personal motivations of the authors. I then problematize the broad issue of translating texts written in nonstandard language varieties. I consider power in translation generally and into English more specifically. I nuance the binary between rejecting translation completely, and embracing it wholeheartedly as essential. In the final two chapters I turn my attention to specific challenges that presented themselves in translations from Judeo-Spanish and Spanglish and explain how these challenges informed my approaches and strategies. No single translation approach or strategy emerges as a monolithic solution to all problems. Nevertheless, my original contribution to knowledge lies in the nuanced discussion and creative application of varying degrees of ethnolects (or literary dialects), writing based in phonetics, and intralinguistic translation that are explained and that are evidenced in the original translations found in the appendices.

Negative experiences of stigmatization, discrimination, and rejection are common among people living with HIV in the United States, and particularly when they are also members of a minority group. Some three decades after the first cases of AIDS were identified, people infected with HIV continue to be perceived and characterized negatively. While an HIV/AIDS diagnosis is typically associated with negativity, this study investigates the extent to which collective experiences among HIV-positive people result in healthy responses and positive social adjustment. This study is focused on the ways in which HIV-positive Puerto Rican men in Boston live positive despite being diagnosed with HIV. Rather than wrapping themselves in the social stigma of HIV and the isolation that entails, they participate in processes that affirm themselves and their peers. In so doing, they help generate both healthy and meaningful lives for themselves and others. The study examines the process in which Puerto Rican men living with HIV in Boston participate, promote, and reaffirm an HIV community, la comunidad, as a social entity with a unique culture and identity. This study also investigates how this community influences, supports, and encourages the adoption of positive transformations for living long term with HIV. On the basis of nine months of field research, this qualitative study employed both focus groups and interviews with fifty HIV-positive Puerto Rican men in Boston. These men were recruited, using convenience sampling, from different community-based organizations (CBOs) that provide HIV/AIDS services in Boston. The study finds that HIV-positive Puerto Rican men in Boston build community, not in response to social exclusion, but built on shared positive practices and strategies for living healthy with HIV. These men come together to negotiate and form a unique cultural community expressed in norms, beliefs, and practices that, although centered on HIV, are designed for living healthy. These expressions reaffirm a sense of community in everyday settings and transform the lives of these men with positive behaviors and healthy lifestyles. The findings reveal that this transformation takes place in the context of a community, with the support, encouragement, and at times, policing of others. La comunidad is where the lives of these men are transformed as they learn, adopt, and experience living positive with HIV.

Even though the oral health of Americans has improved greatly in the last 50 years, some specific groups of the population have been left behind. Latinos, children and adults, bear a disproportionate burden of oral diseases. Latino children, the fastest growing minority group of children in the US, are affected disproportionately by oral diseases like dental caries compared to other groups. Understanding the difficulties and barriers that these children have to utilize dental care will help us in the future to develop effective programs to reduce health disparities in this segment of the population. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that determine dental services access and utilization by children in the state of Iowa. Emphasis will be given to differences in utilization of dental services among different racial/ethnic groups. Additionally, the study will describe and compare difficulties in utilization of care among Latino children whose parents answered the survey in English (LE) and those who answered it in Spanish (LS). In order to address these objectives existing data from the Iowa Child and Family Household Health Survey 2005 (HHS) were analyzed. The dependent variable for the study was utilization of dental services. This outcome variable was dichotomized as whether or not the child had a dental visit in the last year. Characteristics of study subjects were first analyzed through descriptive statistics. Bivariate analyses were conducted to assess associations between the dependent variable and independent variables. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with utilization of dental services in Iowa's children, and for each different racial and ethnic group. Seven factors were related to the time of the last dental visit for Iowa children: Having a regular source of dental care, dental insurance status, having a dental need in the past 12 months, brushing habits, the age of the children, and family income. The same seven factors were correlated to having a dental visit for white children. For African-American children, having a regular source of dental care, dental insurance status, and having a dental need in the last 12 months were the factors that were found associated to the time of the last dental check-up. For the Latino Spanish children, having a regular source of dental care and the age of the children were factors associated to dental utilization. Finally, for the Latino English children, the only factor associated with having a dental visit was having a regular source of dental care. Information from this research gives policy makers, public health workers, and clinicians an overview of oral health disparities affecting children in the state. For those agencies in Iowa interested in the improvement of access and utilization of dental services for minority children, this project gives important inside about the factors related to the use of services for different racial/ethnic groups in the state.

Latina/o students do not perform at the same level of achievement as their peers, and often lack of parent presence is mistaken for apathy towards their children’s educational success. This research examines the strategies Latina/o parents take in navigating the school system and advocating for their students. A local nonprofit organization with the goal of achieving educational equity for Latina/o parents will utilize these findings and recommendations to develop curricula for a parent literacy program.