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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Private equity firms : And the management of their portfolio companies

Ericson, Carl, Forsmark, Magnus January 2006 (has links)
Bakgrund: I slutet av åttiotalet blev leveraged buyouts, högt belånade företagsuppköp, ett frekvent förekommande företeelse i Amerikanskt näringsliv. Det gigantiska uppköpet av RJR Nabisco är fortfarande omtalat bland världens investerare. Det senaste årtiondet har mängden kapital i private equity fonderna ökat till att idag motsvara ett kapital på runt 7% av Stockholmsbörsens värde. Samtidigt som dessa fonder kontrollerar en stor mängd kapital är det relativt okänt hur de sköter och tillför värde till sina portföljbolag. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera hur private equity bolag tillför värde till sina svenska portföljbolag. Metod: Denna uppsats har utgått från en kvalitativ studie för en mer genomgående och djup analys av private equity marknaden. Författarna har valt att genomföra intervjuer med personer i ledande positioner hos portfölj bolagen. Totalt deltog sex stycken företag i studien. Eftersom vissa delar av informationen som insamlats kan anses vara av känslig karaktär så är alla företag anonyma. Slutsatser: Författarna kunde urskilja tre områden där private equity bolagen skapade värde i sina portföljbolag, genom förbättrade marginaler, ökad försäljning och minskade skulder. Private equity bolagen använde olika metoder för att skapa värde inom dessa områden, ett sätt är att ge ledningen i portföljbolagen ökade incitament, ett annat är att skapa strikta återbetalningsplaner för portföljbolagen vilket tvingar dem att effektivisera verksamheten. Private equity bolagen fungerar även som bollplank och assisterar vid förvärv. / Background: Through the late eighties leveraged buyouts were frequent in America and the giant buyout of RJR Nabisco became world renowned among investors. In the last decade the capital committed to private equity and leveraged buyouts have risen and in Sweden an amount equal to 7% of the market capitalization on the Stockholm stock exchange is placed in private equity funds. Although Private Equity firms control large amounts of capital it is relatively unclear how the private equity firms manage and add value to their portfolio companies. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how private equity firms contribute to their portfolio companies in Sweden. Methodology: This thesis has taken a qualitative approach for more in depth analysis of the private equity market. The authors have chosen to interview man-agers at portfolio companies acquired by private equity firms to gather data. Six portfolio companies participated in this study and the interviews were performed in a semi structured manner. As some of the information gathered could be of sensitive nature all respondents are anonymous. Conclusion: The authors identified three areas in which the private equity firms added value; improving the margins, increasing the turnover and reducing the debt. The private equity firms used different techniques to accomplish the value improvements, both by giving the executives at the portfolio companies incentives and by forcing them to increase the efficiency in the organisation in order to be able to repay debts. The private equity firms also supports their portfolio companies by giving assistance and support in i.e. acquisitions.
12

Private equity firms : And the management of their portfolio companies

Ericson, Carl, Forsmark, Magnus January 2006 (has links)
<p>Bakgrund: I slutet av åttiotalet blev leveraged buyouts, högt belånade företagsuppköp, ett frekvent förekommande företeelse i Amerikanskt näringsliv. Det gigantiska uppköpet av RJR Nabisco är fortfarande omtalat bland världens investerare. Det senaste årtiondet har mängden kapital i private equity fonderna ökat till att idag motsvara ett kapital på runt 7% av Stockholmsbörsens värde. Samtidigt som dessa fonder kontrollerar en stor mängd kapital är det relativt okänt hur de sköter och tillför värde till sina portföljbolag.</p><p>Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera hur private equity bolag tillför värde till sina svenska portföljbolag.</p><p>Metod: Denna uppsats har utgått från en kvalitativ studie för en mer genomgående och djup analys av private equity marknaden. Författarna har valt att genomföra intervjuer med personer i ledande positioner hos portfölj bolagen. Totalt deltog sex stycken företag i studien. Eftersom vissa delar av informationen som insamlats kan anses vara av känslig karaktär så är alla företag anonyma.</p><p>Slutsatser: Författarna kunde urskilja tre områden där private equity bolagen skapade värde i sina portföljbolag, genom förbättrade marginaler, ökad försäljning och minskade skulder. Private equity bolagen använde olika metoder för att skapa värde inom dessa områden, ett sätt är att ge ledningen i portföljbolagen ökade incitament, ett annat är att skapa strikta återbetalningsplaner för portföljbolagen vilket tvingar dem att effektivisera verksamheten. Private equity bolagen fungerar även som bollplank och assisterar vid förvärv.</p> / <p>Background: Through the late eighties leveraged buyouts were frequent in America and the giant buyout of RJR Nabisco became world renowned among investors. In the last decade the capital committed to private equity and leveraged buyouts have risen and in Sweden an amount equal to 7% of the market capitalization on the Stockholm stock exchange is placed in private equity funds. Although Private Equity firms control large amounts of capital it is relatively unclear how the private equity firms manage and add value to their portfolio companies.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how private equity firms contribute to their portfolio companies in Sweden.</p><p>Methodology: This thesis has taken a qualitative approach for more in depth analysis of the private equity market. The authors have chosen to interview man-agers at portfolio companies acquired by private equity firms to gather data. Six portfolio companies participated in this study and the interviews were performed in a semi structured manner. As some of the information gathered could be of sensitive nature all respondents are anonymous.</p><p>Conclusion: The authors identified three areas in which the private equity firms added value; improving the margins, increasing the turnover and reducing the debt. The private equity firms used different techniques to accomplish the value improvements, both by giving the executives at the portfolio companies incentives and by forcing them to increase the efficiency in the organisation in order to be able to repay debts. The private equity firms also supports their portfolio companies by giving assistance and support in i.e. acquisitions.</p>
13

Financiarisation et LBO : une analyse des effets des opérations de LBO sur la performance, l’emploi et la faillite des entreprises en Europe / Financialization and LBO : an analysis of the effects of LBO operations on the performance, employment and failure of the firms in europe

Bédu, Nicolas 06 December 2013 (has links)
Les opérations de leveraged Buy-Out (LBO) suscitent de nombreux questionnements quant à leur rôle dans le financement des entreprises. Les risques endogènes et le développement récent de cette forme d’acquisition révèlent que les LBO constituent non seulement un enjeu théorique et empirique mais également sociétal. L’objectif de cette thèse, qui s’empare de ces trois enjeux, est une analyse de la nature des LBO, des déterminants institutionnels de son développement et de ses effets pour les entreprises et leurs acteurs. La genèse des LBO participe d’un processus de transformation du capitalisme et d’un renouveau théorique sur la nature de la firme et des intérêts qu’elle est supposée servir. Elle nous conduit à définir les LBO, qui véhiculent une conception actionnariale de la nature de la firme, comme une manifestation du processus de financiarisation. Cette hypothèse est alors appréhendée à deux niveaux distincts. L’analyse macroéconomique se focalise sur le développement des LBO en Europe, elle met en évidence que l’essor des LBO permet de caractériser les transformations hétérogènes des modèles de capitalisme. L’analyse microéconomique se centre sur les effets de cette forme d’acquisition sur la performance, l’emploi et la défaillance des entreprises européennes. Il en ressort que les conséquences des opérations des LBO sont contrastées, de sorte qu’il n’est possible ni d’inférer des conclusions de portée générale quant aux effets positifs de cette forme d’acquisition ni de considérer que le développement de la pratique des LBO est souhaitable. / Leveraged Buy-Out (LBO) operations provoke a number of inquiries for their role in the finance of firms. The recent development of this form of acquisition and endogenous risks associated with it reveal that LBOs constitute not only a theoretical and an empirical but also a social issue. Based on these three issues, the aim of this study is to analyze the nature of LBO, institutional determinants of its development and its effects on firms and their actors. The origin of LBO pertains to the transformation of capitalism and a revival of the theory on the nature of firm and its beneficiaries. Such a reference leads to define LBO as an expression of financialization which conveys to a shareholding conception of the nature of the firm. This hypothesis can then be grasped at two different levels. The macroeconomic analysis focused on the development of LBO in Europe provides evidence that the rise of LBO allows to define the transformations of the heterogeneous models of capitalism. On the other hand, the microeconomic analysis centered on the effects of this form of acquisition on the performance, employment and failure of European firms shows the contrasting features of the consequences of LBO operations that neither to draw general conclusions for positive effects of this form of acquisition nor to consider the development of the LBO is desirable.
14

Analyse de l'impact des leviers organisationnels et de gouvernance sur la performance opérationnelle et la rentabilité des entreprises sous LBO : le cas français / Analysis of the impact of organizational and corporate governance mechanisms on operating performance nd profitability of LBO firms : the french case

Chetouan, Iatidal 30 September 2015 (has links)
Le Capital-Investissement et plus particulièrement les opérations de LBO, occupent une place importante dans l'économie mondiale et française. Ce travail de recherche a pour objet l'analyse de l'impact des leviers organisationnels et de gouvernance sur la performance opérationnelle et la rentabilité des entreprises françaises sous LBO. Nous présentons ainsi, en premier lieu, dans les deux premiers chapitres de cette thèse, une revue complète de la littérature, ainsi que le modèle théorique de l'impact des leviers organisationnels et de gouvernance sur la performance opérationnelle et la rentabilité des entreprises sous LBO en privilégiant une approche actionnariale de la gouvernance.Ensuite, dans le cadre des troisième et quatrième chapitres de cette thèse, nous examinons de façon empirique, d'une part, l'impact de la mise en place des opérations de LBO sur la performance opérationnelle des entreprises françaises, et, d'autre part, les effets des leviers organisationnels et de gouvernance sur la rentabilité des entreprises françaises sous LBO.Nos résultats confirment en partie les résultats anglo-saxons concernant l'impact positif des opérations de LBO sur la performance de la société cible, ils sont obtenus en effectuant une double analyse comparative : la première en comparant l'évolution de la performance avant et après la mise en place du LBO, et la deuxième en effectuant une comparaison par rapport à un groupe de contrôle composé d'entreprises aux caractéristiques comparables mais qui n'ont pas fait l'objet d'un LBO.Enfin, nous proposons un modèle explicatif des effets des leviers organisationnels et de gouvernance sur la rentabilité des entreprises sous LBO. / Private Equity, especially Leverage Buyout activity (LBO), is now an important concern in the world economy and also in France. This kind of investment is an important alternative to capital market.The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the effects of corporate governance and organizational mechanisms on the performance of French firms leveraged buyout.We presented in the first part of this thesis, the first and second chapter of it, the history of the emergence of these investments in the world and especially in France, and an overview of the literature on private equity and leveraged buyouts, focusing on our theoretical framework which is based on corporate governance theories, especially on agency theory and financial performance.Moreover, we discussed the literature about the relation between operating performance, corporate governance and Leverage Buyout. As part of this thesis and in the third and fourth chapters, we proposed an empirical study of the impact of LBO on operating performance.This research also proposes a new approach to the relationship governance-performance by a financial modelling of the relation between corporate governance and performance in the case of leveraged buyout firms in France.This thesis is a contribution to the Leverage Buyout and Private Equity literature from a theoretical and empirical point of view. It also has implications for the managers of private firms.
15

Les financements structurés et le droit des entreprises en difficultés / Structured finance and insolvency

Benhamou-Gabriel, Archibald 13 June 2017 (has links)
Les financements structurés semblent se construire comme des instruments de neutralisation de la procédure collective. Ces montages, utilisés tant en matière de financement d'acquisition (LBO) qu'en matière de financement de projet, ont vocation à influencer tant lu saisie collective que les répartitions qui en découle (première partie). Face au caractère d'ordre public de la procédure collective, le nombre de stratégies permettant d'assurer l 'efficacité des financements structurés en cas de restructuration est limitée. Les montages pourront s'appuyer sur deux méthodes s'appuyer sur des textes dérogatoires (ex : titrisation) ou s'appuyer sur les limites des procédures collectives pour éviter les effets de la faillite (ex : les double Lux co). L'utilisation des limites du droit des procédures collectives ou de régimes spécifiques sera-t-elle suffisante pour échapper aux contraintes des procédures collectives? Cette question se posera tant durant la phase de saisie collective que durant celle des répartitions. Il conviendra donc d'étudier la résistance de financements structurés face à l'épreuve de la procédure collective (seconde partie). / Structured finance seems to be design as a tools to neutralize insolvency procedures. Those financing agreement, used in LBO and in project finance, are intended to influence both the assets seizure and the resulting distributions during the restructuring process (Part 1 ). Most of the time, rules of insolvency procedures are considered binding and should not be impacted by contracts. Therefore, the number of efficient strategies for structured finance in the event of restructuring ore limited. The structure can be based on specific legal status (e.g: securitization) or rely on the limits of insolvency procedures (c.g.: schemes implying Luxemburgish holding). Will contractual forecast defined by structured finance be enforceable during the restructuring process? It will therefore be necessary to study the resistance of structured finance to the constrained or insolvency procedures (second part).
16

Securing LBO VoLTE roaming with multiple Escrow Agents : A dynamic approach to distribute cryptographic keys to Escrow Agents / Ett tillvägagångssätt att säkra LBO VoLTE roaming med flera "Escrow Agents"

Eneroth, Nathanael January 2018 (has links)
The fourth generation cellular mobile broadband, Long-Term Evolution (LTE), provides high speed Internet via Internet Protocol (IP). Today’s wireless infrastructure paves the way to a connected society where high speed Internet is seamlessly available at all times for anyone to use. To achieve this, a mobile service subscriber can no longer be bound to a single network provided by a single operator. Thus, roaming constitutes a key pillar in shaping the connected society Local Breakout (LBO) Voice over Long-Term Evolution (VoLTE) roaming enables a mobile service subscriber to breakout from its home network, and to use network services in a visited network. LBO requires control signalling and user data to be routed over several Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs), thus making mobile service subscriber’s the subject of Lawful Intercept (LI) across multiple networks. This thesis project investigates the possibility of using Multimedia Internet KEYing (MIKEY) and Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol (SRTP) to encrypt the payload of VoLTE media packets. More specifically, a Law Enforcement Monitoring Provider (LEMP) is designed, implemented, and evaluated. LEMP is deployed within a cell phone and serves to distribute cryptographic key shares to Trusted Third Parties (TTPs), i.e. multiple escrow agents, entrusted to store these cryptographic key shares. The result preserves the requirements for LI despite the fact that there may be multiple network operators involved. Moreover, the experiments show that the distribution time depends primarily on network latency rather than the time required to split the cryptographic key in chunks; hence the approach is usable in practice. / Den fjärde generationens mobila bredband, Long-Term Evolution (LTE), möjliggör användandet av höghastighetsinternet över Internet Protocol (IP). Dagens trådlösa infrastrukturer banar väg för ett fritt och lättillgängligt digitalt samhälle där alla kan vara uppkopplade samtidigt. För att uppnå global trådlös infrastruktur måste mobilabonnenten ha möjlighet att utnyttja flera andra trådlösa nätverk än det nätverk som teleoperatören binder dem till. Därför utgör fri roaming en viktig del i utvecklingen av framtidens globala trådlösa infrastrukturer. Local Breakout (LBO) Voice over Long-Term Evolution (VoLTE) är en roamingarkitektur som gör det möjligt för en mobilabonnent att kopplas upp från en teleoperatörs nät till en annans. LBO kräver att kontrollsignaler och användardata skickas mellan flera operatörer innan trafiken når sitt mål, och därmed utsätts mobilabonnenten för laglig avlyssning av elektronisk information på flera platser samtidigt. Det här examensarbetet undersöker möjligheten att använda Multimedia Internet KEYing (MIKEY) och Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol (SRTP) för att kryptera mediatrafik i VoLTE. Under arbetets gång utvecklas och utvärderas en Law Enforcement Monitoring Provider (LEMP). LEMP är placerad i en mobiltelefon och distribuerar delar av krypteringsnycklar till flera betrodda tredje parter (till flera escrow agents). Detta gör det möjligt att uppfylla kraven för laglig avlyssning av elektronisk information även när flera teleoperatörer avlyssnar användardata och kontrollsignaler. Resultatet visar att distribueringstiden primärt beror på nätverkslatens, och inte på den tid det tar att fördela krypteringsnyckeln i mindre delar. Därför kan den här metoden användas i praktiken.
17

A Study of the Characteristics of Firms Undergoing Leveraged Buyouts in Europe / En studie av egenskaperna hos de bolag som genomgår leveraged buyouts i Europa

ELMBERGER, HENNING, MALLY, FABIAN January 2018 (has links)
In this thesis we examine the shared characteristics of companies that undergo leveraged buyouts from public markets in Europe between 2005-2015 and whether credit markets have an impact on these characteristics. This is done by conducting logistical regressions on public data and through interviews with industry professionals. Our results indicate that companies that undergo leveraged buyouts from public markets have low financial liquidity and are undervalued, while high free cash flow, potential tax savings and pre-acquisition debt levels were found to be insignificant. Credit markets are found to have a profound effect on the characteristics that are sought after by private equity firms, as the statistical analysis give different significant variables depending on the state of the credit market, which is in line with the interview results. In good credit markets, potential financial distress costs are higher for bought out companies than the control group, while in bad credit markets a strong growth potential and undervaluation are the significant characteristics. The interviews also showed that investment professionals focus more on qualitative aspects, e.g. competitive advantage, when evaluating an investment opportunity, while the financial characteristics play a subdued role / I denna uppsats undersöker vi de delade karaktäristika hos företag som genomgår leveraged buyouts från de publika marknaderna i Europa mellan år 2005 och 2015, och huruvida dessa gemensamma drag skiljer sig åt beroende på tillståndet på kreditmarknaden. För att göra detta genomförs logistiska regressioner på publik data och intervjuer med industrierfarna. Våra resultat indikerar att företag som genomgår leveraged buyouts från publika marknader har låg finansiell likviditet och är undervärderade, medan höga kassaflöden, potentiella skattebesparingar och skuldnivåer inte särskiljer dem. Kreditmarknader visar sig ha en stor effekt på de karaktäristika som sökes av riskkapitalbolag, då den statistiska analysen ger olika signifikanta variabler beroende på tillståndet på kreditmarknader. Detta styrks också av intervjusvar. I goda kreditmarknader är potentiella kostnader av finansiella problem (financial distress) högre för de företag som köps upp än för kontrollgruppen. I dåliga kreditmarknader är en god tillväxtpotential och undervärdering särskiljande för de bolag som blir uppköpta. Intervjuerna visade också att investerare fokuserar mer på kvalitativa aspekter, såsom konkurrensfördelar, när de utvärderar en investeringsmöjlighet, medan finansiella karaktäristika är faktorer de utvärderar i andra hand.
18

Leveraged acquisition finance / Leveraged acquisition finance

Hrouda, Jiří January 2010 (has links)
Main interest of this diploma thesis is a transaction known as leveraged acquisition. The goal is to provide detailed overview of these transactions starting from history and development of leveraged acquisitions, key market participants, acquisition financing, leveraged acquisition market and its current trends and analysis of a fictional transaction using advanced financial model. Due to the limited extent of the thesis not all aspects of debt financing and modeling could have been covered in the text.
19

What determines leverage in leveraged buyouts? : A study of debt levels in European LBOs

Gille, Evelina, Karlsson, Josefine January 2019 (has links)
This paper examines the main drivers of leverage levels in private equity-sponsored leveraged buyouts (LBOs). In order to find out what drives LBO leverage, we analyse deal financing of 71 European LBO deals completed between 2005 and 2015. By conducting univariate t-test and multiple regression analysis, we analyse the predictive power of a number of classical capital structure determinants (i.e. firm-specific factors) on levels of debt financing in LBOs. In addition, the state of the credit market is considered as a potential determinant of LBO leverage. We find that credit market conditions have a significant effect on levels of debt financing in LBOs and suggest that the market timing theory can explain LBO leverage better than classical leverage determinants, i.e. firm specific factors derived from classical capital structure theories. The results also indicate a negative relationship between target firms’ tax rate and LBO leverage. We also find that target firms’ free cash flow prior to buyout has no significant impact on leverage in LBOs, something that contradicts much previous research.
20

Leveraged Buyouts: The Predictive Power of Target Firm Characteristics

Jiang, Yutao (James) 01 January 2019 (has links)
This paper utilizes a hazard model to predict the probability of leveraged buyout transactions for public firms. Rather than testing specific hypotheses, this paper incorporates all plausible predictors identified in existing literature to better delineate the effects of different characteristics. Largely confirming past results, I find that LBO transactions are more likely to occur for companies with more stable cash flows, less market visibility, lower market valuation, lower ownership concentration and lower costs of financial distress. By including LBO transactions from 1980 to September 2018, I find preliminary evidence that since the financial crisis of 2008 – 2009, private equity firms have modified their selection criteria when sourcing LBO deal targets.

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