本論文從詞彙語義的角度探討二語英語中的低被動化現象。本文將就常見的低被動化英語動詞，以動詞語義為基礎，進行類型劃分及解析。通過審視一個香港學習者語料庫中的低被動化結構，本文將確定二語英語中低被動化結構的性質以及分佈情況。基於一組因果及物性的語義特徵，語料庫中經常被學習者低被動化的動詞，將劃分為四類型：一）改變位置動詞，二）三方動詞，三）動態效應動詞，及四）非施事動詞；四主類型再劃分為九次類型。本論文將以語義特徵，例如力傳遞、因果關係和結束點，詳細解析每個低被動化動詞。這項就二語英語中低被動化動詞的類型劃分，不單能夠從語義的角度解析低被動化現象，亦可以用作分析其他與語態有關的二語現象，如泛被動化，以及應用於語言教學。 / This dissertation is a lexical semantic study of underpassivized verbs in L2 English. By adopting a verb-oriented and meaning-based approach to underpassivization, this study produces a lexical semantic classification and analysis of frequently underpassivized verbs. A Hong Kong learner corpus is examined in order to determine the nature and extent of underpassivized constructions in L2 English. Based on a set of semantic features of cause-effect transitivity, underpassivization-prone verbs in the corpus are classified into four types, namely 1) Change of position verbs, 2) Tripartite verbs, 3) Dynamic effect verbs and 4) Non-agentive verbs. A total of nine sub-types are identified, and each verb is analyzed according to semantic features such as force transmission, causation, affectedness and telicity. The typology not only provides a lexical semantic account of L2 underpassivization but can also be applied to analyze other voice-related L2 phenomena such as overpassivization and to inform pedagogical practices. / The present study is an initial attempt to apply findings from lexical semantics to the description and explanation of learner errors. Previous studies mainly regard L2 underpassivization as a syntactic phenomenon that can be accounted for using transfer, and argue that L2 underpassivization is the result of the transfer of the topic-comment structure in L1s such as Chinese and Japanese to English (Yip 1995). The transfer theory overlooks the role verb meaning plays in voice-related errors, and is limited in its ability to explain the L2 phenomenon fully. This study investigates underpassivization as a lexical semantic phenomenon, drawing from previous works on proto-roles (Dowty 1991), event structure (Croft 1994) and transitivity (Hopper & Thompson 1980; Tsunoda 1985), and following the tradition in lexical semantics of analyzing verb meaning based on argument alternations (Pinker 1989; Levin 1993). It is believed that when learners underpassivize verbs, they are detransitivizing and decausativizing an originally transitive event. Using the features of cause-effect transitivity, the study shows that reduced transitivity will cause problems for learners in their construal of the event’s cause-effect relation and hence their allocation of thematic roles in the verb’s argument structure, resulting in underpassivization. It is hoped that by focusing on argument structure and event dynamics, this study can offer insights into the impact of verb meaning in the construal of transitivity and the use and misuse of grammatical voice. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Wong, Suzanne Shu-Shan. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-235). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Wong, Suzanne Shu-Shan.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 253-256. / by Maria Luisa Zubizarreta. / Ph.D.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar alguns aspectos do comportamento morfolexical e semântico de formantes prefixais, previamente registrados ou não pelas obras de referência de nossa língua, empregados na formação de unidades lexicais neológicas do português brasileiro contemporâneo. Como corpus de extração, selecionamos 89 blogs variados da internet veiculados, durante o ano de 2014, pelo portal UOL, pelo site do jornal Folha de S. Paulo e pela página da revista Veja. A metodologia empregada para a conferência do caráter neológico às formações prefixais recolhidas envolveu o processamento dos textos pela ferramenta computacional Extrator de Neologismos, utilizada pelo projeto TermNeo (FFLCHUSP), e a verificação da existência ou não dessas formações em três dicionários de língua geral: HOUAISS (versão eletrônica), AURÉLIO (versão eletrônica) e MICHAELIS (versão online). A diversidade inerente aos prefixos, de que resulta a histórica incerteza sobre ser a prefixação processo derivacional ou composicional, levou-nos a buscar uma análise que, de certo modo, privilegiasse justamente as idiossincrasias de cada formante prefixal. Sendo assim, guiados pela teoria do protótipo (ROSCH, 1973; 1975, apud CANÇADO, 2015; GEERAERTS, 2006, apud MARONEZE, 2011; GONÇALVES, 2012), propusemos a criação de um continuum de prefixidade, no qual os prefixos reais pudessem ser, após comparação de suas características às do protótipo, identificados como mais ou menos prefixais. / This research aims to study some morphological, lexical and semantic aspects of the prefixes, considered or not by the lexicographic and grammar traditions, used to create neologisms in the contemporary Brazilian Portuguese. We selected 89 blogs as the extraction corpus of our study. These blogs were published, during 2014, by three important Brazilian journalistic websites: UOL, Folha de S. Paulo and Veja magazine. In order to recognize the lexical unities as neologisms or not we first submitted the texts to Extrator de Neologismos, a software used within TermNeo project (FFLCH-USP), and then we verified the existence of the words selected by the software in three different dictionaries: HOUAISS (electronic version), AURÉLIO (electronic version) and MICHAELIS (online version). The diversity since always presented by the prefixes, which historically divided the studies into those that consider prefixation as derivational process and those that consider it as composicional process, made us to look for an analytical point of view that privileged exactly the idiosyncrasies of each prefix. So, guided by the prototype theory (ROSCH, 1973; 1975, apud CANÇADO, 2015; GEERAERTS, 2006, apud MARONEZE, 2011; GONÇALVES, 2012), we proposed the creation of a prefixity continuum, in which the real prefixes could be, after the comparison between them and the prototype prefix, identified as more or less prefixal.

Não custa resumo na publicação. / Abstract not avaible

Lexical acquisition requires the ability to identify word boundaries in a continuous auditory speech stream. This complex task is even more challenging when learning a new language in adulthood. Previous studies have shown that word boundary identification can be enhanced by pairing musical tones with native language phonemes. The objective of this dissertation study was to investigate whether musical tones also have this effect in a novel pseudo-language that uses non-native speech sounds. The N400, a brain event-related potential that has been linked with familiarity responses and detection of statistical regularities during exposure to pseudowords, provides an index of brain activation associated with semantico-lexical processing. In this study, language-like stimuli incorporating a French phoneme (a high, front, rounded vowel that is not part of the English phonetic inventory) were presented to typically developing English monolingual adults. Participants were presented to one of two types of exposure conditions for 7 minutes: monotone presentation of the concatenated language-like stimuli; or the same speech stream with a musical tone associated with each syllable. The exposure protocol was based on Schön, Boyer, Moreno et. al. (2008). Exposure was followed by a lexical decision task, requiring participants to distinguish “words” (heard during the exposure in a concatenated speech stream) from “part words” (end of one word and the beginning of another, crossing word boundaries). High-density EEG was recorded during the lexical decision and analyzed offline to determine N400 event-related responses to the stimuli in each condition. Although behavioral measures did not reveal any significant differences between groups or conditions, we found a N4 significantly different response to “partword” in the tone-exposed group, compared to the monotone. This difference only occurred in a frontal region with a right-hemisphere bias, and was not found to be significant over the left hemisphere. This difference suggests that participants in the tone group were supported in differentiating “words” from “partwords”, supporting the view that the inclusion of tonal information is beneficial in the early stages of L2 lexical learning.

Orientador: Odilon Helou Fleury Curado / Banca: Jeane Mari Sant'Ana Spera / Banca: Antonieta Laface / Banca: Marlene Durigan / Banca: Antonio Luciano Pontes / Conteúdo: v. 1. Vocabulário do futebol na mídia impressa : o glossário da bola - v. 2. Vocabulário do futebol na mídia impressa : o glossário da bola : A - D - v. 3. Vocabulário do futebol na mídia impressa : o glossário da bola : E - O - v. 4. Vocabulário do futebol na mídia impressa : o glossário da bola P - Z / Resumo: A partir de uma investigação sistemática sobre a mídia impressa contemporânea brasileira, em suas modalidades convencional e sistema on line, com ênfase para o eixo Rio-São Paulo, procedeu-se a um levantamento das constantes lexicais empregadas, especificamente, na linguagem particular do futebol. O corpus, foco de análise, foi constituído pelo material lingüístico coletado junto à imprensa escrita, em um recorte espacial compreendido no período de 1995 e 2005. Partindo desse acervo lingüístico procurou-se historiar, definir e estudar a prática do futebol, enfocando sua condição de esporte de massa, caracterizando-o, portanto, como um fenômeno social. A forma da escritura, da divulgação de notícias e comentários, envolvendo o universo do futebol, através da imprensa especializada ou não, recebeu uma abordagem investigativa envolvendo itens lexicais da língua comum que integram a linguagem do futebol: elementos autóctones, os vocábulos próprios, pertencentes ao domínio da prática do esporte: os tecnoletos, constituídos por estrangeirismos, decalques, empréstimos e vocábulos de diversas áreas do conhecimento humano que migraram por associação semântica, constituindo-se, por vezes, em uma modalidade de linguagem técnica de caráter banalizado. O processo de criação neológica foi, também, objeto de reflexões e, é exposto, na segunda parte do trabalho, que é constituído por glossário com 3.360 verbetes relativo ao universo do futebol, com notas elucidatórias sobre a gênese dos itens léxicos, constantes das abonações, além de informações gramaticais, etimológicas e enciclopédicas, acerca de cada unidade-entrada. / Abstract: This research aimed at investigating frequent words used to report written news on football. A systematic investigation was conducted in collecting data from Brazilian contemporary printed press and online counterpart, mainly Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo press. The systematized corpus was collected from written press from 1995 to 2005. This corpus was used to research football as a popular sport thus a social practice from a historical perspective. Written texts used to express football news and commentaries by specialized and non-specialized were analyzed and classified: vernacular terms, jargon, common language lexical used in football register, borrowings, literal translation, and words of several human knowledge areas which are integrated by semantics connected. In the second part of the research result, the process of neologism was also analyzed and a glossary 3,360 of football terms was reported with an explanation of each term origin, including grammatical, etymological and encyclopedic information and citation sources. / Doutor

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-23T11:13:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Dayanny Marins Coelho - 2018.pdf: 2193861 bytes, checksum: f31978729d7d4adfe853e3b5e18ee259 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-23T14:50:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Dayanny Marins Coelho - 2018.pdf: 2193861 bytes, checksum: f31978729d7d4adfe853e3b5e18ee259 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-23T14:50:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Dayanny Marins Coelho - 2018.pdf: 2193861 bytes, checksum: f31978729d7d4adfe853e3b5e18ee259 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-07 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The interest in the subject first came from the observation of the intense linguistic variety that is verified in the internet by users of all kinds in diverse media, especially in the site of relationships Facebook, thus starting from the importance between the relations between lexicon, society and cyberculture. Thus, the purpose of this study is to describe and analyze borrowed English-based neologisms (which contain at least one English-language morpheme in its composition) that have their occurrence verified in one of the indicated social networks. For this, it is anchored theoretically in the domains of lexical studies, since part of the premise that neology is not grammar, neology is lexical, lexical phenomenon, more specifically, is lexical expansion. This paper is based on Barbosa (1990), Biderman (1996), Nebot (2001), Welker (2004) Camacho (2008), Basílio (2011), Siqueira (2014, 2015) to review concepts and definitions of Lexicology, lexical, lexical unit, in the sense of revising and redirecting conceptions, because within the scope of the ability to create words by the speaker, now in network, linguistic phenomena occur at levels as a whole, depending on the motivation or even the context: morphological, syntactic , semantic, pragmatic. A priori, this study assumes that the lexicon is probably the aggregator of those grammatical aspects that are limited to neologisms, whether simple words or not. The methodology consists of the combination of procedures that have in the methods of qualitative approach their support. Thus, it seeks to combine methods that evidence the internet as "culture", as "cultural artifact", with some steps of the ethnographic research carried out for the Internet environment, andsome procedures of netnography, searching for data that are yet to emerge, expressions brand new in a support also relatively new if it is considered that the internet can be both object of research and place of research as well as the research tool. / O interesse pelo tema adveio, primeiramente da observação da intensa variedade linguísticas que se verifica na internet por usuários de todos os tipos em diversas mídias, especialmente no site de relacionamentos Facebook, assim partindo da importância entre as relações entre léxico, sociedade e cibercultura. Posto isso, o objetivo deste estudo se constitui em descrever e analisar neologismos por empréstimo, de base inglesa, (que contenham pelo menos, um morfema da língua inglesa em sua composição) que tenham sua ocorrência verificada em uma das redes sociais indicadas. Paratanto, ancora-se teoricamente nos domínios dos estudos lexicais, uma vez que parte da premissa que neologia não é gramática, neologia é léxico, é fenômeno lexical, mais especificamente, é ampliação do léxico. Pauta-se assim em Barbosa (1990), Biderman (1996), Nebot (2001), Welker (2004) Camacho (2008), Basílio (2011), Siqueira (2014, 2015), para revisar conceitos e definições de Lexicologia, de unidade lexical, de léxico, no sentido de rever e redirecionar concepções, pois no âmbito da capacidade de criação de palavras pelo falante, agora em rede, ocorrem fenômenos linguísticos em níveis como um todo, dependendo da motivação ou mesmo do contexto: morfológicos, sintáticos, semânticos, pragmáticos. A priori, este estudo assume que provavelmente, o léxico seja o agregador desses aspectos gramaticais que se circunscrevem aos neologismos, sejam palavras simples, ou não. A metodologia consiste da combinação de procedimentos que têm nos métodos de abordagem qualitativa seu suporte. Assim, procura combinar métodos que evidenciem a internet como “cultura”, como “artefato cultural”, com alguns passos das pesquisas de cunho etnográfico levadas para o ambiente da internet, e alguns procedimentos da netnografia, buscando dados que ainda estão por surgir, expressões novíssimas num suporte também, relativamente novo se se considerar que a internet pode ser tanto objeto de pesquisa quanto local de pesquisa como também a ferramenta de pesquisa.

Não custa resumo na publicação. / Abstract not avaible

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Psychology / Master / Master of Philosophy

This thesis tests the early incorporation of prosodic information during on-line processing of ambiguous word pairs such as Packing cases. The word pair is syntactically ambiguous between a noun or verb phrase interpretation. However, the two interpretations are prosodically distinct. An on-line, cross-modal, response-time task found that subjects disambiguated the word pairs using prosodic information. Experiment 2 swapped the timing,f_o and amplitude of the noun phrase versions with the verb phrase versions. If prosodic information were guiding parsing, swapping the prosody of the alternatives should change subjects' parses of the word-pairs. Subjects interpreted the cross-synthesised noun phrases as verb phrases and the crosssynthesised verb phrases as noun phrases. This provides additional evidence in favour of early prosodic processing. Experiment 3 tested whether subjects' ability to differentiate the two forms would be affected by flattening the f_o of the word pairs. Subjects' ability to disambiguate the word pairs was reduced by flattening the f_o of the stimuli. Again, this provides evidence in favour of f_o guiding parsing. Experiment 4 investigated the perceptual salience of prosodic information in the absence of lexical information, by testing parsing of delexicalised versions of the same wordpairs. Subjects continued to disambiguate the stimuli. This indicates that prosody can guide parsing even without lexical information. The results of the four experiments provide strong evidence in favour of the early incorporation of prosodic information in parsing: prosodic information can influence on-line parsing even in the presence of contradictory syntactic and spectral preferences; and in the absence of lexical information. This thesis concludes that the results of the experiments support strong interaction models of processing.