Contractual copyright law A theme of the diploma thesis is the contractual copyright law. The main purpose of this thesis is to provide an overview of the contractual copyright law, mainly focused on the copyright license agreement. The thesis consists of seven chapters. The first chapter describes sources of the contractual copyright law. It consists of four parts which introduce elemental international sources, European Union law, constitutional regulations and primary and secondary legislation. The second chapter explains basic terms of the copyright law, which are necessary for better comprehension of the contractual copyright law. The third and the fourth chapter are crucial parts of the thesis. The third chapter generally explains licenses and its division to contractual, legal and compulsory licenses. This part is also an introduction for the fourth chapter which is a core of the thesis and deals with the copyright license agreement. In the fourth chapter, license agreement is described from its conclusion to termination (e.g. withdrawal of the agreement or unilateral termination of the agreement). Besides conclusion and termination, this chapter describes parts, purpose, subject and content of the contract. The fourth chapter also analyses obligatory and facultative terms of the license...

Protection of Computer Games and Video Games Abstract The topic of this thesis is the legal protection of computer games and video games. Its main goal is to analyse the Czech law of video game protection and to figure out if the current state of legislation is sufficient enough considering the quick growth of the gaming industry by comparing it to the legislation in other countries and pondering de lege ferenda possibilities. The secondary goal of this study is to serve as a brief and practical guide for game creators who are having a hard time with regards to legal protection of their own creations. The thesis does not only revolve around the Czech national law, but it also deals with international law and Community law upon which the Czech law is based. The thesis is divided into six parts. The first part lays down the main goals of the study and possible ways of achieving them. The second part goes through the most important theoretical concepts, terminology and video game history, through which it introduces the reader to video games. The third part focuses on international treaties potentially applicable to video game protection, on the US law, and finally on the European Union law and the law in a few specific European countries. The fourth part introduces in detail all the possible legal forms of...

T h e s i s o n A u d i o v i s u a l w o r k s - A b s t r a c t The thesis deals with the legal regulation of audiovisual works in the Czech legal order. The thesis analyzes this legislation in detail with regard to the audiovisual experience, and also discusses some of the practical issues arising during the production and use of audiovisual works. In the introduction to the thesis, individual sources of legal regulation of audiovisual works are listed and also the key issues covered by the thesis. The first chapter defines the term of "an audiovisual work" and it also focuses on the development of the legal definition of this term. The second chapter is regarding the author of an audiovisual work; it describes who was considered to be an author of the audiovisual work in the past and who is considered to be an author under the current legislation. The third chapter defines another important term of the legal regulation of audiovisual works, namely so-called "works audiovisually used" (works which are used in the audiovisual work). It is also regarding the authors of works audiovisually used. The term "works audiovisually used" as such is not defined by Czech law and therefore its interpretation results in frequent inconsistencies. This thesis tries to find solution for these interpretation differences....

The goal of this thesis was to show the basic issues of copyright in the area of works of art with pointing out a special treatment, which is paid to these works on the basis of specific characteristics resulting from the nature of a work of art. The main specifics are immediate connection of works with its material expression. The introduction of thesis outlines the concept of copyright and its sources. It deals with main principles of copyright and an author as a person.This chapter also includes a part devoted to the subject of copyright, which is author's work, and a part devoted to characteristic features of a work of art. The following chapter is devoted to the rights of the author, which arise by creating of a work of art and subsequently during the use of the work. It contains a division of rights to the personality and property ones in which it devotes to the right to use the work of art and mainly to the right to remuneration during resale of it. The Copyright Act provides to use a work of art without authorization granted by an author and these issues are dealt with mainly in the chapter of constructive use of the works of art. The License Agreement providing the right to use a work is the basic institute in law enforcement. A properly drafted licence contract prevents possible disputes...

知識經濟時代的來臨，財富的創造已不是來自土地與勞工等傳統生產要素，而是在於知識的創造與累積，台灣土地貧瘠、缺乏天然資源，但擁有豐富的科技人力資源，能有效運用這些知識資本，將是台灣經濟發展的重要關鍵。大學研究經費豐足、聚集博士級以上頂尖研究人才、其研究領域多屬前瞻、初期階段的發現，雖具開發成為新產品或服務之潛力，但現階段未必為業界所青睞的應用科技解決方案。如何尋求具備遠見，願擔風險投入早期技術研發的合作廠商，建立長期的合作關係，將大學強大的研發能量擴散、釋放到民間，有效地將政府資助大學所得的研發成果，移轉予產業界進行商業化的步驟，是促進產業升級經濟發展的重要機制。 是以近年來各國極力推動產學間的合作，希冀在大學知識傳授與探索研究之基本任務仍得確保的前提下，建立有效的技術授權機制，將學界創新研發的能量，引導入產業界，協助產業提升創新研發之競爭力，同時也能為學校的研發成果創造新的價值，而達產學雙贏的局面。 授權契約是技術移轉流程的最後一步，但往往為人忽視，前階段的評估協商與最後的擬約訂約被切割處理，特別在欠缺法務資源的大學技轉單位，簽訂授權契約時，僅使用制式、簡陋之契約範本，填入授權時間、授權金、權利金、授權標的等項目，少就契約文字進行訂正，並檢視契約範本設計之用字遣詞是否符合該次授權協議談判之內容。在此背景下，本研究即欲將策略思考帶進契約的設計，探討大學技術授權之策略考量，以及如何將之轉化成契約文字，使技術授權之目的能被落實。 本研究試圖從探討產學合作之機制與困難、大學技術移轉模式相關之豐富文獻中，整理出大學技術移轉授權的策略考量，並進一步分析在確定策略考量與策略目標之下，可能的授權模式為何，各種授權模式在實際運用時常遭遇何種的困難，這些困難是否能透過契約設計之安排，使技術移轉的策略目標順利達成。接著將進一步以美國技轉績效傲人的史丹福大學，與台灣研發能量最豐、學術資源最足的台灣大學兩校之授權契約範本作為研究個案，比較契約設計的應然與實然。 本研究透過對我國與美國技術授權相關文獻的分析，並以美國史丹佛大學與國立台灣大學之契約範本作為個案研究對象，歸納整理後得出結論為台灣各大學因為技轉的風氣未盛，契約的使用量與重要性自然被嚴重低估，我國大學並未設計與其策略與發展領域、特色相符的契約範本，大部分都直接沿用國科會提供之契約範本，契約條款的設計不夠細緻，容易流於只是策略的宣示，未能透過交易條件的安排達到授權策略預設的目標。相較美國史丹福大學因技轉風氣興盛，契約的類型發展成熟，契約內容與授權策略高度呼應，使授權的進行與大學原始的教學研究使命可以相輔相成。我國大學之技術授權契約存在很大的改善空間。 本研究建議大學應制訂明文之技轉策略書，向廠商宣傳大學技術授權之使命，並儘快對現行使用契約之契約進行撤底檢視與修正，完備契約範本的內容，可以有效增進締約的效率，同時可以思考契約作為宣傳性質的工具，例如因應技術特性，設計技術移轉的定型化契約，讓潛在被授權人清楚瞭解大學技術授權契約的交易條件，透過網路將完整的資訊揭露與友善便宜的締約程序，以有效提高的授權活動的效率與成功率。 / In knowledge based economy, how to create and accumulate knowledge assets dominates the fortune-making. Taiwan is short of natural resources but full of technology human reseources. Hence, how to apply knowledge adequately become the key factor to improve Taiwan’s economic growth. The abundant funds and outstanding research professionals are the advantages of university. However, the researches usually belong to early-stage ones and hardly meet the practical needs of industries. Universities need foresighted industry partners who is willing to risk investing in technology commercialization. University-Industry Cooperation is the important mechanism that helps the industry development through knowledge transfer. Thus, governments encourage enthusiastically the cooperation between university and industry. The target of Univeristy-Industry Cooperation is to assure the essential function of education and research of the university and build up an effective mechanism of technology licensing to introduce academic R&D energy into the industry. The cooperation can thus enhance the innovation competency of industry and create new value for the R&D results of academia, to build a win-win situation. License agreement is the last mile of the whole technology transfer process but its importance is usually ignored. For the limited legal resources of university TTOs (technology transfer office), all Taiwan universities use a formulaic contract provided by NSC (National Science Council) and seldom amend the details to meet their own need for individual transactions. However, licensing approaches, even for comparable technologies, can vary considerably from case to case. This thesis will bring licensing strategy into contract design, analyze university licensing strategy, and elaborate the transformation from strategy to contract for the purpose of technology licensing. This paper reviews literatures concerning university-industry cooperation and the technology transfer models and outlines university licensing strategy. The discussion further elaborate goals of licensing, possible licensing models and pathways, and find out the difficulties during license process. The design of contract also try to solve all these problems and fulfill the purpose of technology transfer. The thesis also compare the difference between the ideal and practice of licensing contract design through the study of contract format of Stanford University and National Taiwan University. Through the studies, the thesis propose that the significance of licensing contract is much underestimated due to the immaturity of university-industry license transactions in Taiwan. Unlike universities in the U.S., Taiwan’s universities do not design licensing contracts according to their licensing strategy and academic developments. The disregard of contract design will cause the impracticality of licensing strategy and thus be unable to achieve the original goal of technology transfer. A mature contract design which corresponds to the licensing strategy will connect the technology transfer to the academic research purpose, which can be observed in the case of Stanford University. This paper suggests that universities should set up a clear licensing strategy book of their own and widely announce to industry. Taiwan universities should reform the contract format as soon as possible and learn to take licensing contracts as a marketing tool, to promote a model contract for special technology licensing with detail information on it, to help potential licensee to understand the bargaining condition of the contract. Universities can provide complete information and easier contracting process through the internet, to improve the efficiency and prosperity of technology transfer.

The work provides the basic knowledge and principles of operation of the franchise business methods. In theory explains the path which leads to a formation of franchise system, from creation of conception to signing of franchise contract. The introduction captures dedicate to development of franchising from the very beginning, explains the basic concepts and the nature of franchise, advantages and disadvantages that brings stakeholders and briefly describes the legal environment in Czech republic. The following is a detailed description, step by step, leading to a creation of a franchise system and signing of franchise contract. The work deals with the content of franchise agreements, clarifying the role of franchise associations and Ethical Code in developing this type of business.

長期以來，商業交易多半是單純為取得某種物品或權利，由交易雙方協商並訂立合約，如買方為取得房地而願給付價金，賣方為取得金錢乃願出售房屋。然而二十世紀之後，經濟型態的轉變為交易的內容帶來了重大的轉變，智慧財產權的讓與或授權交易漸趨熱門，在商業經營中時時刻刻上演。如同典型的交易一樣，就取得權利者而言，其願意將所有的專利、商標、著作權等權利加以利用，以獲取金錢利益；反之，欲利用者則透過與權利擁有者訂立合約的方式，將之利用於所生產的商品或服務，增加其邊際效用，獲取更大的利潤。 在此背景之下，智慧財產的讓與或是授權，其交易的型態與方式漸行複雜，對於企業的經營更是有著決定性的影響，加上智慧財產權，可說是法律所創設出來的權利，其異於傳統財產實體的特質，更難以令習慣傳統交易的我們加以掌握，因此有深入研究的必要，本論文即基於此背景，開始關於智慧財產諸多活動中的一個課題-「授權」活動展開研究。 因此，本篇論文研究有以下的目的： 一、 從高科技產業獨特的環境去瞭解智慧財產授權所扮演的角色。 二、 智慧財產授權對於高科技企業經營策略之影響與作用，反之，高科技經營策略之擬定後，是否可以傑由授權達成其目的。 三、 高科技企業在面臨智慧財產授權契約談判時，應如何爭取最佳利益。 四、 高科技企業營運策略中，關於簽訂授權契約可能引發的法律相關議題應如何面對。 本研究即基於上述目的，從法律面及商業管理的角度去探討智慧財產授權活動所引發企業經營的策略意涵，以三個層次分別來說明：一、企業經營層次；二、授權契約談判層次；三、相關法律議題層次。透過三個層次的分析與歸納，本研究針對高科技企業之經營與智慧財產權授權的策略運用提出下列數點之建議： （一） 智慧財產授權是一個複雜的領域，涉及法律、管理、技術等面向，因此我國高科技企業必須走出權利金追索與授權的泥沼中，重新架構授權與企業的經營策略。 （二） 我國高科技企業若欲藉由授權活動予以獲利，則最重要的是將企業轉型為真正的知識型企業，持續研發，蓄積優質的智慧財產權，如此才能將智慧財產授權活動的功用發揮到最大。 （三） 企業應培養相關智慧財產權授權相關人才，並考量是否建制一個獨立的智慧財產授權部門。 （四） 授權契約的簽訂將會影響企業未來研發的發展方向，因此建議企業於簽署授權契約時，必須考量企業本身是否可以自行研發該技術，或是其他替代性技術的可行性，切勿因為被國外的企業一警告，即簽署智慧財產權的授權契約。 （五） 反之，既然專利訴訟需耗費大量的人力、物力、時間與金錢，因此面對專利侵權訴訟時，應考量接受授權的可能性，授權所付出的成本與進行訴訟的成本相較後取其較低者。但是需注意的是，縱使獲得他人授權，然亦不代表會侵害第三人之專利，換言之獲得一家企業的授權，並不表示已經一勞永逸的無侵權可能性。故建議企業在接受專利授權時，必須詳細的評估該專利的範圍。 （六） 授權與智慧財產的保護與執行有緊密的關係，因此企業應加強智慧財產的保護與執行，才可以降低授權活動所面臨的風險。 （七） 智慧財產授權，基於智慧財產的無形性的特性而生，與傳統的有形財產有迥然不同的性質，善加利用智慧財產權的特性，將可使企業擺脫傳統的營業模式，邁向新的獲利境界。建議企業應重新的審視自己所有的智慧資產，加以稽核與評估，結合本研究所提出的授權策略架構，重新思索企業的營運方向與智慧資產的利用是否完善，有效的提升企業的競爭地位，創造更多的經營優勢。

The purpose of this work is to summarize and explain the context around the licenses, license agreements and protection of intangible goods, with the main focus on industrial property, in particular, inventions, designs, utility models and trademarks. The first part is about clasiffication of intangible goods and characteristics of industrial property. Next part deals with the protection of intangible goods, particularly from the international point of view, i.e. international conventions and organizations. It also includes comparison of protection in the three major economic centers - Europe, USA and Japan. Next part deals with the license agreement. From the explanation of the concept of a license, through the reasons leading to such relations, to the procedure of negotiating about the license agreement and its content, including a model of patent licensing agreements.

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Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-06-23T13:23:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FranceleMariscoDireito.pdf: 931023 bytes, checksum: 872d764f1267812fa119026d56782011 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-23T13:23:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranceleMariscoDireito.pdf: 931023 bytes, checksum: 872d764f1267812fa119026d56782011 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-22 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de demonstrar a importância da proteção jurídica da imagem do atleta profissional de futebol frente aos avanços tecnológicos que acarretam situações de riscos à personalidade humana, bem como à investigação da possibilidade relativa de disponibilidade desse direito de personalidade. O problema é que a disponibilidade desse direito, através do contrato de licença de uso de imagem, volta-se geralmente apenas para o aspecto econômico da pessoa em si, não para a valorização da pessoa humana. Dessa forma, impõem a pesquisa e a reflexão sobre o direito à imagem, o qual é considerado um direito de personalidade, com vistas à sua integral proteção. A imagem do jogador de futebol, como sendo um excelente apelo à publicidade, ganhou tamanha importância que a sua imagem chega a se relacionar com o próprio contrato de trabalho, sendo muitas vezes confundido com este. Assim, torna-se necessário delinear os contornos essenciais do direito à imagem, ainda mais por ser um direito típico, reconhecido e protegido pela legislação, não se confundindo com outros direitos da personalidade, em face da sua autonomia. Como o direito à imagem é um direito de personalidade, buscou-se, após uma análise dos direitos de personalidade, obter uma nova dimensão desse direito, centrado na pessoa humana e não no patrimônio, a qual compreenderá as soluções para as lesões ao direito à imagem. E, através do fenômeno da repersonalização do direito privado, deve-se ter o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana como valor guia e princípio supremo da ordem jurídica. Portanto, pretende-se que o direito à imagem do atleta profissional de futebol, venha a ser concretamente protegido pela cláusula geral de tutela e promoção da pessoa humana, com um deslocamento conceitual rumo à pessoa concreta do atleta, principalmente quando se fala na disponibilidade relativa do exercício do direito à imagem tão claramente na imagem dos atletas de futebol. / The thesis is developed in order to demonstrate the importance of legal protection of the image of professional football player because of technological advances, which carry to situations of risk to human personality, as well as this work researches the possible availability of this right of personality. The problem is that the availability of that right, through the license agreement for the use of the image, usually is focused only about the economic aspect of the person itself, not valuing the human being. Therefore, it is required a research and a study about the right of the image, which is understood as a right of personality, in regard of its full protection. The image of a football player, as being a good call for advertising, has gained such importance that his image is related to his own employment contract, and not rarely it is mixed up with this. Thus, it is necessary to point out the essential characteristics on the right of the image, especially because this is distinctive right, recognized and protected by law, not being confused with other rights of personality, for its autonomy. As the right of the image a right of personality, the present work has sought, after an analysis of the rights of personality, a new aspect of this right, focusing on the human being and not on the wealth, that includes solutions for the injuries that may happen in the right of the image. And, through the phenomenon of the repersonalization of the private law, one must have the principle of human dignity as a guide value and supreme principle of the law. Consequently, it is intended that the right of the image of the professional football player will become specifically protected by the general principle of the protection and the promotion of the human being, with a conceptual turn towards the concrete person of the athlete, especially when it comes on the relative availability of the exercise of the right of the image so clearly when it regards the football players.