China's SOE restructuring has always been an important challenge in the country's economic reform. However, despite a growing literature dealing with the macro perspective of China's SOE reform and the large national champions in the country, there have been few attempts to focus on the smaller local SOEs and their employees who also endured all these massive economic and social changes. This study, based on interviewing employees of a once successful small SOE in Suzhou China about their dramatic work-life changes, provides another angle to examine China's SOE reform. It also presents the impacts of the reform measures on a company and, more importantly, on its employees, by allowing the employees to make their own interpretation on the SOE reform and the changes. By doing so, it brings recognition to the employees of China's local SOEs who seemed to be ignored in past studies and connects the macroeconomic policies and reform measures in China's transitional period to a more concrete discussion of the actual individuals involved.

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Begreppet stomi härstammar från grekiska ordet stoma och definieras som mun eller öppning. Det finns olika varianter av stomier, men av alla stomier som utförs i Norden utgör kolostomier cirka 60% av dessa. Det kirurgiska ingreppet som används kallas för Hartmanns operation som innebär att den sjuka delen av tjocktarmen avlägsnas och resterande delen av tarmen konstrueras till en kolostomi. Syfte var att belysa personers upplevelser av en kolostomi. Metoden hade ett induktivt förhållningssätt och resultatartiklarna var kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Artikelsökningarna genomfördes i PubMed och Cinahl. Utifrån dataanalysen presenterades fyra huvudkategorier personers upplevelser av försämrad livskvalité, personers upplevelser av sociala relationer, personers upplevelser av otillräcklig information och personers upplevelser av livsstilsförändringar samt fyra subkategorier, upplevelser av osäkerhet i sociala sammanhang, upplevelser av nära relationer i samband med en kolostomi, att anpassa sina kläder och att anpassa sin kost. Resultatet beskrev att personerna upplevde en försämrad livskvalitet i förhållande till begränsningar i vardagen, påverkan på sociala relationer, livsstilsförändringar och brist på information från vårdgivare. Litteraturstudien kan bidra till en fördjupad kunskap och förståelse för personers upplevelser av en kolostomi. / The word ostomy originates from the Greek word stoma and is defined as mouth or opening. There are different types of stomas, but out of all stomas in Scandinavia approximately 60% of these are colostomies. The procedure that is used for colostomies is called Hartmann's surgery, which means that the diseased part of the intestine is removed and the remaining part is constructed as a colostomy. The aim was to illustrate people’s experiences of a colostomy. The method was based on an inductive approach and qualitative articles. The search was conducted in PubMed and Cinahl. The findings of this study resulted in four main categories, people's experiences of deteriorated quality of life, people's experiences of social relationships, people's experiences of insufficient information and experiences of lifestyle changes and four subcategories, experiences of insecurity in social contexts, experiences of close relationships in relation to a colostomy, to adapt their clothes and to adapt their diet. In conclusion, the results described low quality of life related to limitations in the daily life, impact on social relationships, lifestyle changes and lack of information from healthcare providers. This literature study can contribute in deeper knowledge and understanding of people’s experiences of a colostomy.

This study set out to explore the subjective experience of crises and life changes in the family which precede the onset of schizophrenia. The motivation for it arose from the vulnerability-stress model of schizophrenia which proposes that environmental factors such as stressful life events may help to trigger the onset or exacerbation of symptoms in people who have a genetic vulnerability for the condition. Related research suggests that crises and life changes in the family can contribute to the stress experienced by those who go on to become psychologically disturbed. This has led to an increased interest in accessing the subjective experience of schizophrenia as shared by individuals and their families through the use of narratives to provide alternative perspectives on the condition. Indeed, a growing body of evidence from research conducted with people diagnosed with schizophrenia suggests that the content of their actions and statements can be construed as meaningful and logical in the context of their family and life situations. Four individuals who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia and their families participated in this study. In each case study, two interviews were conducted, one with the individual participant and a second interview with the individual and those members of their family that were willing to attend. The interviews were guided by a semistructured interview schedule and data from the interviews was analysed using content analyses and the most prominent themes were discussed in relation to the literature. The themes in the data describe the participants’ subjective experience of the many crises and life events and change in psychological functioning that precedes the onset of florid psychotic symptoms. These findings suggest that the schizophrenic symptoms of the participants in this study helped to absorb the impact of family stressors and played a fundamental role in keeping the family systems intact. The associated behaviour appeared to sustain the roles in the family as well as long-standing patterns of interaction between the family members. The numerous interacting influences and sheer variation in the experience of just four families indicates that much still needs to be understood about the experience of schizophrenia. It is recommended that future research investigate how the subjective understanding of schizophrenia affects the lives of those affected. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Psychology / unrestricted

Bakgrund: Patienter får stomi av olika anledningar. Oftast beror det på sjukdom eller hälsotillstånd. Att få stomi kan innebära olika utmaningar för patienterna. De kan uppleva ett lidande som ibland blir okontrollerbart. Sjuksköterskan ska bidra med informatik och pedagogik till patienterna för att stärka deras egenvård och autonomi. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa patienters upplevelser av att leva med ileostomi och kolostomi. Metod: Examensarbetet är skriven som en integrerad sammanställning av kvalitativ forskning. Totalt har 15 vetenskapliga artiklar analyserats med hjälp av Fribergs analysmodell i fem steg. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras utifrån två huvudteman: Att vara emotionellt påverkad och Förändrad livsvärld. Resultatet visar att självbilden, den sexuella och psykiska hälsan påverkades till följd av stomin vilket medförde både negativa och positiva känslor hos patienterna. Även stora livsförändringar samt att patienter inte längre var autonoma uppstod som resultat av stomin. Konklusion: Patienter med stomi upplever ofta både sjukdomslidande och vårdlidande, vilket kräver rätt förutsättningar och stöd för egenvård. Sjuksköterskor har en viktig roll i att stödja patienternas autonomi och välbefinnande genom kunskap om stomin och förståelse för deras upplevelser. / Background: Patients get a stoma for various reasons. Most often it is due to illness or health conditions. Having a stoma can present various challenges for patients. They may experience suffering that sometimes becomes uncontrollable. The nurse must contribute with information and pedagogics for the patients to strengthen their self-care and autonomy. Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate the experiences of patients with an ileostomyand colostomy. Method: The thesis is written as an integrated compilation of qualitative research. A total of 15 scientific articles have been analyzed using Friberg's analysis model in five steps. Findings: The results are presented based on two main themes: Being emotionally affected and Changed life-world. The results show that self-image, sexual and mental health were affected as a result of the stoma, which brought about both negative and positive feelings in the patients. Major life changes and the fact that patients were no longer autonomous occurred as a result of the stoma. Conclusion: Patients with a stoma often experience both suffering from illness and suffering from care, which requires the right conditions and support for self-care. Nurses have an important role in supporting patients' autonomy and well-being through knowledge of the stoma and understanding of their experiences.

Bakgrund: Inflammatoriska tarmsjukdomar innefattar Crohns sjukdom och ulcerös kolit. De senaste åren har en ökning av de kroniska sjukdomarna skett bland annat i Sverige. Sjukdomarna går i skov och drabbar olika lager av tarmens slemhinna. För att hjälpa personerna att uppleva hälsa, trots kronisk sjukdom, bör sjuksköterskan känna till hur de upplever det att leva med sjukdomen. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva personers upplevelse av att leva med en inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom. Metod: Vid sökning i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed valdes nio artiklar ut för att användas i studien. Bearbetningen av resultatet inspirerades av innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultaten visade emotionella upplevelser såsom skuld, vanmakt, rädsla, hopp, stress och oro. Sjukdomen gav begränsningar i det dagliga livet i form av att personerna inte kunde delta i aktiviteter, kostrestriktioner, etcetera. Symtomen gav en ständig påminnelse om sjukdomen och ledde till förändrad självbild. Det fanns olika sätt att hantera sin sjukdom på och stöd upplevdes för det mesta positivt. Konklusion: Personerna påverkas av sjukdomarna även när dem är i remission. Närvaro av ett stödjande nätverk har betydelse för personernas dagliga funktion. / Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In recent years, an increase of these chronic diseases occurred partly in Sweden. The diseases are relapsing, and affect different layers of the bowel mucosa. To help the persons to experience health, despite chronic illness, the nurse should be familiar with their perception of living with the disease. Purpose: The purpose of this overview was to describe the persons experiences of living with an inflammatory bowel disease. Method: When searching the databases Cinahl and PubMed, nine articles were selected for use in the study. The processing of the results was inspired by content analysis. Results: The results showed emotional experiences such as guilt, helplessness, fear, hope, stress and anxiety. The disease caused restrictions in daily life such as not being able to participate in activities, dietary restrictions, etcetera. The symptoms gave a constant reminder of the disease and led to altered self-image. There were different ways to manage their illness and support was perceived positively for the most of the time. Conclusion: The persons are affected by the diseases even when they are in remission. The presence of a support network is important for the persons daily functioning.

Diploma work deal with problems of work with life stories of homeless. The aim of the research is analysis of life stories of homeless and analysis of changes in homeless lifes after some time. The data collection was obtained by individual interview and the respondents were searching in the shelters. From the analysis was found some life periods of homelesses lifes and their attitudes and opinions on their situation. Then was found the changes, which came in thein lifes after five months. Then was analyse the question of responsibility of homeless.

Dissertação (Mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental, Instituto de Educação, 2011. / Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-07-08T19:26:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao_tania_vigorito.pdf: 1145765 bytes, checksum: e47fc650a015f9eb9a5c31ed4b4744f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-07-09T19:36:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao_tania_vigorito.pdf: 1145765 bytes, checksum: e47fc650a015f9eb9a5c31ed4b4744f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-09T19:36:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao_tania_vigorito.pdf: 1145765 bytes, checksum: e47fc650a015f9eb9a5c31ed4b4744f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / A práxis educacional vem passando por mudanças significativas com a implementação das tecnologias de informação e comunicação nas escolas. O segmento de nossas ações tende a ser acelerado diante dos avanços tecnológicos e consequentemente somos impulsionados a manter os mesmos processos de reprodução atuante, desvinculando as ações da busca de um conhecimento mais aprofundado, das reflexões críticas. A formação docente torna-se emergente para que as ações na escola integrem as tecnologias às práticas de modo que atribua sentido aos processos de aprendizagem. Buscar compreender essas práticas na formação de professores é fundamental no sentido de trazer para a discussão as perspectivas da educação ambiental diante dos avanços potencializados pelas mídias e tecnologias. Segue-se a premissa de que a relação consensual entre a prática e a teoria são fatores emergentes no diálogo reflexivo para o enfrentamento dos problemas ambientais que a sociedade vivencia. A presente dissertação tem como propósito analisar e discutir as transformações coletivas na ação docente que ocorreram no processo de formação para o uso das mídias na educação. A pesquisa consistiu em abordagem qualitativa de investigação, aplicado ao estudo das relações humanas e das interpretações que fazem sobre o próprio viver, pensar e agir. Para compreender este processo utilizou-se como recurso para coleta de dados os diários de bordo de doze professores participantes do curso de especialização em Mídias na Educação, no polo de Rio Grande, RS. Para a análise dos dados adotou-se os pressupostos teóricos do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo de Lefévre e Lefévre. A análise apontou questões importantes no processo de transformação docente. O coletivo entende como fundamental a reflexão sobre o próprio fazer e o estar junto compartilhando saberes, não saberes, práticas e ações. O estranhamento inicial pelo desconhecimento das tecnologias como ferramenta de ensino potencializou a aproximação no sentimento da cooperação. Os sentidos do que e como fazer fluiram na apropriação do conhecimento sobre mídias e tecnologias na educação. Ao conviver coletivamente na discussão da prática docente para o uso integrado das mídias os professores foram impulsionados a promover mudanças nas suas ações docentes, entendendo como primordial, para que se estabeleçam essas mudanças, que os demais segmentos diretivos da escola sejam repensados. / Educational praxis has gone through significant changes due to the implementation of information and communication technologies in schools. Our actions tend to be fast because of the technological advances. Therefore, we are driven to keep the same ongoing reproduction processes, rather than looking for deeper knowledge and critical reflections. Teacher education programs become necessary so that actions in schools make technologies and practices interact in order to attribute sense to learning processes. Trying to comprehend these practices in teacher education is fundamental since it approaches the perspectives of Environmental Education in relation to the potentialized advances of midias and technologies. It is believed that the consensual relation between practice and theory are emergent factors in a reflexive dialogue which aims at facing environmental problems that society has to deal with. This thesis aims at analyzing and discussing collective changes in teachers‟ work during the process of learning how to use midias in education. This research was a qualitative investigation applied to the study of human relations and of how humans interpret their own lives, thoughts and actions. In order to comprehend this process, data were collected in diaries written by twelve teachers who took part in a course in the especialização in Mídias na Educação, in Rio Grande, RS. Data analysis was carried out by using Lefévre‟s theoretical presuppositions in his Discourse of the Collective Subject. The analysis led to important matters regarding teachers‟ changes. The group believes that it is fundamental to reflect on its actions and to be together to share knowledge, lack of knowledge, practices and actions. The initial lack of familiarization with technologies as teaching tools led to some approximation for cooperation. Feelings towards what to do and how to do were externalized when knowledge about midias and technologies in education came up. Since they had to share discussions about teaching with the use of midias, teachers were motivated to carry out changes in their practices. Thus, it is necessary to think all other school sections over in order to make changes happen.

Att gå från arbetslivet till pension innefattar en av människans största omställningar i livskedet. Det sker idag en stor ökning av den äldre befolkningen i Sverige och därmed även en ökning av andelen pensionärer. Av den anledningen så finns det ett stort intresse av att studera de bidragande faktorerna till en ökad hälsa hos den äldre befolkningen. Detta påvisar också vikten av att öka förståelsen och medvetenheten kring hur pensionärer hanterar den närmsta tiden efter övergången från arbete till pension. Det är därför av betydelse ur ett hälsopedagogiskt perspektiv att belysa hur pensionärer hanterar möjligheter och utmaningar för att kunna uppnå livskvalité i vardagen. Denna studie utgår från en kvalitativ ansats bestående av tio semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod. Resultatet har analyserats utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och ger indikationer om betydelsefulla faktorer som kan bidra till pensionärernas hantering av den närmsta tiden efter övergången. Slutsatsen visar på några av de mest återkommande faktorer som bidrar till ett gott åldrande samt hur yttre faktorer såsom pensionärsorganisationer kan fungera som verktyg för att tillgodose ett hälsosamt pensionärsliv. / The transition from employment to retirement is one of the biggest changes in the human life. There is an ongoing increase in the elderly population in Sweden and thereby an increase of senior citizens. Due to that reason there is a great interest in studying the contributing factors to increased health in the elderly population. The situation also shows the importance of increasing the understanding and awareness concerning the senior citizens ways of coping with the time shortly after retirement. From a health and pedagogical perspective there is a purpose of highlighting how the senior citizens are coping with the challenges and possibilities to be able to achieve quality of life. This study emerges from a qualitative approach consisting of ten semi-structured interviews as a data collection method. Based on a qualitative content analysis the result has been analyzed and gives indicators that significant factors can contribute to the coping of the time period after retirement by the senior citizens. The conclusion shows some of the most reoccurring factors can contribute to aging well and how external factors like retirement unions can serve as a tool to meet a healthy retirement life.

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