Bakgrund: Att få diagnosen diabetes typ 2 innebär ofta stora förändringar i livet som att ha en god kosthållning, förändra motionsvanor och i vissa fall läkemedelsbehandlas. Dessa livsstilsförändringar kan upplevas olika av diabetiker. För att vårdpersonalen ska kunna bemöta och behandla sin patient på bästa sätt behövs förståelse för hur patienten upplever de livsstilsförändringar som sjukdomen kan innebära. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa hur vuxna patienter upplevde de livsstilsförändringar som de genomförde när de fått diagnosen diabetes typ 2. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie gjordes som baserades på 11 artiklar. Teman framkom utifrån artiklarnas innehåll. Resultat: Studien kom fram till följande teman; Kosthållning, Känsla av utanförskap, Läkemedelsbehandling, Positiv förändring i livet och Balans mellan livsstilsförändringar och det dagliga livet. Diskussion: Centrala fynd som framkom i resultatet var att kostförändringen upplevdes som den svåraste livsstilsförändringen samt att de som drabbats av diabetes typ 2 upplevde social isolering. Ett fynd som inte var förväntat var att ett stort antal av de som fått diagnosen diabetes typ 2 kände sig hälsosammare. / Background: Being diagnosed with diabetes type 2 often means major changes in life. Diabetics must have a good diet, exercise habits change and in some cases drug treatment. Diabetics can experience lifestyle changes in various ways. To health care personnel to respond to and treat patients in the best way they need to understand how patients experience the lifestyle changes that the disease may present. Aim: The aim was to elucidate how adult patients experienced the lifestyle changes that they implemented when they were diagnosed with diabetes type 2. Method: A literature review which was based on 11 articles. Themes emerged from the articles content. Results: This study concluded following themes; Diet, Feeling of alienation, Drug treatment, Positive change in life and Balance between lifestyle changes and daily life. Discussion: Key findings that emerged was that the dietary change is perceived as the most difficult lifestyle change and those who are affected by type 2 diabetes are experiencing social isolation. One finding that was not expected was that a large number of those diagnosed with diabetes type 2 felt healthier.

Bakgrund: Hypertoni är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till att besöka primärvården och en av de viktigaste modifierbara riskfaktorerna för hjärt- och kärlsjukdom. Livsstilsbehandling är grunden i all behandling av hypertoni. En stor andel av hypertonipatienter är obehandlade eller når ej behandlingsmål. Ett vårdprogram har därför tagits fram för att förbättra omhändertagandet av hypertonipatienter i primärvården. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka personalens upplevelser och erfarenheter från implementeringen av vårdprogrammet för hypertoni på en vårdcentral. Metod: Studien är en explorativ intervjustudie. Datainsamlingsmetoden var enskilda semistrukturerade intervjuer. Urvalet bestod av nio personer som arbetade på Tierps vårdcentral. Materialet analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Informanterna var positiva till implementeringen av vårdprogrammet. De upplevde att implementeringen av vårdprogrammet för hypertoni skapade struktur och ökade kvaliteten på vårdcentralen. Vårdprogrammet förkortades och anpassades efter lokala förutsättningarna. Rutinerna dokumenterades i ett kvalitetsdokument. Samtliga yrkesgrupper som berördes av förändringarna fanns representerade i den arbetsgrupp som tog fram de lokala rutinerna, inklusive verksamhetschefen själv. En blodtrycksmottagning öppnades där en specialutbildad sjuksköterska arbetar. På så vis kunde utredning och uppföljning av hypertonipatienterna säkerställas, vilket förmodligen gynnar resurssvaga grupper. Implementeringen ledde till ett mer likriktat arbetssätt över hela verksamheten och medförde att livsstilsarbetet kunde utföras mer strukturerat. Utmaningar med att få patienterna till hälsosamtal kvarstår. Uppföljning planeras till hösten 2013. Slutsats: Informanternas upplevelse var att vårdprogrammet för hypertoni skapade struktur och ökade kvaliteten på vårdcentralen. Framgångsfaktorer var bl.a. att ha alla yrkesgrupper representerade arbetsgruppen, inklusive verksamhetschefen själv. Ett hinder för att implementera vårdprogram var att verksamheten är väldigt stor vilket försvårar att kommunicera ut tydlig information till alla enheter. Tidsbristen ses som ett hinder för att kunna följa upp implementeringsarbetet. / Background: Hypertension is one of the most common reasons for visiting primary care and one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle change is the foundation of all treatment of hypertension. Many hypertensive patients are untreated or unsuccessful in reaching treatment goals. Regional guidelines have therefore been developed to improve the care of hypertensive patients in primary care. Purpose: The aim is to study the staff’s experiences of an implementation of regional guidelines for hypertension at a medical centre. Method: The study is an exploratory interview study. Method for data collection was individual semi-structured interviews. The study selection consisted of nine employees at a medical center. The material was analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. Results: The participants were positive to the implementation of the regional guidelines. They experienced that the guidelines created structure and improved the quality at the medical centre. The guidelines were shorted and adjusted to the local settings.  They were documented in a quality document. All involved occupational groups were represented in the workgroup the developed the local routines, including the manager of the medical centre. A nurse reception opened especially for blood pressure patients, led by a specially trained nurse.   Success factors were to have all the professions represented in the work group, including the manager. Guidelines were shortened and localized with the best of the patient in favor. A nurse led practice was created to ensure that the guidelines are followed. The work resulted in a more consistent way of work and a more standardized way to work with life style. Challenges in making patients come to lifestyle counseling persist. An evaluation of the implementation is planned to take place autumn 2013.  Conclusion: They experienced that the guidelines created structure and improved the quality at the medical centre. A success factor was to have all occupational groups represented in the work group, including the manager. An obstacle was that the medical centre is very big which obstruct clear communication.  Lack of time was an obstacle for ensuring evaluation.

A Study of Female Managers¡¦ Coping Behavior with Work-Family Conflicts in Terms of Sex-Role Attitudes, Life-Style and Job Involvement Abstract In terms of human resources, female managers has come into a spotlight for their outstanding professional performance, efficiency and competitiveness in today¡¦s business world. According to the 10 managerial roles defined by Mintzberg(1973), female managers are required to take greater responsibility and spend longer working hours at their managerial job. Furthermore, family role expectations also require a female manger¡¦s time and energy. Therefore the fact that multiple role-demands compete a female manager¡¦s limited time is seen, and it is found that female managers are considered to face work-family conflicts more than their female counterparts working at the non-management level. The focus of this dissertation is based on the time-based interrole conflict proposed by Greenhaus & Beutell(1985) and is in accordance with three types of coping behaviors suggested by Hall(1972). This study was conducted in terms of sex-role attitudes, life-style and job involvement to understand how these factors interact with each other, affecting a female manager¡¦s coping behavior as a whole. Furthermore, how each of these factors affects a female manager¡¦s coping behavior with work-family conflicts is also discussed. Four Taiwanese female managers, who are working at the senior management level are interviewed, producing the quantitative data in this study. A case study approach was utilized and a semi-structured interview framework was used based on three factors mentioned above. This study concluded that sex-role attitudes, life-style and job involvement indeed affect a female manager¡¦s behavior to cope with work-family conflicts. It also suggested that better supportive organizational programs, sensitive family supports, and self-identity-clarified by a female manager herself- will aide them in handling work and family obligations, and will provide a ¡§no trouble back home¡¨ environment, allowing them to devote themselves to their managerial work. Keywords: sex-role attitudes, life-style, job involvement, work-family conflict, coping behavior

In relation to the women¡¦s consumption gradually increasing, the female consumption market is becoming larger than before. In the current media, definitions of beauty image created by the media has become the standards of self-examination, it even has great influences on female consumption preference. Thus, this study aims to investigate what kind of female image the female beauty TV program represents¡H What is the relationship between the female images represented by female beauty TV program and the cognition of beauty of female audiences? And what affects the level of exposure in TV program and the life style of the female consumers influence has on the female audiences¡¦ cognition of beauty¡H This primary research expects to describe the relationship between the female images shaped by TV medias and the cognition of beauty of female audiences. Since the start of female beauty program Queen in TVBS-G on TV, there have been many fashion programs like Beautyplan, Beautyworld in CTITV, E-line secret garden in GTV, and Perfect beauty in FTV following in Taiwan. This research is going to discuss whether these fashion programs will lead to the myth of beauty for female consumers. And does the female image built by the TV media influence the purchasing preference of female cosmetic. All of these are issues this study will be discussing. This study applied the methodology of quantitative content analysis approach and internet questionnaire survey. First, it analyzes the content of the female beauty program during Jan,2005 to Jul,2007 and focuses on the female internet users whose ages are between 15 and 45. Then, these internet questionnaires are divided into four parts, including heavy viewers, light viewers, high involvement, and low involvement. According to the compared analysis of the group samples, it aims to acquire an understanding of the viewpoints of female image and the differences of consumption preference, after female consumers watched the fashion programs. In terms of the outcomes of the research, it shows the between the participants of heavy/light viewers, high/low involvement and different lifestyle, there are obviously differences in the cognition of beauty. Therefore, the exposure of the fashion program, involvement and lifestyle make a huge impact on the cognition of beauty. Besides this, the difference of high/low involvement and the lifestyle of the participants will influence the consumption preference of the audiences, but there are no apparent differences for the consumption preference between the different participants of heavy/light viewers.

Facing the new technology era, electronic store all over the world and affect the behavior of consumer. As For dress production, besides the virtual stole method such as: department store and brand shop, electronic store give consumer another choices to consume. Therefore, we research dress consumers in Kaohsiung city, between dress store and electronic store, and discuss which one the consumers were most likely to choose. Additionally, we explore the effect of population statistic change and the life style on the consumer behavior. According to the study results, we hope this paper can help clothing sale companies to plan a suitable marketing strategy for distribution channel and get more profit. This thesis we take Q and A investigation, Descriptive Sattistics, Chi-square test, t-value test, one way ANOVA, two way ANOVA and SPSS as our main approaching research methods. Although electronic store become an easy and popular way for the consumers to choose, the paper explores that the consumers are likely to buy dress production in the shop rather than electronic store.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-58).

Vis didėjantis žinių poreikis žmogų verčia daugiau laiko skirti protiniam darbui, todėl mažiau jo lieka fizinei veiklai. Moderniose šalyse paplitęs sėdimas darbas, buities technika ir automatizavimas, kompiuterizacija, ryšių pramonės naujovės sumažino poreikį judėti, išpopuliarėjo pasyvus gyvenimo būdas. Pasyvaus gyvenimo būdo paplitimas visuomenėje privertė domėtis, kaip fizinis aktyvumas veikia įvairaus amžiaus žmonių organizmą. Atsirado nepakankamo fizinio aktyvumo problema. Temos aktualumas. Prioritetinis mūsų valstybės sveikatos politikos uždavinys, atitinkantis PSO strategiją „Sveikata visiems“,-įvertinti gyventojų sveikatą ir sudaryti sąlygas ją gerinti bei tausoti. Nekelia abejonių ir tas faktas, kad dažnai deklaruojama sveikatos stiprinimo idėja yra tiesiogiai susijusi su gyvensenos ypatumais, kuriuos lemia tiek atskiro individo požiūris į savo sveikatą, tiek įvairūs išoriniai veiksniai, visų pirma gyvenimo sąlygos. Norint sveikatos stiprinimo ir palaikymo idėją tinkamai valdyti, svarbu įvertinti suaugusiųjų sveikatą, jos rizikos veiksnius, bei sužinoti sveikos gyvensenos ypatumus. Tyrimo objektas: Suaugusių žmonių požiūris į sveiką gyvenseną. Darbo tikslas: Ištirti suaugusių žmonių sveikos gyvensenos ypatumus. Atliekant šį tyrimą buvo apklausta 110 atsitiktinai pasirinktų vilniečių, besilankančių pirmo ir antro lygio medicinos paslaugas teikiančioje gydymo įstaigoje, esančioje viename Vilniaus mikrorajonų. Iš viso buvo apklausta 22% 18 – 25 m. asmenų, 29% 26 – 35... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Increasing requirements for knowledge makes people spend more time on mental work. This is why there is less time left for physical activities. Passive lifestyle became more and more popular because of automation, computerization, communication novelties and office jobs in modern countries. The spread of passive lifestyle in society caused interest in physical activities impact on human body. THEME IMPORTANCE: The main task of our healthcare system is to valuate the health of the public and ensure conditions for people and see how they could improve their health and take care of it. There is no doubt that the way of living is influenced by individual’s attitude to health, different influences and of course living conditions. It is important to evaluate health, risks and to find out what has the biggest impact on healthy lifestyle. OBJECT: Adults lifestyle. THE AIM: To explore features of an adults healthy lifestyle. There were 110 people questioned during research. All of them were from 1st and 2nd level healthcare clinic, based in one of microregions in Vilnius. On the whole there were questioned: 22% of 18-25 year old people 29% of 26-35 year old people 25% of 36- 45 year old people 24% of 46 year old people This means equal parts of different age groups were questioned. The research allows to make objective interpretations and conclusions. Meanwhile, the results according to job type will reflect the opinion of people who are involved in mental jobs. Even 71% of... [to full text]

In 2012, 40% of Scandinavian households had only one occupant and this trend continues to grow. Daily, these households face the challenges of cooking for one: shopping and preparing small portions while trying to minimize waste; motivating yourself to spend the time to cook and then eat alone; attempting not to eat the same leftovers for too many days in a row; resisting the temptation of consuming convenient ready-meals or going for take-away. Since 1980, the amount of home cooked meals has dropped from 72% to approximately 50%. But what if there was an alternative to ready-meals that had the same convenience while providing you with the freedom, variety and quality of traditional home cooking? What if cooking for yourself could be a convenient and enjoyable experience?

Mūsų amžiuje individai kaip niekada turi galimybių formuoti savo gyvenimus. Kadaise žmonių gyvenimo kelius ypač stipriai veikė tradicijos ir papročiai. Individų asmeniniai identitetai klostėsi jų gimtosios bendruomenės kontekste. Vertybės, gyvenimo būdai ir etika, viešpatavusios toje bendruomenėje, pateikdavo palyginti tvirtas gaires, kuriomis žmonės vadovaudavosi savo gyvenime. Globalizacijos sąlygomis susiduriame su posūkiu į naują individualizmą, kaip žmonėms tenka aktyviai kurti save ir formuoti savo identitetus. Vykstant vietos bendruomenių sąveikai su nauja globaline tvarka, mažėja tradicijų bei įtvirtintų vertybių reikšmė. Gerokai susilpnėjo ir „socialiniai kodeksai“, ankščiau kreipdavę žmonių pasirinkimus bei veiklą. Nors globalizacija dažnai siejama su „didžiųjų“ sistemų – tokių kaip pasaulio finansų rinkos, gamyba ir prekyba, taip pat telekomunikacijos – kitimu, tačiau jos padariniai vienodai stipriai juntami ir privačioje srityje. Globalizacija nėra kažkas „anapus“, veikiantis tolimu lygmeniu ir nesikertantis su kasdieniais reikalais. Tai „čia esantis“ reiškinys, daugeliu skirtingų būdų veikiantis mūsų intymius ir asmeninius gyvenimus. Asmeniniai gyvenimai tiesiog negalėjo pasikeisti, kai į mūsų vietinius kontekstus, namus ir bendruomenes įsiveržė globalizacijos jėgos – ir nuasmenintais kanalais, tokiais kaip žiniasklaida, internetas, populiarioji kultūra, ir per asmeninius kontaktus su kitų šalių bei kultūrų žmonėmis Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti, kaip miestiška... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Title of the work – „Urban lifestyle influence on students free time“. Urbanization is one of major phenomena of modern society steadfastly determining the occurrence of qualitative territorial differences. It could be defined as a process of urban expansion including the mutually related expansion of urban environment and urban way of life (on local level). The aim of the study - to examine how urban life affects academic youth leisure then they cames to Vilnius from villages. The pressure of today’s life, reinforced by workplace, economic, social and political climate, has reduced students quality of life. We live to work and don’t work to live. It is asserted that access to and enjoyment of leisure are central to a high quality of life for individuals and, indirectly, to quality of the society as a whole, The recovery of leisure must begin by asking what are students priorities and raising they consciousness as to what constitutes leisure for them.

Aim of the study is to evaluate the correlation between life style factors and sleep quality in the group of villagers aged from 35 to 64. Methods: The object of the research was the villagers aged from 35 to 64. The reaserch was carried out by the anonymous dossier survey and data analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 for Windows. Results: 125 citizens from Endriejavas township, Klaipeda district took part in the research, 74 women (59.2 %) and 51 men (40.8%). The results revealed that the sleep quality of men is much better than those of women (p=0.018): the worst sleep quality is in the age range of women from 45 to 54 (p<0.001), whereas the age range of men with the worst sleep quality is 55-64 (p>0.05). The evaluation of the correlation between life style factors and sleep quality revealed that the respondents who smoke (45.8%) had difficulties falling asleep (p>0.05), those who drink alcohol every day (33.3%) when they wake up at night they can not fall back to sleep (p=0.028). Bad quality of sleep was also determined by drinking coffee and other caffeinated drinks (p=0.006) as well as eating before going to bed (p<0.05). The correlation between sleep quality and respondents’ psychoemotional state was established: those who have many stressful situations (66.7%) (p=0.001) and those who have low self esteem (80%) have bad sleep quality. Physical activity or daily activity, related with motion or heavy physical work, had better effect on sleep quality (p<0.01). It was... [to full text]