As lajes lisas podem oferecer diversas vantagens quando comparadas ao sistema de lajes, vigas e pilares, sendo, em muitos casos, mais econômicas. O uso da protensão pode oferecer outras vantagens, tais como um melhor controle da fissuração e dos deslocamentos transversais da laje. Como a punção é um dos pontos fracos das lajes lisas protendidas, face à grande esbeltez destas lajes, apresentam-se resultados experimentais de ligações laje-pilar interno, com carregamento concêntrico, com e sem armadura de punção (conectores tipo-pino), com e sem protensão por pós-tração (cabos não aderentes). Os principais aspectos analisados foram as influências da armadura de punção e da protensão na resistência da ligação laje-pilar. Fez-se também uma análise envolvendo a previsão da resistência da ligação, dada por algumas normas e códigos. Observa-se que, de um modo aproximado, a armadura de punção eleva significativamente a resistência do modelo à punção, seja ele de concreto armado ou protendido. Observa-se ainda que, embora diminuindo a taxa de armadura dos modelos de concreto armado, para que se introduzissem as cordoalhas de protensão, os valores experimentais obtidos mostram que a presença da protensão aumentou a resistência da ligação. De um modo geral, a melhor norma que reflete o comportamento da ligação lajepilar é a Revisão da NB-1 (2000). Com relação aos modelos protendidos, o ACI poderia ter tido um bom desempenho, caso não houvesse uma restrição tão rígida com relação ao uso de armaduras de punção / The use of flat plates may offer some economical and aesthetic benefits when compared with other structural systems. The use of post-tensioned slabs may offer other advantages, as a better crack and deflection control and a thinner slab for the same span and load conditions. This work presents some experimental results and conclusions about the punching shear failure, as it is a critical problem for flat plate structures, post-tensioned or not. The main aspects analyzed are the influence of the shear reinforcement (studs) and of the post-tensioning with unbonded tendons on a slab – internal column connection strength. A comparison between experimental results and those given by some standards is presented. This comparison aims to verify if the codes accurately predict the punching shear strength of the connection. It can be noted that, in an specific comparison, the studs enhance the punching shear strength of the slab-column connection. In spite of the use of less flexural reinforcement in the post-tensioned models, the punching shear strength of the connection had a higher value when compared with the reinforced ones. This fact is due to the presence of the prestressed strands

Submitted by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-01-31T14:49:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_KAREN GUIMARÃES CARDOSO.pdf: 1377784 bytes, checksum: db6898d0537d1aadbccad91c685dcbc5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-01-31T15:40:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_KAREN GUIMARÃES CARDOSO.pdf: 1377784 bytes, checksum: db6898d0537d1aadbccad91c685dcbc5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T15:40:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_KAREN GUIMARÃES CARDOSO.pdf: 1377784 bytes, checksum: db6898d0537d1aadbccad91c685dcbc5 (MD5) / Realiza uma análise métrica da produção científica sobre surdos na Ciência da Informação (CI) na Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI) e na Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA), visando verificar o estatuto epistemológico da CI em relação ao usuário surdo, em função da produção de saber sobre este usuário na área. Contextualiza historicamente o surgimento e desenvolvimento da Ciência da Informação e apresenta discussões acerca da informação no contemporâneo. Faz apontamentos sobre a pesquisa em Ciência da Informação, observando um período de apagamento das questões culturais nos debates do campo informacional em detrimento de questões econômico-gerenciais, e propõe o resgate das questões culturais pelo campo. Aborda a inclusão das pessoas com deficiência, analisando o movimento histórico de luta pelos seus direitos e marcos legais, explorando as especificidades relativas aos surdos. A falta de informação e comunicação acessíveis afeta a vida de muitas pessoas com deficiência, especialmente indivíduos com deficiência auditiva ou comprometimento da fala. O surdo enfrenta claras barreiras na comunicação linguística e cultural e os meios e suportes informacionais, no geral, não privilegiam essas idiossincrasias. Contextualiza aspectos de acessibilidade de pessoas com deficiência, especificando alguns requisitos de acessibilidade em espaços informacionais. Para discutir as metrias na Ciência da Informação, apresenta um histórico da comunicação científica, apontando aspectos do surgimento e crescimento das metodologias de análises quantitativas. Constata que no Brasil os estudos sobre surdos na CI somente foram publicados após o ano 2001 e na LISA a partir de 1970. Observando este resultado, a produção da LISA é, em números absolutos, maior. No recorte de 2001-2012 a produção brasileira de artigos sobre a temática dos surdos na BRAPCI é percentualmente superior à da LISA em relação ao total de artigos indexados nas bases. Os estudos na BRAPCI abordam mais questões relacionadas à linguagem, educação, letramento, cultura e mediação dos intérpretes. Na LISA são mais freqüentes os estudos abordando as instituições, usos e serviços de bibliotecas e mediações tecnológicas. Constata que a produção científica brasileira sobre surdos no recorte analisado ocorre na área da Educação, com a qual a CI se relaciona de forma interdisciplinar. / Performs a metric analysis of scientific literature on deaf in Information Science (IS) in Referential Database of Journal Articles in Science Information (BRAPCI) and Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA), to verify the epistemological status of IS on the deaf user, in function of the production of knowledge about this user in the area. Historically contextualizes the origin and development of information science and presents discussions about the information in the contemporary. Make notes about the research in Information Science, observing a period of erasure of cultural issues in the debates of the informational field in favor of the economic and managerial issues, and proposes the rescue of cultural issues by the area. Addresses the issues surrounding the inclusion of people with disabilities, analyzing the historical movement of the fight for their rights and legal marks, exploring the specificities of the deaf. Contextualizes aspects of accessibility for people with disabilities, specifying some accessibility requirements in information spaces. The lack of information and affordable communication affects the lives of many people with disabilities, especially individuals with hearing or speech impairment. Deaf faces clear barriers in language and cultural communication and the information means and supports, in general, do not favor these idiosyncrasies. Contextualizes aspects of accessibility for people with disabilities, specifying some accessibility requirements in information spaces. To discuss the metrics in Information Science, presents a history of scientific communication, pointing aspects of the emergence and growth of the methods of quantitative analysis. Notes that in Brazil the studies on deaf in IS were only published after 2001 and LISA since 1970. Noting this result, LISA production is greater, in absolute numbers. In the 2001-2012 crop Brazilian production of articles about deaf in BRAPCI is higher in percentage than that of LISA, in relation to the total number of articles indexed in the two databases. Studies in BRAPCI address more issues related to language, education, literacy, culture and mediation of interpreters. In LISA are more frequent studies addressing the institutions, practices and services of libraries and technological mediations. Notes that the Brazilian scientific production on deaf in the analyzed clipping occurs in the area of Education, with which the IS is related in an interdisciplinary way.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka den lokala dimensionen av kriminaljournalistik genom att jämföra gestaltningen av brott, brottsoffer och förövare mellan nationell press och lokalpress. Undersökningen omfattar rapporteringen kring fallet Lisa Holm och fallet Arbogakvinnan och bygger på en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av totalt 126 webbartiklar från Expressen , Aftonbladet , Skaraborgs Allehanda och Bärgslagsbladet/Arboga tidning . Utgångspunkten för studien är gestaltningsteorin som bland annat har definierats av medieforskaren Adam Shehata. Uppsatsen innefattar en tolkande analys av gestaltningen av brott, brottsoffer och förövare i kvällspress respektive lokalpress. Studien visar att lokaltidningar rapporterar betydligt mindre om brott och olyckor än vad kvällstidningar gör, vilket är tvärt emot tidigare forskning. Studien visar även att lokala anknytningar sällan förekommer i lokalpressen men får stort fokus i kvällspressen. Studien visar även att kvällspressen fokuserar mer på närhet, och tar läsaren närmare händelsernas centrum, till skillnad från lokalpressen.

Ein alltagstauglicher autonomer Assistenzroboter in einem gemeinsamenArbeitsumfeld mit dem Menschen erfordert, dass der Roboter sämtliche Hindernisse in seiner Umgebung wahrnimmt und diesen sicher ausweicht. Stand der Technik ist jedoch, dass meist nur 2D-Sensordaten zur Navigation herangezogen werden. Oder es werden3D-Verfahren verwendet, die ausschließlich mit einer speziellen Sensorkonfiguration arbeiten. Diese Arbeit untersucht im Rahmen des LiSA-Projekts wie 3D-Sensordaten effizient und flexibel zur sicheren Navigation eines autonomenAssistenzsystems eingesetzt werden können. Dazu wird in dieser Arbeit mit der Virtual Range Scans (VRS)-Methode ein Verfahren zurHindernisvermeidung entwickelt, das beliebige Konfigurationen von Abstandssensoren in den Hindernisvermeidungsprozess integriert. Das Verfahren nutztklassische Verfahren zur 2D-Hindernisvermeidung, um 3D-Hindernisvermeidung zu realisieren. Dadurch wird das VRS-Verfahren unabhängig von der Hindernisvermeidungsstrategie und kann flexibel bestehende Verfahren wiederverwenden. Neben der Hindernisvermeidung wird gezeigt, wie die reichereUmgebungsinformation, die in 3D-Sensordaten vorhanden ist, zur robusteren Selbstlokalisierung des Roboters genutzt werden kann. Hier wird eineffizientes Verfahren vorgestellt, das Abstandssensordaten mit 3D-Umgebungsmodellen vergleicht. Ferner wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, das Semantikim Umfeld des Roboters verankert und sie zur Navigation des Roboters nutzt.

Gravitational Waves (GWs) are ripples in the curvature of spacetime that propagate as waves at the speed of light while travelling basically undisturbed from the moment of their creation by accelerated masses. GWs provide unique information about astrophysical sources, such as binary systems, allowing their exploration under a wide range of masses, mass ratios and physical states inaccessible otherwise and therefore opening a new window to observe the universe. The Laser Interferometry Space Antenna (LISA) mission will be a spaceborne gravitational wave observatory that is expected to be launched in 2034. The observatory will operate a near-equilateral triangle constellation of three spacecraft in formation flying around the Sun with Earth-like orbits. The observatory will establish, for the first time, a huge laser interferometer of three arms separated by 2.5 million km at pm/ p H z sensitivity, allowing detection of GW signals in the low-frequencies (mHz) regime. Using technology proven by LISA Pathfinder and GRACE-Follow on mission, the LISA metrology system will continuously operate heterodyne laser interferometers in order to measure the stretching and squeezing of space-time coupled onto their laser links as pm-level pathlength displacements and recorded as tiny µ-cycle phase fluctuations over thousands of seconds by an on-board instrument so-called Phase Measurement System (PMS) or shortly "Phasemeter”. This master thesis investigates the thermo-mechanical design of an engineering model, currently under early phases of development, for the PMS instrument onboard the LISA S/C. The mechanical enclosure has been designed following a modular approach. Each PCB will be assembled into an individual enclosure, so future upgrades in the design without affecting the entire architecture. The thermal analysis conducted so far has concluded with the feasibility of a passive thermal management system in vacuum environments, based on heat conductivity throughout the mechanical enclosure towards the instrument baseplate. In particular, the following instrument features have been included within the analysis: 1. analog signal conditioning electronics, 2. analog-to-digital conversion, and 3. FPGA core signal processing, 4. high-phase fidelity frequency synthesis and 5. frequency distribution chain, i.e., all features with the most stringent thermal requirements of the PMS-EM architecture. Although the high-power consumption demands of the instrument, the proposed thermo-mechanical design showed a suitable implementation for reliable operation of components, below maximal specified temperature ranges, allowing safe operation of the electronics over mission lifetime. As the proposed design relies only on passive conductive heat transfer methods, it is implicit a reduction of instrument complexity, avoiding complex thermal approaches based on heat pipes distributions or active control systems. Moreover, the modular approach and thermal management system enhances the integration with adjacent modules and reduce cost when assembly the instrument within the payload. In this master thesis, it has been also designed and manufactured several mechanical enclosures, together with an active thermal management system, for preliminary prototyping of analog signal acquisition electronics. These prototypes have been tested in air, setting the thermal stability requirement at the thermal reference point (TRP). Test results have verified a thermal stability requirement below 0.1 K/Hz in order to accomplish with the stringent µ-cycle phase noise performance in the mHz frequency band. Further work will test those prototypes in Vacuum conditions, consolidating thermal modelling and noise coupling as initial precursors of the PMS-EM thermally critical module developments.

The Master's thesis deals with the didactic adaptation of the book Das doppelte Lottchen (Luisa and Lotka) using its simplified version. The introductory part is dedicated to the important stages of the life and work of its author Erich Kästner, especially the period of the Second World War, specifically the years 1943-1949 and the post-war period in which the novel Luisa and Lotka was written. The interpretative part deals with a comparative analysis of the original version of the text and its simplified version Easy Readers published by Klett. Emphasis is placed on the storyline, the characteristics of the main characters, their language and the language of the narrator. The aim is to describe the changes that have been made to the text in order to make it accessible to Readers who are learning German. The didactic adaptation is based on a simplified version of the novel and is intended for teaching in primary school. It offers suggestions for using this simplified text not only in German language classes, but also focuses on various cross-curricular relationships. The aim of the thesis is to present the text Das doppelte Lottchen in a simplified version and to outline for teachers the broad possibilities of working with a foreign language text not only in German language classes. KEYWORDS Erich...

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Denna studie belyser hur nyhetsrapporteringen framställer Lisa Montgomery i samband med hennes avrättning, mot bakgrund av genusteori och mer specifikt begreppen Sad/Mad och Bad. Lisa Montgomery mördade en gravid kvinna och skar ut hennes ofödda barn. Hon kidnappade barnet för att hävda att det var hennes eget. Montgomery dömdes till döden och avrättades den 13 januari, 2021. Genom att analysera hur Lisa Montgomery i egenskap av avvikande kvinna framställs och konstrueras, är syftet att öka förståelsen kring vilka framställningar som gör henne “avrättningsbar”. Materialet utgörs av femton amerikanska nyhetsartiklar som berör fallet kring tidpunkten för avrättningen. Med utgångspunkt i tidigare forskning kring kvinnlig brottslighet och avvikelse samt dödsstraffet som kulturellt fenomen, synliggörs sociala och kulturella konstruktioner relaterade till debatten kring Lisa Montgomery. Genom en tematisk textanalys, tolkas och analyseras framställningar i nyhetsrapporteringen av Montgomerys upplevda trauma, det brott hon begick och straffet som utdömdes. I vår analys av traumat framstår hon som ett offer för övergrepp och även för systemet som skulle skydda henne. Hennes brott framstår som kulturellt otänkbart och predatoriskt, vilket överskuggar hennes trauma. Straffet framstår som å ena sidan grymt och ovanligt, å andra sidan befogat. Lisa Montgomery kan framställas som både Sad/Mad och Bad och kategorierna tenderar att överlappa. Den avgörande faktorn ter sig vara huruvida hennes eget trauma framstår som en ”ursäkt”, eller en förmildrande omständighet. Om traumat ses som en ursäkt, eller irrelevant i relation till brottet och straffet, möjliggörs framställningen av Montgomery som Bad och kulturellt otänkbar - hon framstår därmed som ”avrättningsbar”.

The aim of the study is to examine how the evening newspaper Aftonbladet portrays the murder victim Lisa Holm and her killer Nerijus Bilevicius, and how these portrayals are related to Nils Christie's theory about the ideal victim. The central questions investigated are: How are the victim and the perpetrator portrayed by the evening newspaper Aftonbladet, and how does Aftonbladet's portrayal relate to the theory of the ideal victim? To examine the research questions, a deductive thematic analysis was conducted. Before commencing the analysis, five themes were found based on Christie's theoretical framework, which served as the foundation for the analysis. The selection analyzed consisted of 48 chosen articles all written by Aftonbladet. The result of the analysis shows how Lisa is portrayed as "the girl" - a young and vulnerable individual, described as happy, shy, and goal-oriented. At the time of the crime, she was engaged in a respectable project, she had finished her work shift, and was on her way home. It is emphasized that the location of the crime, her workplace, cannot be blamed. The analysis also indicates that Lisa and Nerijus Bilevicius had no prior relationship, signifying that the perpetrator was unknown to the victim.  Nerijus, the perpetrator, is portrayed as large and malevolent, aligning with the idealized image of an offender. Despite a few positive descriptions from relatives, the negative descriptions prevail. The analysis of Aftonbladet's portrayal of Lisa Holm and Nerijus Bilevicius demonstrates a close alignment with Christie's model of the ideal victim and the ideal offender, fulfilling all five criteria outlined by Christie. These findings underscore how Aftonbladet's representation of Lisa and Nerijus resonates with the idealized image of a victim and perpetrator according to Christie's theory, emphasizing the media's impact on the public perception of crime victims and offenders. This case serves as an illustration, according to the perfect ideal victim. The results suggest that Aftonbladet portrays Lisa as the ideal victim and Nerijus as the ideal offender according to Christie's model. It emphasizes how media portrayal can influence our general perception of crime victims and offenders.

Der weltraumgestützte Gravitationswellendetektor LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) besteht aus drei identischen Satelliten an Bord derer sich jeweils zwei frei schwebende Testmassen befinden. Die Lage der einzelnen Testmassen in Bezug auf die zugehörige optische Bank muss mit einer Genauigkeit besser 1 pm/sqrt(Hz) in der Abstands- und besser 10 nrad/sqrt(Hz) in der Winkelmessung erfolgen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein kompaktes optisches Auslesesystem präsentiert, welches als Prototyp für diese Abstands- und Winkelmetrologie dient. Das dafür entwickelte polarisierende Heterodyn-Interferometer mit räumlich getrennten Frequenzen basiert auf einem hoch-symmetrischen Design, bei dem zur optimalen Gleichtakt-Unterdrückung Mess- und Referenzarm die gleiche Polarisation und Frequenz sowie annähernd gleiche optische Pfade haben. Für die Winkelmessung wird die Methode der differentiellen Wellenfrontmessung eingesetzt. In einem ersten Prototyp-Aufbau wird ein Rauschniveau von weniger als 100 pm/sqrt(Hz) in der Translations- und von weniger als 100 nrad/sqrt(Hz) in der Winkelmessung (beides für Frequenzen oberhalb 0.1 Hz) demonstriert. In einem zweiten Prototyp-Aufbau werden zusätzlich eine Intensitätsstabilisierung und ein Phasenlock der beiden Frequenzen implementiert. Die analoge Phasenmessung ist durch eine digitale, FPGA basierte, ersetzt. Mit diesem Aufbau wird ein Rauschen kleiner 5 pm/sqrt(Hz) in der Translationsmessung und kleiner 10 nrad/sqrt(Hz) in der Winkelmessung, beides für Frequenzen größer 0.01 Hz, erreicht. Eine Rausch-Analyse wurde durchgeführt und die Nichtlinearitäten des Interferometers bestimmt. Das Interferometer wurde im Hinblick auf die LISA Mission entwickelt, findet seine Anwendung aber auch bei der Charakterisierung der dimensionalen Stabilität von ultra-stabilen Materialien sowie in der optischen Profilometrie. Die Adaptierung des Interferometers dazu sowie erste Resultate zu beiden Anwendungen werden in dieser Arbeit präsentiert. / The space-based gravitational wave detector LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) consists of three identical satellites. Each satellite accommodates two free-flying proof masses whose distance and tilt with respect to its corresponding optical bench must be measured with at least 1 pm/sqrt(Hz) sensitivity in translation and at least 10 nrad/sqrt(Hz) sensitivity in tilt measurement. In this thesis, a compact optical readout system is presented, which serves as a prototype for the LISA proof mass attitude metrology. We developed a polarizing heterodyne interferometer with spatially separated frequencies. For optimum common mode rejection, it is based on a highly symmetric design, where measurement and reference beam have the same frequency and polarization, and similar optical pathlengths. The method of differential wavefront sensing (DWS) is utilized for the tilt measurement. In a first prototype setup noise levels below 100 pm/sqrt(Hz) in translation and below 100 nrad/sqrt(Hz) in tilt measurement (both for frequencies above 0.1 Hz) are achieved. A second prototype was developed with additional intensity stabilization and phaselock of the two heterodyne frequencies. The analog phase measurement is replaced by a digital one, based on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). With this setup, noise levels below 5 pm/sqrt(Hz) in translation measurement and below 10 nrad/sqrt(Hz) in tilt measurement, both for frequencies above 0.01Hz, are demonstrated. A noise analysis was carried out and the nonlinearities of the interferometer were measured. The interferometer was developed for the LISA mission, but it also finds its application in characterizing the dimensional stability of ultra-stable materials such as carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and in optical profilometry. The adaptation of the interferometer and first results in both applications are presented in this work.