A cidade de Lisboa, que se lê nas páginas do Livro do Desassossego: composto por Bernardo Soares, ajudante de guarda-livros na cidade de Lisboa, de Fernando Pessoa, confirma-se como criação artística e se faz cidade literária, pelos olhos elaborados por Fernando Pessoa para o seu semi-heterônimo Bernardo Soares. Aproximar essa leitura de Lisboa de outra, também produzida por Fernando Pessoa para o guia de viagem Lisboa: o que o turista deve ver, ou seja, para uma obra de outra natureza que não a literária, permite, em nosso trabalho, uma abordagem estética e antropológica da percepção visual exercitada pelo autor. De um lado, no Livro do Desassossego, a construção de uma estética citadina particular e original a revelar uma cidade conformada pelo contraste espaço habitado e paisagem interior. De outro, um lugar tecido na memória do autor mais próximo do homem aparentemente real, a partir de sua identificação histórica com a cidade. / The city of Lisbon depicted in the pages of the Book of Disquiet: composed by Bernardo Soares, keep-book assistant in the city of Lisbon, written by Fernando Pessoa, is confirmed as an artistic creation and it is transformed into a literary city, by the eyes of Fernando Pessoa to his \"semiheteronym\" Bernardo Soares. Comparing this view of Lisbon to another one, also produced for Fernando Pessoa for the traveller\'s guide Lisbon: what the tourist should see - a not literary it -, allows, in our research, an aesthetic and anthropological approach of the visual perception attempted by the author. On one hand, in the Book of Disquiet, the building up of a certain original aesthetic city revealing a city conformed by the contrast inhabited space and interior landscape view. On the other hand, a place woven in the memory of the author, closer to the apparent real man, starting from his historical identification with the city.

A cidade de Lisboa, que se lê nas páginas do Livro do Desassossego: composto por Bernardo Soares, ajudante de guarda-livros na cidade de Lisboa, de Fernando Pessoa, confirma-se como criação artística e se faz cidade literária, pelos olhos elaborados por Fernando Pessoa para o seu semi-heterônimo Bernardo Soares. Aproximar essa leitura de Lisboa de outra, também produzida por Fernando Pessoa para o guia de viagem Lisboa: o que o turista deve ver, ou seja, para uma obra de outra natureza que não a literária, permite, em nosso trabalho, uma abordagem estética e antropológica da percepção visual exercitada pelo autor. De um lado, no Livro do Desassossego, a construção de uma estética citadina particular e original a revelar uma cidade conformada pelo contraste espaço habitado e paisagem interior. De outro, um lugar tecido na memória do autor mais próximo do homem aparentemente real, a partir de sua identificação histórica com a cidade. / The city of Lisbon depicted in the pages of the Book of Disquiet: composed by Bernardo Soares, keep-book assistant in the city of Lisbon, written by Fernando Pessoa, is confirmed as an artistic creation and it is transformed into a literary city, by the eyes of Fernando Pessoa to his \"semiheteronym\" Bernardo Soares. Comparing this view of Lisbon to another one, also produced for Fernando Pessoa for the traveller\'s guide Lisbon: what the tourist should see - a not literary it -, allows, in our research, an aesthetic and anthropological approach of the visual perception attempted by the author. On one hand, in the Book of Disquiet, the building up of a certain original aesthetic city revealing a city conformed by the contrast inhabited space and interior landscape view. On the other hand, a place woven in the memory of the author, closer to the apparent real man, starting from his historical identification with the city.

This thesis analyses the commercial relations between Scotland and the geo-political area known as the Iberian world in the early modern period. Despite being geographically one of the largest areas of Europe, as well as arguably the politically most weighty, there has, until this thesis, been no scholarly research on Scottish trade relations with this area. Though the archives suggest regular and sustained contact, very little is known about Scottish-Iberian connections beyond the overtly political. When compared to northern Europe the region of Iberia and its dominions differed significantly, not only due to a different branch of Christianity being practised there but also due to the influence of the Habsburg empire and the power it was perceived to give the Spanish Habsburgs. Looking predominantly at Scottish commercial contacts with Spain, the Spanish Netherlands and Portugal, this project considers a number of angles such as England's impact on Scottish commercial relations with Iberia. For example, very little would be known about Scottish commercial relations with Iberia in the late-sixteenth century if it were not for the Anglo-Spanish war of that period. The central role of conflict in Scottish-Iberian relations continues into the seventeenth century, with the Cromwellian/Stuart struggles with the Dutch Republic and later disputes between the new state of Great Britain and Habsburg Spain all affecting trade. This thesis demonstrates the important role of triangular and entrepôt trade, which was popular with Scottish merchants who wished to obtain Iberian goods without the risks of sailing into North African corsair territory. Scots did not merely pick up Iberian goods from the entrepôt markets of London and the Dutch Republic they also organised trade to Iberia and its dominions via other Scots, providing evidence of a complex trade network. Further, this thesis has sought to ascertain that, despite the lack of a large Scottish community such as those seen in Poland-Lithuania and Scandinavia, Scottish commercial relations with Iberia were valuable both to the Scottish economy and its merchants. This thesis which continues the work of the Scotland and the Wider World Project, addresses a lack of scholarly work regarding Scottish commercial connections with this key geo-political area.

Ο τουρισμός όπως είναι γνωστό αποτελεί βασικό βραχίονα της οικονομίας μας, δηλαδή της βαριάς βιομηχανίας της Ελλάδας. Σαφώς είμαστε προσανατολισμένοι στο να γίνει το καλύτερο προκειμένου να αναπτυχθεί και να αποδώσει για την Ελλάδα καρπούς ,πολύ δε περισσότερο σήμερα στη δυσμενή κατάσταση στην οποία βρίσκεται η χώρα μας. Είναι ευχής έργο ότι με τον τομέα του τουρισμού απασχολήθηκε η Συνθήκη της Λισσαβόνας και χάραξε κατευθυντήριες γραμμές και κανόνες καθιερώνοντας καταυτό τον τρόπο κατά μία έννοια τουριστική πολιτική στα πλαίσια της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Τούτο πρέπει να αποτελεί βασικό και απαραβίαστο κανόνα και κατευθυντήρια γραμμή των επενδύσεων που θα γίνουν είτε στην Ελλάδα είτε σε οποιοδήποτε κράτος –μέλος της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης ,έτσι ώστε να διασφαλίζεται η ανταγωνιστικότητα και να μεγιστοποιείται το συγκριτικό πλεονέκτημα της Ευρώπης και της Ελλάδας ειδικότερα. Η Ευρώπη και τα κράτη-μέλη της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης υπερτερούν σε ορισμένους τομείς κυρίως διότι εδώ υπάρχει ο τύπος του «ώριμου» αστικού κράτους , ο δυτικός τρόπος ζωής και διασκέδασης και κάλλιστα μπορεί να αποτελέσει στόχο για τον επισκέπτη ενός υπεύθυνου και ποιοτικού τουρισμού. Η διασφάλιση περιβαλλοντολογικών όρων -πράσινη ανάπτυξη- ποιότητας αποτελεί βασικό μέλημα και μέσο ανάδειξης πλεονεκτήματος σε σχέση με προορισμούς του τρίτου κόσμου. Οι υποδομές των μεταφορών (λιμάνια, αερομεταφορές, τρένα , σύγχρονο οδικό δίκτυο κτλ.) , εκτός κάποιων εξαιρέσεων π.χ. Ελλάδα, βρίσκονται σε ώριμο επίπεδο ανάπτυξης και καμιά φορά και πρωτοποριακό λ.χ. TGV Γαλλία, η υποθαλάσσια σήραγγα στη Μάχη. Πρόβλημα αποτελεί η μη δυνατότητα συμπιέσεως του κόστους και κυρίως οι νομισματικές ισοτιμίες ευρώ έναντι δολαρίου, γιεν και νομισμάτων γενικότερα τρίτων χωρών. Η εμμονή σε «σκληρό» νόμισμα δηλαδή ακριβό ευρώ, για τους Αμερικάνους ή κατοίκους τρίτων χωρών, δημιουργεί όσο υπάρχει ένα σοβαρό πρόβλημα το οποίο θα πρέπει να αντισταθμιστεί από την ποιότητα των υπηρεσιών και την αρτιότητα τους. / -

<p>Purpose of this Master thesis is to analyze, understand and evaluate current financial crisis from the leadership perspective. In order to achieve this aim we made literature analysis, conducted interviews, analyzed failure case of Lehman Brothers and case of NYSE Euronext Lisbon. Furthermore, we created a questionnaire which was sent to the biggest companies in Europe. According to our investigation, we found out that the most suitable methodological view for our research is a combination of analytical and system views. Analysis of our findings shows that financial crisis was highly caused of the failure of leadership in the financial sector. We found out that leaders have to be aware of these main problems: nowadays word is extremely interconnected and one variable can affect the whole system, huge short-term returns cannot marginalize long-term foresight, risk has to be measured and estimated, leaders has to pay a lot of attention to their strategies, plan, rethink and if it is necessary reshape them. Moreover, leaders now face more and more challenges: they have to react at the moment, to deal with world full of paradoxes and to take actions in order to increase level of confidence which creates more and more instability and chaos in the society.</p>

prfce v anglick6mjazyce Changesin CFSPin the Lisbon Treaty Europe's aspiration to gain position of important player in the international relations goesalong with the origins of the Europeanintegrationprocess.Common foreign and securitypolicy (CFSP)and its predecessor,Europeanpolitical cooperation,arevery important partsof the Europeanintegrationprocess.Lisbon Treaty shouldhavehelped the Union to build more effective and coherentfunctioning in general.That is why I decidedto elaboratea thesison thetheme,,Changesin CFSPin theLisbonTreatf'. The purposeof my thesisis to analyzethe most significantchangesin the CFSpthat wasintroducedby theLisbonTreaty. The thesis is composedof eight main chapters.The first one is introductory and containsthreemain hypothesisthat needto be answered.The secondchapterfocuses on main aspectsof CFSPfrom thehistoricalperspective. Chapterthree and four are dealing with the problem that the aims are not laid down specifically for CSFP,but generallyfor the externalaction, andtry to make systematic enlistmentof CFSParea. Chapterfour showsthat CFSPis still seperatedandhasspecialpositioneventhoughit is not saidsodirectly.We cansaywe havetwo-pillar structure. In chapter five it is written about the fact that the Union is finally grantedwith the legalpersonalityin theLisbonTreaty....

Resumé The thesis deals with the exclusive powers of the European Union with a focus on legislative competencies. It is composed of four chapters; while deriving from Czech and foreign literature it contains theoretical view enriched by decisions of The European Court of Justice/The Court of Justice of The European Union. The first chapter focuses on the powers of the EU generally; it explains the term power and includes also the origin of the powers from historical and constitutional point of view. Corresponding with the principle of conferral explained in the chapter 1.3, the will of the member states could be considered as the basis for the powers of the EU. The thesis deals also with the theory of implied powers and the flexibility clause. These are the ways to avoid the rigidity which might be represented by strict obeying the principle of conferral. The following chapter offers an overview of other types of powers and hints to their particularities in comparison to the group of exclusive powers. We are finding out that in case of shared competencies the member states can take action unless the blocking effect of the European regulations is applied while in other cases the EU has only a supporting function. The last two chapters which could be considered as the most important ones focus specifically on...

FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY OF THE EU WITH REGARD TO THE LISBON TREATY Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union (EU) is from its beginnings to the present time the area that is evolving very slowly with regard to other EU policies. It is a sensitive political issue, traditionally understood as a part of national sovereignty. That is why it has always been facing the reluctance of Member States to limit their powers in this area in favour of the Union. Union is constantly criticised for the lack of consistency of its external actions. Member states feel that it is necessary to "speak with one voice", if they want to have chance to be a legitimate partner to the world powers. It leads to slow enhancing of cooperation in the CFSP matters. Lisbon Treaty entered into force on the 1st December 2009 and brought many changes in the functioning of the EU. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the CFSP and the changes introduced by this Treaty without mentioning European Security and defence Policy. The thesis is divided into 5 chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of CFSP. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis and the context of external relations of the EU in order to explain the position of CFSP within EU policies. Part of this chapter is...

Esta tese tem como objetivo analisar os processos históricos envolvidos na criação e difusão de uma cultura urbanística lusitana, a qual se formou alinhavando e reinterpretando inúmeras referências e que as transformou continuamente ao longo dos séculos e de sua expansão territorial. Tomamos o século XVI como referência da expansão lusitana e o caso de São Paulo de Piratininga tida pela bibliografia especializada como uma excepcionalidade na história urbanística e colonial portuguesa como exemplo de alinhamento com a tradição urbanística portuguesa. Essa inserção é visível através do cotejamento da história urbana de outras cidades portuguesas (como Coimbra, Sintra, Tomar, mas, sobretudo, Lisboa). De outro lado, contempla-se o século XVIII como um momento de profundas mudanças nessa tradição urbanística e a inserção de novas mentalidades, práticas, motivadas principalmente pelo surgimento de novos movimentos (como o iluminismo) e protagonistas ou, ainda, suas novas faces (como o Estado português, em processo de centralização, de aproximação com os interesses mercantis e de medidas modernizadoras). Procura-se, por fim, demonstrar a complexidade dos processos culturais que envolvem, ao longo dos séculos, a criação e transformação das cidades, bem como a intensa circulação de ideias, pessoas, práticas entre a Europa e as Américas. / This thesis aims to analyse the historical processes involved in the creation and dissemination of a Lusitanian urban culture. Such culture was built on connecting and reinterpreting numerous references, and it has continually changed over the centuries and over its territorial expansion. We take the sixteenth century as a reference of the Portuguese expansion, and the case of São Paulo de Piratininga - taken by professional literature as an exception in urban history and Portuguese colonial experience - as an example of alignment with the Portuguese urban tradition. This connection is visible through collating the urban history of other Portuguese cities (such as Coimbra, Sintra, Tomar, but especially Lisbon). On the other hand, we look at the eighteenth century as a time of profound changes in such urban tradition. It is also a period of inclusion of new attitudes and practices, driven mainly by the emergence of new movements (such as the Enlightenment), of new protagonists or of their new faces (as the Portuguese State, which went through a process of centralization and rapprochement with the mercantile interests, and of modernizing measures). Lastly, we aim at demonstrating the complexity of cultural processes that, over the centuries, involve the creation and transformation of cities, as well as the intense flow of ideas, people, practices between Europe and the Americas.

A tese tem por objetivo verificar se o autor português Eça de Queirós cumpre o trato feito com o editor Ernesto Chardron para editar A Capital! (2006), romance póstumo da coleção denominada Cenas Portuguesas (1877), de acutilar o mundo oficial, o mundo sentimental, o mundo literário, o mundo agrícola; obra que não trata de mulheres, nem de amores, mas de descrever os aspectos cruéis da vida literária em Lisboa (jornalistas, artistas, etc). Como resultado depreende-se que, embora o romance não tenha recebido as correções finais dentro dos padrões estéticos do ficcionista, os acervos das bibliotecas citadas, os jornais lidos tanto pelos membros da Família Corvelo, quanto pelas pessoas com as quais eles convivem tornaram viável a crítica direcionada pelo autor contra os grupos sociais por ele escolhidos, enquanto avalia e estabelece relações entre educação, literatura, política, profissão pública e dinheiro à medida que descreve diversas figurações de personagens-leitoras. / The thesis aims to verify if the portuguese author Eça de Queirós complies with the agreement made with the editor Ernesto Chardron to edit The Capital! (2006), posthumous novel of the collection called Portuguese Scenes (1877) The literary world, the agricultural world, a work that is not about women, nor about loves, but about describing the cruel aspects of literary life in Lisbon (journalists, artists, etc.). As a result it can be understood that although the novel has not received the final corrections within the aesthetic standards of the fictionist, the collections of the mentioned libraries, the newspapers read by both members of the Corvelo Family, as well as by the people with whom they coexist have made viable criticism Directed by the author against the social groups he chooses, while describing the relationship between education, literature, politics, public profession, and money as he describes several figurations of reader characters. Keywords: Journal. Reader. Lisbon. Literature. Literary Reception