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Purpose: To investigate the effects of speaker age, speaker gender, semantic context, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a listener’s hearing status on speech recognition and listening effort in older adults. We examined the hypothesis that older adults would recognize less speech and exert greater listening effort when listening to the speech of younger versus older adult speakers. Method: Speech stimuli were recorded from 12 adult speakers classified as “younger” (three males and three females aged 18-31 years) and “older” (three males and three females aged 69-89) respectively. A computer-based subjective rating was conducted to confirm that the speakers were representative of younger and older speakers. Listeners included 20 older adults (aged 65 years and above), who were divided into two age-matched groups with and without hearing loss. All listening and speaking participants in the study were native speakers of New Zealand English. A dual-task paradigm was used to measure speech recognition and listening effort; the primary task involved recognition of target words in sentences containing either high or low contextual cues, while the secondary task required listeners to memorise the target words for later recall, following a set number of sentences. Listening tasks were performed with a variety of listening conditions (quiet, +5 dB SNR and 0dB SNR). Results: There were no overall differences in speech recognition scores or word recall scores for the 20 older listeners, when listening to the speech of the younger versus older speakers. However, differential effects of speaker group were observed in the two semantic context conditions (high versus low context). Older male speakers were the easiest to understand when semantic context was low; however, for sentences with high semantic context, the older male group were the most difficult to understand. Word recall scores were also significantly higher in the most challenging listening condition (low semantic context, 0 dB SNR), when the speaker was an older male. Conclusion: Differential effects of speaker group were observed in the two semantic context conditions (high versus low context) suggesting that different speech cues were used by listeners, as the level of context varied. The findings provide further evidence that, in challenging listening conditions, older listeners are able to use a wide range of cues, such as prosodic features and semantic context to compensate for a degraded signal. The availability of these cues depends on characteristics of the speaker, such as rate of speech and prosody, as well as characteristics of the listener and the listening environment. .

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-04-28T12:59:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Delfino Curado Adorno - 2015.pdf: 1441144 bytes, checksum: 99421fb9571c5e06f5150e1bff6d6814 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-04-28T13:56:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Delfino Curado Adorno - 2015.pdf: 1441144 bytes, checksum: 99421fb9571c5e06f5150e1bff6d6814 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-28T13:56:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Delfino Curado Adorno - 2015.pdf: 1441144 bytes, checksum: 99421fb9571c5e06f5150e1bff6d6814 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / What te service provided by radio to the taxi driver in Goiania? This the central question of this thesis is part of a research project called macro "methodological breaks for a critical media" and that since 2012 has generated scientific and academic products as part of a reflection on eletronic and print media, with research qualitative, quantitative, emprical and theoretical. In this thesis the central focus is a reflection on the radio, an old vehicle before the modern tecnological proliferation of today, but which remains alive, renovated, modern in tis use from hifgh-end devices. The radio is modern, but it is also old, is new, but it is also conservative. The radio is an option ofr many users, but is also the only option for many listerners. Given the dichotomies and paradoxes, this research is based on the taxi drivers who work professionally in Goiania. These are people who use the radio as information but also for utility issues in the daily work and reporting to the radio a relationship of friendship and companionship - sometimes the only company during the long hours that perform throughout the day. This thesis also seeks to understand the radio connection with the construction of citizenship, given that much of the work of these drivers is reframed by the daily information they receive through radio. / Qual o serviço prestado pelo rádio ao motorista de táxi em Goiânia? Esta é a questão central desta dissertação que faz parte de um projeto macro de pesquisa denominado "Rupturas metodológicas para uma leitura crítica da mídia" e que desde 2012 tem gerado produtos científicos e acadêmicos no âmbito de uma reflexão sobre mídias eletrônicas e impressas, com pesquisas qualitativas, quantitativas, empíricas e teóricas. Nesta dissertação o foco central é uma reflexão sobre o rádio, um veículo antigo diante da moderna proliferação tecnológica dos dias atuais, mas que se mantém vivo, renovado, moderno na sua utilização a partir de aparelhos de última geração. O rádio é moderno, mas é também antigo, é novo, mas é também conservador. O rádio é uma das opções para muitos usuários, mas é também a única opção para muitos outros ouvintes. Diante dessas dicotomias e paradoxos, esta pesquisa tem como base os taxistas que atuam profissionalmente em Goiânia. São pessoas que utilizam o rádio como informação, mas também por questões utilitárias no trabalho diário e que reportam ao rádio uma relação de amizade e companheirismo - às vezes o único companheiro durante as longas jornadas que realizam ao longo do dia. Esta dissertação também busca compreender a relação do rádio com a construção da cidadania, tendo em vista que boa parte do trabalho desses motoristas é ressignificado pelas informações diárias que recebem através do rádio.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the influence of foreign accent on credibility of non- native speakers of English. The study was inspired by Lev-Ari and Keysar (2010), who observed that native speakers of English are less likely to believe non-native speakers. In our research we used the same set of statements and similar settings of the experiment to find out whether foreign accent will have the same negative effect on credibility of non- native speakers as perceived by non-native listeners. 6 native speakers from Britain and the USA, and 6 non-native speakers recorded the set of trivia statements for the test and 45 non-native listeners rated on a scale whether they thought the statement they hear is true or not. The results were analysed from multiple points of view such as the influence of accent on credibility, the influence of gender on credibility, and we have also analysed the individual speakers and items in the test to see if the results could be influenced by the behaviour of one individual speaker or an item. The results of the experiment revealed that foreign accent has a negative effect on the credibility of non-native speakers as perceived by non-native listeners. Czech respondents rated British accent of English to be the most credible, while people who spoke with a foreign...

The master's thesis Czech Radio Dvojka - building contact with the audience analyses the instruments, which is this station used to address listeners, respectively the recipients of media content. The thesis is based on the theoretical framework which is postulated by the sociologist John B. Thompson in the book The Media and Modernity, on his triad of interactions, which characterizes the effect of communication media. Whereas the first type "mediated quasi- interaction" characterizes unidirectional transmission of the radio station to a listener, the other two types - "mediated interaction" and "face to face interaction" characterize ways how the medium could overcome this unidirectional communication. Therefore this master's thesis analyses the selected programs of the station Czech Radio Dvojka, which represent these mentioned types. Thereafter the qualitative analysis analyses especially the instruments of moderators with use of the triple coding's type (open coding, axial coding, selective coding), because the moderators represent the station and substantially determine its communicative style. The master's thesis wants to verify the premise that the moderators significantly contribute to creating of impression, that the communication between the radio station (the media house) and listeners...

Background: Fluent speakers and people who stutter manifest alterations in autonomic and emotional responses as they view stuttered relative to fluent speech samples. These reactions are indicative of an aroused autonomic state and are hypothesized to be triggered by the abrupt breakdown in fluency exemplified in stuttered speech. Furthermore, these reactions are assumed to be the basis for the stereotypes held by different communicative partners towards people who stutter. Aims: To examine the autonomic and emotional reactions of graduate student clinicians in speech–language pathology as they viewed fluent and severe stuttered speech samples. Methods & Procedures: Twenty-one female graduate student clinicians in speech–language pathology participated in this study. Each participant viewed four 30-s video samples (two fluent and two stuttered speech samples) while their autonomic responses (skin conductance response (SCR) and heart rate (HR)) were concurrently captured. Furthermore, emotional responses to stuttered and fluent speech samples were captured using the self-assessment manikin (SAM) and a rating scale with nine bipolar adjectives reflecting one's feelings. Outcomes & Results: An increase in SCR and deceleration in HR was observed as graduate clinicians viewed stuttered speech samples versus fluent speech samples and the differences were statistically significant. In addition, results from the self-rating scales showed that participants had negative feelings (e.g., emotionally aroused, unpleasant, embarrassed, uncomfortable, etc.) while viewing stuttered speech. Conclusions & Implications: Findings suggest that graduate student clinicians in speech–language pathology demonstrated altered autonomic and emotional responses similar to those manifested by fluent and stuttered speakers as they viewed stuttered speech samples. Collectively, these findings support the contention that the inherent nature of stuttered speech triggers a visceral reaction in a listener, irrespective of their background and knowledge about the disorder.

Notre thèse souhaite analyser le rôle et la place du média radiophonique dans la société en étudiant la relation établie entre une station et son auditoire dans le cadre des émissions interactives, omniprésentes sur la bande FM. Le cas des émissions service, qui affichent une intention d’aide et de conseil à l’auditeur dans sa vie quotidienne, révèlent et reflètent pour nous les nouvelles orientations dans la pratique et les usages des médias. Mais, en ce cas, les stations de radios sont-elles actrices ou outils de médiation ? Les publics sont-ils instrumentalisés ou se saisissent-ils de ces espaces médiatiques de manières autonomes ? En prenant en compte l’évolution en cours du média radiophonique, le développement, l’intrusion ou l’imbrication des nouvelles technologies avec des formes médiatiques plus traditionnelles, nous souhaitons mettre en lumière les relations de corrélation ou de causalité, voire de concomitance qui relient les évolutions en cours des uns et des autres, et leurs accommodations par les publics. Pour ce faire, notre terrain de recherche se focalise plus particulièrement sur l’émission de Menie Grégoire sur RTL (de 1967 à 1981), sur « Ça peut vous arriver » sur RTL et sur « Lahaie, l’amour et vous » sur RMC, encore diffusées de nos jours. / The purpose of our doctoral thesis is to analyze radio’s roles in society, observing connections between radio stations and their audience within the context of phone-in programs which are omnipresent on air. Service broadcasts, meanwhile intending to offer help and advice in listener’s day-to-day problems, reveal new ways of using this media. Considering this, are radio stations passive or active devices? Is the audience used by these broadcasters or do they seize it autonomously? By studying the actual evolution of radio, throughout its new forms of technologies as in its most traditional uses, we seek to highlight the causual, comparison and concomitance links among broadcasts, as well as listerner’s reactions to it. In order to do that, our work has focused on Menie Grégoire’s broadcast on RTL from 1967 to 1981, on “Ça peut vous arriver” on RTL, and on “Lahaie, l’amour et vous” on RMC, still emitted nowadays.

The master thesis entitled "Podcasting - audio content in the digital era and its listeners in Czechia" is devoted to the phenomenon of podcasting which connects the traditional audio format with new digital technologies. It deals with its history and current state both abroad and in Czechia. It also describes the specifics of podcasting, compares it with radio programs, mentions the importance of podcast applications or the funding issue of independent podcasts. It focuses attention on the role of the audience in today's world and the associated concepts of participatory culture and user generated content. The audience is also associated with the uses and gratifications theory which tries to understand why people consume media content. The aim of the research part of the thesis was to obtain information about Czech podcast listeners with whom semi-structured interviews were conducted. The collected data were then processed using the grounded theory method. The findings are organized into five chapters in order to answer five research questions. They revealed the motivations of Czech listeners for listening to podcasts, their perception of podcasts in comparison with radio programs, their attitude to listening to Czech and foreign podcasts, their perception of podcast presenter and their attitude...

Text in Afrikaans / Een van die grootste probleme waarmee die prediker in 'n industriele konteks te doen het, is om die evangelie op 'n sinvolle wyse aan die hoarders oor te dra. Die radikale verandering in die samelewing deur die moderniseringsproses, het die homiletiek gedwing om teoreties her te besin. Hierdie moderne homiletiese teorie soos deur H.J.C. Pieterse, T.G. Long en G.D.J. Dingemans verteenwoordig het die volgende belangrike teoretiese aanpassings gemaak: Eerstens, in plaas van die tradisionele beweging van die teks na die hoarders, is die homiletiese proses omgekeer. Die beweging is nou vanaf die hoarder na die teks deur middel van die prediker en weer terug van die teks na die hoorder. Tweedens, hierdie benadering het noodwendig hermeneutiese implikasies gehad. Daarom het die homiletiek die bree aanpak van die moderne kritiese hermeneutiek in diens geneem. Derdens moes 'n nuwe kommunikasieteorie ondersoek word naamlik, die dialogiese kommunikasieteorie van H.J.C. Pieterse en C.J.A. Vos. / One of the greatest problems, with which a preacher in an industrial context have to deal with, is to convey the gospel in a sensible manner to the listeners. The radical change in society caused by the modernisation process, forced homiletics to review its theoretical base. Modern homiletics as represented by H.J.C. Pieterse, T.G. Long and G.D.J. Dingemans, has made the following theoretic adjustments: Firstly, in stead of the traditional movement of the text to the listeners, the homiletical process is revearsed. The movement is from the listener to the text by means of the preacher and back from the text to the listener. Secondly, this approach inevitably has hermeneutic implications. Therefore homiletics has employed the broad approach of modern critical hermeneutics. Thirdly, a new communication theory has to be developed namely, the dialogical communication theory of H.J.C. Pieterse and C.J.A. Vos. The most important theoretical foundation for preaching in an industrial context is the approach of taking the listeners as starting point without neglecting the text. In practice, it brings about that the following topics ask for particular attention: For the understanding and formulating of the message of the Scriptures, the modern critical hermeneutics and the use of metaphors is of the greatest importance. The new understanding of rhetorics which is about conveying the message, must be taken into consideration. The formulating of the message in the language of the listeners has a theoretical influence on the formulating and use of the theological concepts during preaching. The dialogical communication theory is also of great importance, and has dialogue before, during and after the preaching in mind. For it to be fulfilled, preaching work groups is an important component to improve dialogical communication in the congregation. / Practical Theology / D.Th. (Practical theology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lidiane Helena Reinaldo Franco.pdf: 2067523 bytes, checksum: 066388260f432c2d1f80d44c988131ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The deaf community in Brazil, according to the Census of the IBGE 2010 presents 344,2 thousand deaf people, our country recognized the Brazilian Language of Signs in April of 2002, from this period we are having new legal directives specific to the population that needs accessibility and social integration through the language of signs. We present the history of the language of signs and the current situation of the familiar arrangements, to articulate in specific way with children s parents with deficiency in the area of the deafness. We have described the impact that takes place and wraps the parents at the moment of the discovery of the deafness, all suffering that is brought near to a sort of mourning. Consequently it causes initially a distancing of the parents caused by the deafness in their-self like an escape behavior presented by many people. That does so that the deaf child is damaged in his process of formation bio-psycho-social from his early childhood, which compromises the child s life. Our subject refers to the basic necessity of the knowledge of the language of signs like the form of communication between parents listeners and children with deafness. Looking forward that these families could have access and knowledge on the Brazilian Language of Signs and the importance of the apprenticeship of the language of signs like mediation of the development of the communication between the family and in the society. Strengthening the formation of the identity of the deaf person, and his social composition, aiming at his process of preparation and formation for an adult life with the Brazilian Language of Signs. Working as bridge between the individual and the global formation like a social being. We registered the deep paper of the Social Service professionals and other areas that act in contact with the society creating the opportunity to acquire knowledge and demystify prejudice and bring the opportunity with current technicians who could have positive differentials for intervention in the interdisciplinary teams.The realization of the research happened at two moments while checking the research carried out in 2010 with parents in adult age and from the interviews carried out in 2014 with two mothers listeners with deaf adult children. The analysis of the contents presents points of reflection of as we can intervene in an efficient form for professionals' formation with sights in the inclusion. We are interested in looking for new ramifications and partnerships for discussions. And last but not least, we hope it can provide for those who have son/daughter to emerge for the overcoming of hamper ways of the communication. Also the wakening of professionals and of the academic community for a theme that wraps the whole society / A comunidade surda no Brasil, segundo o Censo do IBGE 2010 apresenta 344,2 mil pessoas surdas, nosso país reconheceu a Língua Brasileira de Sinais em abril de 2002, desde este período estamos tendo novos direcionamentos legais específicos à população que necessita de acessibilidade e integração social por meio da língua de sinais. Apresentamos a história da língua de sinais e os atuais engendramento dos arranjos familiares, para articular de maneira específica com aquelas que possuem filhos com deficiência na área da surdez. Buscamos descrever o impacto que ocorre e envolve os pais no momento da descoberta da surdez, todo sofrimento que se aproxima a uma espécie de enlutamento, em via de regra, causa inicialmente um distanciamento dos pais, seja causada pela surdez em si, seja pela fuga acometida por muitos. Isso faz com que a criança surda seja prejudicada em seu processo de formação biopsicossocial desde a sua primeira infância, que acaba por comprometer toda sua vida. Nosso tema se refere à necessidade fundamental do conhecimento da língua de sinais como forma de comunicação entre pais ouvintes e filhos com surdez, visando que essas famílias possam ter acesso e conhecimento sobre a Língua Brasileira de Sinais e a importância do aprendizado da língua de sinais como mediação do desenvolvimento da comunicação entre a família, na sociedade, como fortalecimento da formação de identidade do sujeito surdo, de sua composição social, visando seu processo de individuação e formação para vida adulta e a Língua Brasileira de Sinais, faz uma ponte entre o individuo e sua formação global como um ser social. Registramos o papel fundamental de formação dos profissionais do Serviço Social e outras áreas que atuam em contato com a sociedade, oportunizando o conhecimento, a desmitificação do preconceito e a oportunidade de termos na atualidade técnicos que possam ter diferenciais para intervenção nas equipes interdisciplinares. A realização da pesquisa deu-se em dois momentos ao contemplar resultados da pesquisa realizada em 2010 com pais ouvintes e filhos surdos em idade adulta e das entrevistas realizadas em 2014 com duas mães ouvintes com filhos surdos adultos. A análise dos conteúdos apresenta pontos de reflexão de como podemos intervir de forma eficaz para formação de profissionais com vistas a inclusão. Estamos interessados em buscar novos desdobramentos e parcerias para discussões. Por fim esperamos fornecer àqueles que possuem filho(a) surdo(a), caminhos para a superação dos entraves da comunicação e o despertamento de profissionais e da comunidade acadêmica para uma temática que envolve toda a sociedade