The written was the world of early medieval Iberia. Literacy was limited, but textuality was extensive, in the authority conferred on text and the arrangements made to use it. Roman inheritance is manifest, in documentary and legal culture, engendering literate expectations which define the period; continuity across conquest by Visigoths and Arabs, and the weakness of states in the north of the Peninsula, must lay to rest the traditional coupling of literacy with politics which underlies the paradigm of the Middle Ages. Between the eighth and eleventh centuries, as estates expanded to surmount locality and enter communities which had made do with memory, engagement with documentation was incentivized for the laity. Organization to do so followed, at one remove: the person of the scribe, who wrote the charter and recorded all those involved in and present at it, before recycling the text back into the community by public reading. The scribe mediated the text, and as his occupation consolidated he became more fully a literate interpreter. The charter, once created, had an active afterlife of dynamic circulation, enabled by multiple and accessible archives, particularly in the hands of the clergy. Written evidence was the surest defence in case of dispute; charters were self-promoting in their mutual citation as well as practical efficacy. But they also diffused legal knowledge: as each rhetorical, pragmatic, silent, and legislative reference to written law was read aloud by the scribe, how to capitalize on its provisions became better known, so kings and counts seized the potential. For the clergy, the Bible, canon law, and monastic rules were the texts which bestowed identity, but as they interacted with the laity, they set the charter in the history of salvation, and modelled textuality to society, as their monasteries became the microcosms of its written framework.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Andrea Cristina Nassar de Aquino.pdf: 3911591 bytes, checksum: c75c68bb2ee09aa64063be58a0a68392 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-24 / Esta pesquisa, realizada no interior do Grupo de Pesquisa Alfabetização e Letramento Escolar (ALFALE), tem como objetivo principal analisar catorze cadernos de planejamento de uma professora alfabetizadora, utilizados entre 2000 e 2013, com vistas a identificar permanências e mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas iniciais de alfabetização. A investigação se situa numa perspectiva da História Cultural uma vez que, para essa perspectiva, objetos comuns também guardam consigo características ou registros de uma época que se transformam em ricas fontes históricas, e que o estudo do passado, através dessas fontes, nos possibilita refletir sobre a nossa própria realidade e sobre a realidade do mundo que nos cerca. Na história da educação, a busca por estes arquivos está sendo cada vez mais frequente nas últimas décadas. Essa abordagem de interrogar e analisar o “como fazer”, consolidou um território profícuo para pesquisar como a cultura e os saberes se constroem no interior das escolas, e também como as pessoas absorvem e produzem essa cultura. Para fundamentar este trabalho, foram utilizados autores como Le Goff (1996), Chartier (2000), Mignot (2008), Gvirtz (1999), entre outros. Os cadernos escolares são fontes documentais que geram informações sobre o cotidiano escolar e sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Embora haja diferentes modelos e formas de uso, os cadernos são importantes documentos que se entrecruzam com a história da educação, podem trazer a riqueza de uma história arquivada entre as páginas que revelam as práticas pedagógicas da professora ao longo do tempo. Conduzimos a investigação para a reconstrução desse processo com uma análise acerca das próprias fontes e com a realização de depoimentos orais pela professora. Houve, também, um olhar sobre cadernos e folhas avulsas de seus alunos, na intenção de proporcionar maior enriquecimento dos dados das fontes. A análise se pautou nas seguintes categorias: a) Elementos paratextuais; b) Estrutura organizacional dos planejamentos; c) Contação de história e/ ou leitura de histórias; d) Interdisciplinaridade como opção metodológica; e) Atividades de leitura e escrita; f) O trabalho com diferentes gêneros textuais. Os resultados evidenciam, por um lado, a importância das fontes pesquisadas, os cadernos de planejamento, mostrando como, nestes registros, pode-se ler vários aspectos da cultura escolar e, assim, oferecendo-nos a oportunidade de conhecer um pouco da prática pedagógica dos autores desses manuscritos. Por outro lado, comprovaram que ocorreram mudanças na forma de trabalhar a língua materna, sendo que a professora investigada atribuiu, a cada ano, uma importância maior ao processo de alfabetização, entendido por ela como apropriação do sistema de escrita alfabética, por meio da intensificação na quantidade de tarefas e trabalho de forma interdisciplinar, promovendo, assim, o letramento. Segundo a professora, esses resultados foram obtidos com a formação contínua de professores no decorrer da sua carreira. Foram observadas algumas permanências, mas as mudanças foram em maior quantidade, considerando as categorias que elegemos para analisar. / This survey, conducted within the Literacy and Literacy School Research Group (ALFALE), aims to analyze fourteen books planning a literacy teacher, used between 2000 and 2013, in order to identify continuities and changes in initial pedagogical practices literacy. The investigation is located in a perspective of Cultural History since, to this perspective, common objects can also keep records or features of an era that become rich historical sources, and that the study of the past, from such sources, enables us to reflect about our own reality and the reality of the world around us. In the history of education, the search for these files is being increasingly used in recent decades. This approach to question and analyze the "how to" consolidated a fruitful area for research as culture and knowledge are built within schools, and also how people absorb and produce this crop. To support this work, the authors were used as Le Goff (1996) Chartier (2000), Mignot (2008), Gvirtz (1999), among others. The school notebooks are documentary sources that generate information about the daily school and the teaching-learning process. Although there are different models and usage, notebooks are important documents that are interwoven with the history of education, can bring the richness of a story filed between pages that reveal the pedagogical practices of the teacher over time. We conduct research for the reconstruction of this process with an analysis of their sources and the holding of oral testimony by the teacher. There was also a look at notebooks and loose sheets of his students in an attempt to provide greater enrichment of data sources.The analysis was based on the following categories: or) paratextuals elements; b) Organizational structure of the planning; c) storytelling and / or reading stories; d) Interdisciplinarity as a methodological option; e) reading and writing activities; f) Work with different genres. The results show, first, the importance researched sources, the contract planning, showing how these records, you can read various aspects of school culture and thus offering us the opportunity to meet some of the pedagogical practice the authors of these manuscripts. On the other hand, proved that there were changes in the way work the mother tongue, and the teacher investigated awarded each year, more importance to the literacy process, understood by her as ownership of the alphabetic writing system, through enhanced the amount of tasks and work in an interdisciplinary manner, thus promoting literacy. According to her, these results were obtained with the training of teachers in the course of his career. Some constants were observed, but the changes were in greater quantity, considering the categories we choose toanalyze.

Orientador: Sylvia Bueno Terzi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T11:41:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Torres_MariaEmiliaAlmeidadaCruz_D.pdf: 1029668 bytes, checksum: 69a7113d89eb212682192cb02b552631 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho em Lingüística Aplicada tem como tema a elaboração da concepção de leitura como prática social, por um grupo de professoras da rede municipal de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais. O objetivo é investigar as mudanças nas práticas de letramento desenvolvidas pelas professoras, ao serem expostas a uma visão de leitura que concebe o texto como objeto constituinte das práticas sociais. Privilegiando-se um contexto de ensino que focaliza, portanto, o modelo ideológico de letramento, procurou-se analisar, pelos fenômenos que se manifestaram nessas práticas, como essas professoras elaboram a mesclagem dos discursos teórico-acadêmicos ou Secundários, em face aos escolares e aos Primários, ao caminharem em direção à aceitação do modelo de leitura proposto. Os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos que embasaram as análises se sustentam nas teorias do letramento preconizadas pelos New Literacy Studies. Para a introdução do conceito de prática de letramento e para se analisar o histórico de letramento das professoras recorreu-se à Teoria Social do Letramento, que aliada às noções de Discurso, como o engajamento do indivíduo aos modos de pensar e agir dos grupos sociais configuraram os aportes conceituais que nortearam as observações sobre os movimentos desenvolvidos ao longo do processo de elaboração da concepção de texto como objeto social. Concluiu-se que as professoras desenvolvem modelos variados de letramento, que ora revelam transformações de movimentos anteriores e ora os reproduzem, conforme a atuação dos fatores determinantes no momento. A oscilação entre esses modelos se deveu às influências de suas condições de letramento. Verificou-se que, ao final do curso, em grau maior ou menor, houve mudanças em suas práticas, e indicaram uma aceitação e engajamento à concepção de texto como objeto social / Abstract: The theme of this work on Applied Linguistics is to elaborate on the concept of reading as a social practice, an assignment developed by a group of teachers who work for municipal schools in a town in the state of Minas Gerais. It aimed to investigate the changes in the literacy practices developed by such teachers, as they came into contact with an approach to reading that states the text is the constituent object of social practices. As the ideological model of literacy is the focus in that teaching environment, the analysis took into account the phenomena that occurred during those practices and how those teachers use the blending of the theoretical-academic or Secondary Discourses, with the schooled and the Primary ones, as they go along towards accepting the proposed reading model. The theoretical-methodological bases underlying the analyses follow the literacy theories recommended by the New Literacy Studies. To introduce the concept of literacy practice and also for analyzing the teachers' literacy history, it was decided to adopt the Social Theory of Literacy, a theory that encompasses the notions of Discourse, such as the engagement of the individual in the ways of thinking and acting of particular social groups, and that shape the conceptual contributions guiding the observations made on the movements developed throughout the process of elaborating the concept of text as social object. The conclusion was that the teachers develop several literacy models, sometimes revealing changes in former movements, some other times simply reproducing them, according to determining factors of the moment. Those models varied according to the influences of their literacy condition. It has been concluded that after completion of the course in a bigger or less degree there were changes in their practices, and they indicate an adhesion and engagement to the concept of text as a social object / Doutorado / Lingua Materna / Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

For African Americans, literacy has historically been rooted in passion, collaboration, and social justice. This study explores two distinct sites of historical African American literacy development: literary societies of the 1800s and print culture of the Harlem Renaissance. Notably, literacy and culture were fundamentally intertwined during these times, creating an urgency and inspiration for literary pursuits not often seen today. In an effort to rekindle this reverence and utility for literacy in classrooms today, a culturally sustaining pedagogy is called for. Culturally sustaining pedagogy seeks to leverage students’ cultural knowledge and skills. By culturally aligning curriculum and instruction, educators position students to experience the transformative power of literacy—a transformative power that was evident in African American literary societies and through the Harlem Renaissance print culture. This study seeks to merge historical and contemporary approaches to literacy development to reconceptualize literacy education and engagement for all students.

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore research assistants&rsquo / opinions regarding the courses they take during their graduate study in terms of improving their science perception and research skills. The research questions include research assistants&rsquo / assessments about the effectiveness of graduate courses on research skills and science perception, their evaluation of the graduate programs in terms of improving science perception, and their suggestions on the improvement of the quality of the graduate program regarding science perception and research skills. The sample for the present study contains 12 interviewees from four different v institutes of Middle East Technical University. The interviewees are all PhD candidates at METU. The sample was chosen by using purposive sampling. In this study, the data collection instrument was a semi-structured interview guide designed by the researcher. There were 8 main questions and 9 sub-questions. The collected data was analyzed through content analysis. The results of the study are presented under four main themes, which were derived from the research questions. First theme was the assessment of research skills which was about usefulness of courses, competence about research methods, reasons for not taking courses, problems because of not taking them. The second theme was the assessment of science perception which was about contributions of courses, reasons for not taking courses. The third theme was the evaluation of the graduate programs which consisted of should-be-developed and positive aspects. The last theme was about suggestions which could be realized by university administration and by personal efforts. In conclusion, the findings revealed that the research assistants are aware of the importance of research methods course for enhancing research skills, and of effectiveness of history and philosophy of science course regarding the improving of science perception. In this respect, based on literature review and the research assistants&rsquo / views it is suggested that history and philosophy of science course utilizing explicitly-reflective inquiry approach should be included curriculum of graduate programs.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:01:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabricia Pereira de Oliveira Dias.pdf: 4873137 bytes, checksum: 4c888242184a8c00dbdbb2e9606fc002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-30 / In the attempt of a dialogical proposal, this research report produces statements that try to register the history of literacy in the district of Serra (ES), from 1995 to 2003, period when the Bloco Único was prevailed. To do so, the work analyzes sources written by the State Department of Education (SEDU), by the Education Municipal System in Serra, besides the news found in the newspaper and the narratives of Teachers and Coordinators who act directly in the implementation and effectiveness of this project. The theoretical-methodological options Bloch (1997), Le Goff (2003), Graff (1995), Bakhtin (2006, 2010, 2010a, 2010b), Bakhtin and Volochínov (2010) allowed the dialogue with these different statements. Comparing the data regarding the Bloco Único with the voices of subjects who live such experience, this research stands out four discursive lines that permeate the implementation and implantation of the project: the discourse about school failure and teaching quality in the Espírito Santo public schools; the theoretical-methodological basis of the Bloco Único and the conceptual complexification proposed; the permanency of traditional methods regarding children s education practices; and the reduction of curricular guidelines for the appropriation of reading and writing in the Bloco Único. The analysis led to the reflection on the neoliberal context, which the cycle policies in Brazil are emerged, the school failure/success, the association between constructivism and Bloco Único, the perpetuation of traditional methods of teaching the language. After the discussions, it is found the need to hear the Education professionals at the time public policies are elaborated / Num ensaio de uma proposta dialógica, este relatório de pesquisa produz enunciados que tentam registrar a história da alfabetização no município da Serra (ES), entre 1995 e 2003, período em que vigorou o Bloco Único. Para isso, analisa fontes escritas assinadas pela Secretaria de Estado da Educação (Sedu), pelo Sistema Municipal de Educação da Serra, além de notícias de jornal impresso, fichas descritivas e narrativas de professores e coordenadora que atuaram diretamente na implantação e vigência desse projeto. As opções teórico-metodológicas Bloch (1997), Le Goff (2003), Graff (1995), Bakhtin (2006, 2010, 2010a, 2010b) e Bakhtin e Volochínov (2010) permitiram dialogar com esses diferentes enunciados. Cotejando os dados a respeito do Bloco Único com as vozes dos sujeitos que vivenciaram essa experiência, esta pesquisa evidencia quatro linhas discursivas que permearam a implantação e implementação do projeto: o discurso sobre o fracasso escolar e sobre a qualidade do ensino na escola pública capixaba; a fundamentação teórico-metodológica do Bloco Único e as complexificações conceituais propostas; a permanência de métodos tradicionais nas práticas de alfabetização infantil; e a redução das diretrizes curriculares para a apropriação da leitura e da escrita no Bloco Único. As análises conduziram à reflexão sobre o contexto neoliberal do qual emergem as políticas de ciclo no Brasil, o fracasso/sucesso escolar, a associação entre construtivismo e Bloco Único, a perpetuação dos métodos tradicionais de ensino da língua. Ao fim das discussões, constata a necessidade de se ouvir os profissionais de educação no momento de elaboração das políticas públicas

De l’Histoire de la littérature française de Gustave Lanson, dont la première édition date de 1894, aux manuels de littérature pour les classes de lycée publiés en 2011, une même représentation de la Renaissance et de sa littérature parcourt les ouvrages scolaires et peint la période sous les traits d’un « beau XVIe siècle », moment de réveil des arts, des lettres et des sciences. Or, si cette image s’impose comme une évidence, à travers les mécanismes itératifs de la transmission, elle s’avère en réalité une construction dont l’évolution historique souligne la dimension fictionnelle de la notion même de siècle littéraire.Liée aux mécanismes propres à l’histoire littéraire, qui découpe et met en récit la littérature selon des visées institutionnelles, l’image scolaire de la littérature du XVIe siècle s’avère en effet l’aboutissement de phénomènes parallèles de sélection, de modélisation et de hiérarchisation des auteurs et des textes. La mise en œuvre de ces différents mécanismes se traduit d’une part par la constitution et la diffusion d’un corpus canonique de la littérature du XVIe siècle dans les ouvrages scolaires, et d’autre par la création dans le discours scolaire de figures classiques pour les écrivains et poètes du siècle. La conjonction de ces processus détermine dès lors un ensemble canonique hiérarchisé et un discours unifié, une doxa, qui servent defondement à la représentation scolaire du siècle. Ce sont ces deux aspects constitutifs de l’image canonique de la littérature du XVIe siècle, la constitution du canon d’une part, la pérennité du discours scolaire d’autre part, qui sont analysés ici au moyen d’un large corpus d’ouvrages scolaires, étalé sur plus d’un siècle. Ce faisant, seront mis au jour les phénomènes de stabilisation et d’évolution de la doxa et du canon, en regard des mutations historiques et institutionnelles.La représentation canonique du siècle, de même que le canon des auteurs et des œuvres, se construit en effet en lien avec les impératifs institutionnels liés à la transmission de la littérature. Déterminant pourquoi et comment doit être transmise la littérature nationale, ces impératifs soulignent que les règles de sélection et de hiérarchisation des œuvres dans le canon sont édictées en fonction de visées politiques, sociales et idéologiques. L’étude de l’image scolaire de la littérature du XVIe siècle suppose dès lors d’interroger les valeurs et les représentations qui informent le discours des manuels et déterminent les formes prises par les représentations canoniques du siècle, afin de dégager les enjeux de l’imaginaire scolaire qui sous-tend cettevision. / From Michelet’s definition of the Renaissance and its literary productions in 1855 to the actual discourse of high school textbooks, this dissertation reveals the process by which a canonical representation of 16th century French Literature, as well as a canonical form of this literature, are built and shared. The study is based on a wide range of school textbooks, from Gustave Lanson’s Histoire de la littérature française to textbooks published in 2011, as well as literary anthologies from the first half of the 20th century and the famous Lagarde et Michard published from the 1940’s until the 1980’s.The form in which 16th century authors and their work are represented in these textbooks and anthologies indicates that several mechanisms contributed to bringing out the idea of a « literary century » which was organized by an institutional selection of texts on one hand, and, on the other hand, by the circulation of a doxa about both the writers and their writing. Therefore, as this discussion underlines the construction of classical representations for each of the most represented authors, it also establishes that these figures tend to create an overarching canonical representation of the century, as well as a canonical corpus for this time period. This canonical representation and its corpus take shape as a hierarchical construction, within which each author and literary work are given a specific place. This place thus determines the ranking of the writers in the canonical space, which cannot easily be changed, as the canon turns out to be quite identical throughout the length of the study. On the contrary, the institutional representations seem to evolve during the 20th century, and so the « 16th century » of Lanson proves to be quite different in its discursive form than the one of the current textbooks.Moreover, the canonical « idea » of a 16th century in French Literature is linked to the development of French literary history and its institutional goals. Thus, this idea has to be put in perspective with the ideological values which are meant to be transmitted by the national school curricula, from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st. This reveals that the notion of a « literary century » is essentially a historical construction, a narrative that ought to be questioned in order to understand its presuppositions and the values that inform its construction.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:47:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mara Denise Neitzke Dietrich_Dissertacao.pdf: 16157515 bytes, checksum: 4e5a70ac5708cfd644f8543c5bdd695d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-12 / This study presents the analysis from the production of Ler a Jato primer and the Literacy audio-phonographic method in 15 hours, written by the teacher Gilda de Freitas Tomatis, at 1960 decade, in Rio Grande do Sul. The period of this study considered the 1967 year, when it was edited the first primer sample of Ler a Jato until 1986, was the last date found during this research. For the data analysis it was done a crossing of the documents with the oral sources. Related to the oral sources, it was considered the semi structured interview with the teacher Gilda de Freitas Tomatis‟ daughter in Porto Alegre city, in October of 2010. Related to the documents were considered: photos, books, primers, vinyl discos, certificates, medals, a view from Researches Center and Educational Advising from Education and Culture Bureau of 1968, all them including a detailed evaluation about the Ler a Jato primer. Some of these documents were donated by the teacher Gilda Tomatis‟ daughter, along with other documents acquired at tallow and websites. About the theoretical-methodological option, this study was based on the epistemological model of evidentiary paradigm proposed by Ginzburg (2007), used as a research device to notice and to analyze the relevant elements in the documents. This way, these study results intend to contribute with the other searches in the Literacy History and Textbooks areas, showing important aspect regarding the production and the textbooks circulation which were done by the teacher Gilda de Freitas Tomatis through her Tomatis-Textbooks Publisher, based on the communications circuit proposed by Darnton (1995). Furthermore, this study still presents a comparative analysis between the Ler a Jato primer and the Primeiro Guia de Leitura LER from MEC, material used in Brazil since the late 1940s. The analysis from these primers displayed similarities between both of them, specially related to graphic aspects, for example, distribution and similarities between some images, page organization, lessons and the use of some key-words, among other things. / O trabalho apresenta a análise da produção da cartilha Ler a Jato e do Método Audiofonográfico de alfabetização em 15 horas, produzido pela professora Gilda de Freitas Tomatis, na década de 1960, no Rio Grande do Sul. A periodização deste estudo considerou o ano de 1967, ocasião em que foi editado o primeiro exemplar da cartilha Ler a Jato até o ano de 1986, data da última edição encontrada durante a realização da pesquisa. Para a análise dos dados, fez-se o cruzamento dos documentos com as fontes orais. Em relação às fontes orais, considerou-se a entrevista semiestruturada realizada com a filha da professora Gilda de Freitas Tomatis em Porto Alegre/RS em outubro de 2010. Em relação aos documentos foram considerados: fotos, livros, cartilhas, discos de vinil, certificados, medalhas, um parecer emitido pelo Centro de Pesquisas e Orientação Educacionais da Secretaria de Educação e Cultura de 1968, contendo uma avaliação detalhada sobre a cartilha Ler a Jato . Alguns desses documentos foram doados pela filha da professora Gilda Tomatis, aliados a outros documentos que adquiri junto a sebos e sites virtuais. O presente estudo, no que concerne à opção teórico-metodológica, baseou-se no modelo epistemológico do paradigma indiciário proposto por Ginzburg (2007), utilizado como dispositivo de pesquisa para perceber e analisar os elementos relevantes contidos nos documentos. Assim, os resultados deste estudo pretendem contribuir com as demais pesquisas na área da História da Alfabetização e dos Livros Escolares, revelando aspectos importantes da produção e a circulação dos materiais didáticos que foram produzidos pela professora Gilda de Freitas Tomatis, através de sua Editora Tomatis - Livros Didáticos, com base no circuito das comunicações proposto por Darnton (1995). Além disso, este trabalho ainda apresenta um estudo comparativo entre a cartilha Ler a Jato e o Primeiro Guia de Leitura LER do MEC, material de circulação no Brasil desde o final da década de 1940. A análise destas duas cartilhas evidenciaram semelhanças entre ambas, especialmente no que se refere aos aspectos gráficos, como, por exemplo, disposição e a semelhança entre algumas imagens, organização das páginas, das lições e o uso de algumas palavras-chave, dentre outros aspectos.