Resumo: O Segundo Tratado sobre o Governo Civil de John Locke é um dos textos fundadores da tradição liberal na política. Como muitos comentadores já observaram, o conceito de lei natural é central na argumentação desta obra. É a partir deste conceito que Locke desenvolve a idéia de direitos naturais, tais como o direito à liberdade, à vida e à propriedade. A finalidade do governo civil, segundo Locke, é a garantia e a preservação destes direitos naturais. Por outro lado, a liberdade de consciência (um dos direitos naturais do omem), pode ser a causa principal da desordem civil, na medida em que questiona a autoridade do governo instituído por consenso e faz de cada homem juiz de suas próprias ações. Esta dissertação procura mostrar como o filósofo inglês procurou equacionar este problema. Veremos que a tolerância defendida por Locke em seus escritos finais estabelece, dentre outras coisas, os direitos da liberdade de consciência. Trata-se de analisar como a noção de liberdade de consciência se desenvolve no pensamento lockeano e indicar o papel da lei natural em sua filosofia política.

Orientador: Cesar Aparecido Nunes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T10:35:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_AscisiodosReis_D.pdf: 553893 bytes, checksum: 0f1a1cd9db4c2b8c2af5a3580a99d1a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A tese apresentada discute o pensamento de John Locke, eminente pensador inglês do século XVII, que influência toda a modernidade desde o final do referido século. Está dividido o trabalho em cinco capítulos com a intenção de melhor delinear a forma de pensar do autor. No primeiro capítulo tratamos da idéia de estado de natureza, no segundo capítulo da passagem para a sociedade política, no terceiro discutimos o direito à propriedade, no quarto as possibilidades para uma ciência da moral e no quinto o seu modelo pedagógico para a sociedade moderna, através do texto: alguns pensamentos acerca da educação. Buscamos com este trabalho demonstrar a coerência e a consistência do pensamento de John Locke para a modernidade / Abstract: The thesis is about the John Locke¿s thought, eminent thinker English of the seventeen century, what influence all the modern age since the final of aforesaid century. This text is distributive in the five chapters whit the intention best to describe the form of sinking of philosopher. In the first chapter talk of idea de natural state, in the second chapter of pass for the politics society, in the third discussion of the law of property, in the fourth the possibility for the science of moral and the fifth his pedagogy¿s models for the moderns society, through of the text: some thought concerning of education. Searching across this text to demonstrate the coherence and the consistence of sinking of John Locke for the modern ages / Doutorado / Historia, Filosofia e Educação / Doutor em Educação

Recent history has abundantly justified J. S. Mlll's theory that the power of soclety over the indivldual is llkely to increase without limlt If lt was not prevented. One of the most obvlous phenomena of our times has been the rise of the so-called totalltarlan systems of government; states that treat the lndlvldual as a being wlth no other end but the servlce of the state and which are prepared to use the advanced technlques which modern scientific research has made available to them to mould the individual as the perfect tool of the system.

The problem that this thesis addresses is what was meant by politics based on consent in seventeenth-century England. It proceeds by examining several of the best-known English political writers, beginning with Richard Hooker and ending with John Locke. It attempts to offer an historical account of the meaning of consent, and its relationship to political obligation. The method used is both philosophical and historical. It examines the cogency and coherence of doctrines of consent that were articulated, beginning with Hooker, touches on several theories of consent that arose during the period of the English Civil War, and examines the relative importance of consent theories during the Restoration and Glorious Revolution. It considers consent, or contract theory in light of two models: a 'social contract theory' that argues from a state of nature, and 'constitutional contract theory' that understands consent as consent to law. The nature of political obligation is a function of both varieties of consent theory. The general conclusion is that, despite the arguments of the Levellers for a politics based on 'each man's consent', John Locke does not use this vocabulary of consent. He relies instead on a variant form of English constitutionalism, a variety of consent theory that has affinities with that of Richard Hooker's, that assumes that Parliament consents to law for all. It concludes by arguing that, in spite of recent readings of consent theories that have suggested that political obligation was simply understood as a duty to God, one's consent to particular laws was a necessary component of one's obligation and willingness to obey. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

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En la discusión contemporánea relativa a la obra de John Locke, uno de los ejes claves de la interpretación de su obra versa sobre el papel que juega en su filosofía la ley natural. La discusión pone en debate dos posturas principales: las lecturas que sostienen que el concepto derecho natural es la noción clave en la filosofía de Locke; y por otro lado, lecturas que sostienen que la comprensión teológica de ley natural juega un rol primordial en la comprensión de la filosofía política de Locke. La presente tesis busca defender la preeminencia de la ley natural como fundamento de los derechos naturales y la constitución del Estado. Para lograr defender la preeminencia de esta en la filosofía de Locke, en primer lugar, se le dará relevancia a las consideraciones teológicas lockeanas acerca de los deberes del hombre para con Dios como elemento clave para el establecimiento de los derechos naturales. En segundo lugar, se buscará evidenciar de qué forma se encuentra la ley natural en la base de la constitución, la legitimidad, los alcances y límites del Estado. Por último, se realizará una crítica a las interpretaciones de Leo Strauss y Eric Mack, las cuales defienden la primacía de los derechos naturales respecto a la ley natural para luego analizar cómo las consideraciones lockeanas respecto a la caridad le dan un fuerte soporte a esta lectura.

This is a study of the work of John Locke and his ideas relating to the field of semantics.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-15T12:50:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 434483.pdf: 1073765 bytes, checksum: ab2f37824bea5e6655d20b7030ceb05a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-06 / Esta disserta??o apresentada para o Mestrado em Teologia ? um registro reflexivo sobre Teologia da Toler?ncia. Com base na cristologia, eclesialidade, Teologia e pastoral, enfoca o tema a partir das premissas da Carta Sobre a Toler?ncia, de John Locke, publicada em 1689, e dos textos sagrados. Aborda a intoler?ncia religiosa causadora do surgimento de argumentos teol?gicos em apoio ? toler?ncia. Princ?pios te?ricos em defesa da toler?ncia religiosa s?o recolhidos nos contextos da separa??o entre pol?tica e religi?o, do direito ? liberdade de consci?ncia, de culto, da privacidade religiosa e das diferen?as. Sem impor uma resposta ?nica ? conduta crist?, demonstra-se, por uma hermen?utica sistem?tica, que a toler?ncia crist? supera limites hist?rico-culturais e circunst?ncias pol?tico-religiosas e que em Jesus Cristo ? poss?vel a melhor resposta para o modus vivendi crist?o em tempo de sociedade plural.

This dissertation investigates the relationship between religion and the state in Enlightenment Europe as articulated by John Locke, Benedict de Spinoza and Jean Jacques Rousseau. I conduct the study focusing mainly on the primary texts of the above-mentioned theorists. Locke and Spinoza conceived of toleration to be the best way in which religion and the secular state could peacefully co-exist, even though they differed considerably in their respective understanding of the concept. Locke conceived of toleration using a moderate theological framework, predominantly paying attention to freedom of worship and the separate spheres of influence for religion and the state. On the other hand, Spinoza was radically secular in his interpretation focusing mainly on the freedom of thought, speech and even the press. Rousseau provided the main alternative to Locke and Spinoza's ideas on toleration. His understanding of the most effective relationship between religion and the state revolved around the implementation of a civil religion. This would be a religion based on civil principles. Rousseau argued that good citizenship, a good lawgiver, patriotism, the doctrine of separation of powers and an elective aristocracy were important for his ideas on civil religion to function effectively. Given the context of Enlightenment Europe, this dissertation concludes that toleration, or more exactly Locke's version of it, now forms the foundation of most Western secular states. This is because it did not digress from the most important aspects of contemporary religious doctrine. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.