Detta arbete har för avsikt att kartlägga den konflikt som uppstod vid Fagersta Bruk underlockouten 1923. Arbetets material kommer huvudsakligen från Fagersta Kommuns arkiv därmaterialet om Fagersta Bruks AB finns. Annat material som undersöks är från Svenska Metallindustriarbetareförbundavdelning 132.Arbetet visar hur Fagersta Bruks ekonomi var skuldsatt och i behov av likvida medel i en tidav lågkonjunktur. Den lockout som utlystes medförde dock inte några insparningar utan konjunkturenvände och företaget försökte få igång produktionen men fackförbundet kämpadeemot. Förbundet hade för avsikt att få igenom sina krav. Dessa krav kretsade framförallt kringatt behålla 8-timmarsdagen och att få högre löner. Något de även fick.Den ökade konjunkturuppgången medförde ökad orderingång och fler anställda, slutfacit avkonflikten medförde högre löner, lite bättre villkor av arbetstiderna och 4 dagars semester förarbetarna.

I denna uppsats belyses på ett lokalt plan i Landskrona den stora kraftmätning som ägde rum på den svenska arbetsmarknaden 1909 med omfattande lockouter och storstrejk. Sammanlagt drogs 300 000 arbetare in i konflikten som pågick från den 4 augusti till omkring den 6 september. Orsakerna till storkonflikten var en serie lockouter som iscensattes av arbetsgivarsidan och som den fackliga sidan mötte med en omfattande arbetsnedläggelse. I bakgrunden till konflikten fanns de stora samhällsförändringar som industrialismen orsakade. Det svenska samhället förändrades i snabb takt vilket bland annat resulterade i tillkomsten av en arbetarklass och en ökad polarisering av samhället. Därtill skall läggas de bakomliggande orsaker som bestod av upplysningens strävan att sätta människan i centrum och uppfattningen om alla människors lika värde vilket ledde till en kamp för allmän rösträtt och ökad demokrati. LO-ledningen var till en början försiktig och såg inte storstrejken som en lösning på problemen på arbetsmarknaden eftersom det saknades pengar för att understödja en större konflikt. Delvis mot LO-ledningens uppfattning drevs storstrejken fram av de fackligt organiserade arbetarna med motivet att en så omfattande arbetsnedläggelse skulle sätta hela samhället i gungning och tvinga fram en acceptabel uppgörelse med arbetsgivarparten. I denna uppsats studeras hur de tre fackliga organisationerna Landskrona Sömmerskefackförening, Fabriksarbetareförbundet Grovarbetaravdelning 4 och Jern och Metallarbetarförbundet avdelning 40 – samtliga representerade i Landskrona – påverkades av storstrejken. De tre förbunden organiserade arbetare på arbetsplatser i Landskrona inom en begynnande tekoindustri, konstgödnings- och sockerfabrik och inom verkstadsföretag samt den begynnande varvsnäringen. De frågor som ställs till materialet är: Vilka strategier användes av de fackliga organisationerna? Vilka var målsättningarna med den fackliga verksamheten? Hur förändrades dessa över tid? På vilket sätt utgjorde Landskronas fackliga verksamhet någonting särpräglat i jämförelse med verksamheten på nationell nivå? Hur uppfattades stridsåtgärderna på ett lokalt fackligt plan? Studien visar att de lokala fackföreningarna ställdes inför helt nya uppgifter när de gällde att administrera strejken, värna medlemmarnas intresse och organisera insatser för att minska den nöd som uppstod i arbetarhemmen.

Thesis advisor: Richard, S.J. McGowan / At the very core of the National Basketball Association’s labor negotiations between the owners and the players during the 2011 lockout was the league’s argument that its economic structure was broken. Owners contended that the NBA’s soft salary cap system, and the resulting payroll disparity, has put small-market franchises at a talent disadvantage and produced a league of haves and have-nots. To remedy this purported competitive balance problem, the owners demanded severe policy measures to decrease the pay dispersion among teams. However, the players union cautioned that these hardline provisions were merely an attempt to transfer wealth from players to owners. This charge warranted further analysis. Existing literature on this topic is either outdated or insufficient in scope. As such, using regression analysis, this thesis evaluated the league’s argument and determined to what extent the league’s soft salary cap system has contributed to its competitive imbalance.The empirical analysis of this thesis produced several meaningful conclusions. While the NBA has relative imbalance, it does not affect consumer demand for the regular season product. Moreover, while pay dispersion exists, additional salary expenditures only marginally add to a team’s winning percentage. There is no significant relationship between payroll disparity and competitive balance. Finally, with the escalating importance of media rights contracts and the historical appreciation of franchise valuation, the league overstated the financial distress of most of its small-market owners. Overall, the NBA and its owners used deceptive rhetoric and misleading economic policies to decrease player salaries, not to increase competitive balance, in a collusive effort to maximize profits and reassert its diminishing monopsony power in an increasingly star-driven league. / Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Carroll School of Management. / Discipline: Carroll School of Management Honors Program. / Discipline: Economics.

Lockout Tagout (LOTO) is a safety procedure instated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) when doing maintenance on dangerous machinery and hazardous power sources. In this procedure, authorized workers shut off the machinery and use physical locks and tags to prevent operation during maintenance. LOTO has been the industry standard for 32 years since it was instantiated, being used in many different industries such as industrial work, mining, and agriculture. However, LOTO is not without its issues. The LOTO procedure requires employees to be trained and is prone to human error. As well, there is a clash between the technological advancement of machinery and the requirement of physical locks and tags required for LOTO. In this thesis, we propose a digital LOTO system to help streamline the LOTO procedure and increase the safety of the workers with machine learning. We first discuss what LOTO is, its current requirements, limitations, and issues. Then we look at current IoT locks and digital LOTO solutions and compare them to the requirements of traditional LOTO. Then we present our proposed digital LOTO system which will enhance the safety of workers and streamline the LOTO process with machine learning. Our digital LOTO system uses a rule-based system that enforces and streamlines the LOTO procedure and uses machine learning to detect potential violations of LOTO standards. We also validate that our system fulfills the requirements of LOTO and that the combination of machine learning and rule-based systems ensures the safety of workers by detecting violations with high accuracy. Finally, we discuss potential future work and improvements on this system as this thesis is part of a larger collaboration with Chevron, which plans to implement a digital LOTO system in their oil fields.

Title: NHL and crisis Objectives: The goal of this diploma thesis is to analyze crisis of the National Hockey League and to make the economic forecast of the league and chosen clubs. Other goals are to introduce the league, its game system and the way of leading. Then to make an analysis of each crisis which the NHL went through during its history and to identify their causes. Methods: A qualitative and quantitative research, concretely descriptive analysis and the linear regression, which was made by the Microsoft Excel programme and its function TREND, were used in this thesis. Descriptive analysis was used for introduction of the National Hockey League and for definition of the main terms about the topic. The Microsoft function TREND was used for the forecast of the NHL and NHL team's economic situation. Results: Result of this diploma thesis is a summary of the most important terms and facts about the National Hockey League. Also a summary of the NHL crisis and an identification of their reasons. The main reason is that the team owners have completely different interests than the players, which can result to the lockout. The lockouts harm the richest teams and help the poorer ones, sometimes it can even solve them from bankruptcy. The biggest problem has been the high level of player's salary....

Cette dissertation de doctorat développe des contributions importantes à la littérature sur la négociation salariale. Nous introduisons des taux d’actualisation variant dans le temps pour les modèles de négociation salariale afin de modéliser des situations réelles d’une manière plus précise. Dans le Chapitre 1, nous présentons les objectifs principaux de cette dissertation. Dans le Chapitre 2, nous offrons un bref aperçu de la littérature sur les modèles de négociation, plus précisément des modèles de négociation salariale. Nous rappelons les approches axiomatiques et stratégiques des modèles de négociation et étudions en détail l’approche stratégique des modèles de négociation salariale. Dans le Chapitre 3, nous étudions le modèle de négociation salariale avec des préférences qui varient dans le temps. Tout d’abord, nous analysons les équilibres en sous-jeu parfait dans le modèle, d’autre part, nous déterminons les gains d’équilibre en sous-jeux parfaits des parties. Par ailleurs, nous étudions les équilibres inefficaces dans le modèle. Dans le Chapitre 4, nous étudions quelques extensions du modèle de négociation salariale généralisé. Premièrement, nous analysons les négociations salariales avec les actions de “go-slow” et étudions les gains d’équilibre en sous-jeux parfaits. Par ailleurs, nous étudions un modèle de négociation salariale où la firme a l’option de “lockouts”. Dans le Chapitre 5, nous appliquons les modèles de négociation de salaires généralisés aux problèmes de la vie réelle, comme les négociations de prix. Dans le Chapitre 6, nous présentons les conclusions et donnons de nouvelles perspectives à nos recherches futures. / This Ph.D. dissertation develops important contributions to the literature on wage bargaining. We introduce discount rates varying in time to the wage bargaining models in order to model real life situations in a more accurate way. In Chapter 1, we state the main objectives of this dissertation. In Chapter 2, we deliver a brief literature overview of bargaining models, more precisely wage bargaining models. We recall axiomatic and strategic approaches to bargaining and then describe in details strategic approach to wage bargaining models. In Chapter 3, we investigate the wage bargaining model with preferences varying in time. First, we analyze subgame perfect equilibria in the model and then determine the subgame perfect equilibria payoffs of the parties. Furthermore, we study the inefficient equilibria in the model. In Chapter 4, we investigate some extensions of the generalized wage bargaining model. First, we analyze wage bargaining with the go-slow actions of the union and study the subgame perfect equilibrium payoffs. Next, we investigate a wage bargaining model where the firm has the lockout option. In Chapter 5, we apply the generalized wage bargaining models to real life problems, such as price negotiations. In Chapter 6, we present conclusions and give new insights to our future research.

The period saw the founding of the first Swedish employers´ associations as a reaction to the preceding decades´ growth of industrial trade unions. Conflicting ideas fought about supremacy. Not only was the fight carried out across the social dividing line separating workers from the bourgeoisie, but also between groups on either side: hawks versus doves among employers; revolutionaries versus reformers among workers. The study uses an actor perspective, comparing three leading industrialists in their particular roles as employers. It analyzes the development of ideas over the period studied, using minutes from meetings, company memos, letters, speeches and newspapers as primary sources. In addition, it is action-orientated and analyzes major labour conflicts that were fought and agreements that were reached. It applies a split vision, taking into regard the contemporary views and actions of the labour unions. Its perspective moves between the individual, the company and the organizational levels, with the primary aim to see what changes in the traditional patriarchal employer policies that were considered and to what extent such changes were realized. A major result is the evidence of the irreconcilable views on the subject of strike breakers/loyal workers -- two conflicting terms for one phenomenon that indicate a gap between two different sets of values. Differing views among employers on how to relate to this gap caused frictions in the years 1906-09. The outcome of the general strike in 1909 ended in a harsh employer organizations policy for more than the two following decades. It was replaced by the mutual spirit, later known as the Swedish Model, materialized in the Saltsjöbaden general agreements of 1938.

THE RIGHT TO STRIKE AND LOCK-OUT ABSTRACT The content of this thesis is to outline the issue of strikes and lock-outs in the Czech republic, both in terms of current legislation, as well as in future ones. On previous pages I try to describe strike actions from the historical and economic points of view, but I also try to compare their individual characters within the EU countries and to accent their specific features and patterns, which are typical for the state or region. I spent an essentional part of my work by studying strikes not modified by acts and the questions of their legality. I gradually evolved into a full knowledge of complete state of freedom of association in our country because of Judicial decisions I didn't know before. I drew my conclusions primarily from literature, articles from distinguished academics and renowned experts and of course from court cases. The importace of legislative was relative because the lawmaker did not fully explore this area. I describe strikes and lockouts as a general phenomenon, whose presence is desirable in every developed community. But I also realized the individual typological aspects of employment law entities. I tried to create work that consistently includes the full scope of relationships and contained all eventualities that come with the right to...

The main objective of the study was to determine the risk(s) associated with lockout/tagout of hazardous energy and propose a new LOTO procedure which tracks the implementation of LOTO to mitigate against identified risks as a basis for promotion of safety. The study focuses on electrical personnel working in PHCN. Only electrical accident risks are examined, not other types of risk e.g. mechanical, chemical, and nuclear. To gather material for this study, a questionnaire was distributed amongst electrical workers in PHCN and their supervisors were interviewed. Relevant literature and publications were studied as reference. According to electrical personnel experience, electrocution, arc flash, arc blast, burns and lockout and tagout of the wrong electrical circuit are seen as the biggest electrical safety risk with regards to LOTO of hazardous energy. The research reveals new information about electrical accident risks. This information is used to create a procedure for tracking LOTO of hazardous energy. The procedure can be utilized in the mitigation of electrical risks and promotion of / Thesis (MIng (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The main objective of the study was to determine the risk(s) associated with lockout/tagout of hazardous energy and propose a new LOTO procedure which tracks the implementation of LOTO to mitigate against identified risks as a basis for promotion of safety. The study focuses on electrical personnel working in PHCN. Only electrical accident risks are examined, not other types of risk e.g. mechanical, chemical, and nuclear. To gather material for this study, a questionnaire was distributed amongst electrical workers in PHCN and their supervisors were interviewed. Relevant literature and publications were studied as reference. According to electrical personnel experience, electrocution, arc flash, arc blast, burns and lockout and tagout of the wrong electrical circuit are seen as the biggest electrical safety risk with regards to LOTO of hazardous energy. The research reveals new information about electrical accident risks. This information is used to create a procedure for tracking LOTO of hazardous energy. The procedure can be utilized in the mitigation of electrical risks and promotion of / Thesis (MIng (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.