The effective management of a strike is generally a challenging phenomenon which impacts on employers, employees and the general public. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the legal implications of employees’ participation in an unprotected strike. The study also explored requirements for a strike to be protected in compliance with the prescribed legislation. From the literary review, cases and legislation, it became clear that compliance plays a key role when a consideration is taken by employees to take part in a strike during dispute resolution. In analysing the legal consequences for participating in an unprotected strike, a finding was made that employers in the end have an upper hand in that when all due processes and procedures are followed, they are empowered to dismiss employees. Legislation and international standards form the cornerstone upon which dispute resolution mechanisms and the rights of employers and employees are derived from. / Mercantile Law / LL.M. (Labour law)

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika en die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge verleen aan werknemers die reg om te staak. Die reg is egter nie onbeperk nie. Op grond van die voldoening aan wetlike vereistes, word stakings as beskermd of onbeskermd geklassifiseer. Beskermde stakers kan ontslaan word weens wangedrag tydens die staking of op grond van die bedryfsvereistes van die werkgewer. Die werkgewer se bedryfsvereistes sal ontslag regverdig indien sy /haar vlak van toleransie bereik is. Dit sal die geval wees indien die werkgewer se besigheid met ondergang gedreig word of onherroeplike skade gaan ly, sou die staking voortduur. Aile relevante faktore moet egter in ag geneem word. Daar is nie tans 'n vasgestelde toets in die verband nie en daar word ook aan die hand gedoen dat billikheid, met inagneming van al die relevante faktore en omstandighede, die belangrikste oorweging moet wees. 'n Vasgestelde toets vir die bepaling van die werkgewer se vlak van toleransie, word afgekeur. / The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and the Labour Relations Act give employees the right to strike. This right is, however, not unlimited. By reason of the satisfaction of statutory requirements, strikes are classified as protected or unprotected. Protected strikers may be dismissed for misconduct during the strike or by reason of the operational requirements of the employer. The employer's operational requirements will justify dismissal when his/her level of tolerance is reached. This will be the case when the employer's business is on the brink of extinction or about to suffer irreparable harm. All the relevant facts must however be taken into account. Currently there is no definite test in this regard and it is proposed that fairness, taking into account all the relevant facts and circumstances, be the overriding consideration. A specific test for the determination of the employer's level of tolerance must be rejected. / Economics and Management Sciences / LL.M.

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / The statutory definition of the lock-out encompasses certain acts (inter alia termination of contracts of employment) which must be executed by the employer with a certain purpose. The Appellate Division has recently found that the employment relationship not necessarily terminates similarly to the common law contract of employment, but may subsist after termination of the contract of employment. The industrial court does not easily accept that it has been deprived of its unfair labour practice jurisdiction where terminations of employment take place in consequence of a lock-out. The motive of the employer seems to be decisive. In line with both the trend in first world countries and principles established by the courts in South Africa, the Constitution and especially recent labour legislation significantly curtail the bargaining power of the employer because it is progressively being believed that the employer has sufficient economic power to his disposal. / Die omskrywing van die uitsluiting in wetgewing omvat sekere handelinge {onder andere beeindiging van dienskontrakte) wat deur die werkgewer met 'n sekere doel verrig moet word. Die Appelhof het onlangs beslis dat die diensverhouding na beeindiging van die dienskontrak kan bly voortduur en nie noodwendig soos die gemeenregtelike dienskontrak ten einde loop nie. Die nywerheidshof aanvaar ook nie geredelik dat hy in geval van diensbeeindiging wat volg op 'n uitsluiting van sy onbillike arbeidspraktyk jurisdiksie ontneem is nie. Die motief van die werkgewer blyk hier deurslaggewend te wees. In lyn met sowel die ne1g1ng in eerstew~reldse lande, asook beginsels reeds deur die howe in Suid-Afrika gevestig, word die bedingingsmag van die werkgewer ingevolge die Grondwet en veral onlangse arbeidswetgewing betekenisvol ingekort omrede toenemend aanvaar word dat die werkgewer oor voldoende ekonomiese mag beskik. / Law / LL.M.

The healthcare strike action that rocked South Africa in 2007 and 2010 highlighted the trend of professional nurses towards exercising their rights as employees to embark on strike actions, often also in solidarity with other categories of employees. This study aimed to highlight the problem brought about by the lack of proactive strategies to maintain a balance between human and professional rights and responsibilities of nurses within the legal framework of South Africa. The theoretical grounding of the study included both organisational change models and transformational leadership models. A descriptive and analytic design was followed, using both qualitative and quantitative non-probability sampling approaches to meet the research objectives of determining factors for nurses‘ involvement in strikes and their impact. Eighty professional nurses were included as the total sample of the study with 53 that did not participate in strike action and 27 that participated in strike action. A sample of eleven nurse managers was also included in the study to determine their views on strikes by nurses and their understanding of the changing work environment. To determine the overall impact of the nurses‘ strike, 40 healthcare consumers were included. The sample was selected from four provinces: Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal; Western Cape and Gauteng. The study was limited to professional nurses, nurse managers within the public-health sector and healthcare consumers using public-health facilities. The findings and the relevant literature referred to in this study indicate that though there are different reasons for strike action in the public-health sector by area or by country, remuneration is undoubtedly the most mentioned reason. Important to note is that salary per se is not the most critical actor but it is a tangible measure of the value that the employer places on people. In the absence of other incentives in the nursing environment, it becomes the focal point. However, addressing salary issues alone will not prevent strike action in the public-health sector / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

The healthcare strike action that rocked South Africa in 2007 and 2010 highlighted the trend of professional nurses towards exercising their rights as employees to embark on strike actions, often also in solidarity with other categories of employees. This study aimed to highlight the problem brought about by the lack of proactive strategies to maintain a balance between human and professional rights and responsibilities of nurses within the legal framework of South Africa. The theoretical grounding of the study included both organisational change models and transformational leadership models. A descriptive and analytic design was followed, using both qualitative and quantitative non-probability sampling approaches to meet the research objectives of determining factors for nurses‘ involvement in strikes and their impact. Eighty professional nurses were included as the total sample of the study with 53 that did not participate in strike action and 27 that participated in strike action. A sample of eleven nurse managers was also included in the study to determine their views on strikes by nurses and their understanding of the changing work environment. To determine the overall impact of the nurses‘ strike, 40 healthcare consumers were included. The sample was selected from four provinces: Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal; Western Cape and Gauteng. The study was limited to professional nurses, nurse managers within the public-health sector and healthcare consumers using public-health facilities. The findings and the relevant literature referred to in this study indicate that though there are different reasons for strike action in the public-health sector by area or by country, remuneration is undoubtedly the most mentioned reason. Important to note is that salary per se is not the most critical actor but it is a tangible measure of the value that the employer places on people. In the absence of other incentives in the nursing environment, it becomes the focal point. However, addressing salary issues alone will not prevent strike action in the public-health sector / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marta Casadei Momezzo.pdf: 2419243 bytes, checksum: 44a89808a440292455907c2f4de2b59b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-03 / The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that strikes should only be called as ultima ratio, after negotiation attempts have completely failed. Striking has reached the status of a right and, as such, it is not an absolute right. When a strike breaks out involving the essential services, workers private interests conflict with the interests of society, which is extraneous to the conflict and deeply affected by it. In these cases, there is the obligation to assure the minimum services as a means of harmonizing the conflicting interests; otherwise, there is a risk the fundamental right to strike will be weakened. The determination of these minimum services by the Judiciary almost always conflicts with the strikers interests and it does not meet society s interests. Therefore, the best way is to establish procedures for the essential services strike by means of collective bargaining involving not only the participation of labor unions, but also the Ministério Público, representatives of the Government and the users of these services. Collective bargaining constitutes a prime instrument for the appeasement of labor conflicts and, for it to be effectively carried out, an environment of complete union freedom is required. The Constitutional Amendment no. 45/04 has brought great advancement in collective bargaining in our country for it conditioned the exercise of normative competence to common consent and authorized the action of collective bargaining in essential services striking by the Ministério Público do Trabalho in order to defend public interest solely. Besides that, with the existing instruments, it is already possible to enhance collective bargaining on condition that there is a change in the profile of citizens performance / O objetivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar que a greve somente deve ser utilizada como ultima ratio, depois de efetivamente frustradas as tentativas de negociação. A greve chegou ao patamar de direito e, como tal, não é absoluto. Quando deflagrada em serviços essenciais, os interesses particulares dos trabalhadores entram em conflito com os interesses gerais da sociedade, alheia ao conflito e tão afetada por ele. Nesses serviços, há a obrigação de prestação dos serviços mínimos como forma de harmonizar os interesses em conflito, sob pena de desgaste do direito fundamental de greve. A determinação pelo Poder Judiciário dos serviços mínimos quase sempre conflita com os interesses dos grevistas e não atende aos interesses da sociedade. Daí, o melhor caminho é a procedimentalização da greve em serviços essenciais pela negociação coletiva, envolvendo a participação não apenas dos sindicatos, mas também do Ministério Público, representantes do Governo e dos usuários dos serviços. A negociação coletiva constitui instrumento primordial para pacificação dos conflitos trabalhistas e, para ser efetivamente praticada, exige um ambiente de plena liberdade sindical. A Emenda Constitucional n. 45/04 trouxe um grande avanço para a negociação coletiva em nosso país, pois condicionou o exercício da competência normativa ao comum acordo e autorizou a ação de dissídio coletivo pelo Ministério Público do Trabalho nas greves em serviços essenciais para a defesa apenas do interesse público. Fora isso, já é possível, com os instrumentos existentes, incrementar a negociação coletiva, bastando apenas uma mudança no perfil de atuação dos atores sociais

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika en die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge verleen aan werknemers die reg om te staak. Die reg is egter nie onbeperk nie. Op grond van die voldoening aan wetlike vereistes, word stakings as beskermd of onbeskermd geklassifiseer. Beskermde stakers kan ontslaan word weens wangedrag tydens die staking of op grond van die bedryfsvereistes van die werkgewer. Die werkgewer se bedryfsvereistes sal ontslag regverdig indien sy /haar vlak van toleransie bereik is. Dit sal die geval wees indien die werkgewer se besigheid met ondergang gedreig word of onherroeplike skade gaan ly, sou die staking voortduur. Aile relevante faktore moet egter in ag geneem word. Daar is nie tans 'n vasgestelde toets in die verband nie en daar word ook aan die hand gedoen dat billikheid, met inagneming van al die relevante faktore en omstandighede, die belangrikste oorweging moet wees. 'n Vasgestelde toets vir die bepaling van die werkgewer se vlak van toleransie, word afgekeur. / The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and the Labour Relations Act give employees the right to strike. This right is, however, not unlimited. By reason of the satisfaction of statutory requirements, strikes are classified as protected or unprotected. Protected strikers may be dismissed for misconduct during the strike or by reason of the operational requirements of the employer. The employer's operational requirements will justify dismissal when his/her level of tolerance is reached. This will be the case when the employer's business is on the brink of extinction or about to suffer irreparable harm. All the relevant facts must however be taken into account. Currently there is no definite test in this regard and it is proposed that fairness, taking into account all the relevant facts and circumstances, be the overriding consideration. A specific test for the determination of the employer's level of tolerance must be rejected. / Economics and Management Sciences / LL.M.

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / The statutory definition of the lock-out encompasses certain acts (inter alia termination of contracts of employment) which must be executed by the employer with a certain purpose. The Appellate Division has recently found that the employment relationship not necessarily terminates similarly to the common law contract of employment, but may subsist after termination of the contract of employment. The industrial court does not easily accept that it has been deprived of its unfair labour practice jurisdiction where terminations of employment take place in consequence of a lock-out. The motive of the employer seems to be decisive. In line with both the trend in first world countries and principles established by the courts in South Africa, the Constitution and especially recent labour legislation significantly curtail the bargaining power of the employer because it is progressively being believed that the employer has sufficient economic power to his disposal. / Die omskrywing van die uitsluiting in wetgewing omvat sekere handelinge {onder andere beeindiging van dienskontrakte) wat deur die werkgewer met 'n sekere doel verrig moet word. Die Appelhof het onlangs beslis dat die diensverhouding na beeindiging van die dienskontrak kan bly voortduur en nie noodwendig soos die gemeenregtelike dienskontrak ten einde loop nie. Die nywerheidshof aanvaar ook nie geredelik dat hy in geval van diensbeeindiging wat volg op 'n uitsluiting van sy onbillike arbeidspraktyk jurisdiksie ontneem is nie. Die motief van die werkgewer blyk hier deurslaggewend te wees. In lyn met sowel die ne1g1ng in eerstew~reldse lande, asook beginsels reeds deur die howe in Suid-Afrika gevestig, word die bedingingsmag van die werkgewer ingevolge die Grondwet en veral onlangse arbeidswetgewing betekenisvol ingekort omrede toenemend aanvaar word dat die werkgewer oor voldoende ekonomiese mag beskik. / Law / LL.M.

PARENTE, Eduardo Oliveira. Operários em movimento: a trajetória de luta dos trabalhadores da Ceara Light (Fortaleza, 1917 - 1932). 2008. 205 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Fortaleza-CE, 2008. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-25T12:20:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_EOParente.pdf: 1120978 bytes, checksum: d214dbadf9f547e10e44f3980331ecec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-06-25T14:54:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_EOParente.pdf: 1120978 bytes, checksum: d214dbadf9f547e10e44f3980331ecec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-25T14:54:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_EOParente.pdf: 1120978 bytes, checksum: d214dbadf9f547e10e44f3980331ecec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / This paper tries to analyze the fighting and organizational trajectory of the employees of the British company Ceara Tramway Light and Power Company, between the years 1917 and 1932. Our study intends to investigate the processes of mobilization and organization adopted by these workers, focusing on the specific contents of their demands, the negotiation practices with their bosses and the fighting strategies they used. At the same time we will analyze the political and ideological options embraced by the workers on the each strike period and how those experiences contributed to the configuration of the political culture of the workers. / Esta pesquisa pretende analisar a trajetória de luta e organização dos trabalhadores da companhia inglesa Ceará Tramway, Light and Power Company, no período compreendido entre 1917 e 1932. Nosso estudo se propõe averiguar os processos de mobilização e organização adotados por estes operários, focalizando o conteúdo específico de suas demandas, as formas de negociação com os patrões e as estratégias de luta postas em prática. Ao mesmo tempo, analisaremos as opções políticas e ideológicas abraçadas em cada período grevista e como tais experiências contribuíam para a configuração da cultura política dos trabalhadores.

Orientador: Agueda Bernardete Bittencourt / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T05:44:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Stock_SuzetedeCassiaVolpato_D.pdf: 14318383 bytes, checksum: 8957fe19b659b12cfa114d7cf77e84c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa estuda a história da construção e destruição da vila operária de Carioba localizada no município de Americana, SP (1901 a 1983). Procura compreender a organização social, as relações estabelecidas por distintos grupos de imigrantes operários e as articulações e disputas travadas pelos proprietários da vila e da indústria de tecidos que culminaram no prestígio que Carioba adquiriu na cidade e região. Busca indícios e marcas do declínio da fábrica de tecidos que levou ao encerramento de suas atividades e a destruição da vila. Revela a tumultuada relação do Grupo Abdalla com os operários e o uso da grande greve de Carioba como uma das estratégias utilizadas na solução dos conflitos entre empresários e militares. Ao narrar como se deu a desocupação da vila, o movimento de resistência dos moradores e as demolições das casas dos operários, este estudo torna visível o jogo de interesses dos proprietários, do Poder Público Municipal e de políticos de distintas tendências ao longo do tempo. E analisa a construção da memória de Carioba, a disputa de seu lugar na história após sua destruição. Uma luta travada por antigos moradores que garantiu a preservação de uma imagem de Carioba como um lugar paradisíaco, jogando no esquecimento os conflitos e a própria complexidade das relações entre operários e proprietários, partidos políticos e grupos de imigrantes. O estudo examinou: discursos, fotografias, testemunhos e os brasões da cidade de Americana, sem deixar de considerar as estratégias de construção da memória registrada em símbolos municipais, além da nomeação de inúmeros logradouros públicos com nomes de cariobenses. / Abstract: This research deals with the construction and destruction of worker's village of Carioba, located in the city of Americana, SP (1901-1983). It aims to comprehend the social organization, the relationships established by different groups of immigrant workers, and the articulations and disputes set between the village's and the fabric industry's owners, which resulted in the prestige Carioba achieved within the city and the region it is part of. Besides, it searches for evidences and signs of the fabric industry decadence, which led to its end and to the destruction of the village. It also reveals the disturbed relationship between the Abdalla Group and the workers, as well as the use of Carioba's great strike as part of the strategy adopted to solve the conflicts between the entrepreneurs and the militaries. By addressing how the departing, the residents' movement of resistance and the demolition of the workers' houses occurred, this study makes it possible to see the lobby games played over the time by the owners, the municipal authorities and the politicians of different trends. It also analyses the construction of Carioba's memory, its fight for a place in history after its destruction. Such fight led by the ancient residents guaranteed the preservation of Carioba's image of a paradisiacal place, leaving the conflicts and the complex relationship between workers and owners, and between political parties and immigrant groups to be forgotten. This study examined: speeches, photographs, testimonials and Americana's Arm, not disconsidering the strategies for the construction of the memory featured in the municipal symbols, along with the naming of numerous public spaces with names of Carioba natives. / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação