Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1993.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The military is a unique working environment that poses several challenges to soldiers. These include numerous ambiguities, psychological stressors, physical demands and resource challenges. In order for the military to be successful, it is important to employ individuals who will be able to thrive in this environment. The theory of work adjustment proposes correspondence between an individual and his or her work environment. The military needs individuals who will fit well into the organisation and enhance its capabilities. The objective of this study was to explore the possible relationships between emotional intelligence, locus of control, self-efficacy, sense of coherence and work adjustment within a military sample. The data was collected from a sample of 295 members of the South African National Defence Force preparing for an international deployment. The descriptive statistics included 76,6% males and 23,4% females with the majority of respondents (292) from the South African Army (99%), while the other respondents (3) were from the South African Military Health Service (1%). Quantitative research techniques were employed to test the stated hypotheses. Emotional intelligence, locus of control, self-efficacy and sense of coherence were analysed as independent variables and work adjustment as the dependant variable. The findings supported the hypotheses, and relationships between emotional intelligence, locus of control, self-efficacy and sense of coherence were established. Contributions towards theory, literature, practice, labour, policies and military commanders are made. Recommendations for future research are also presented.

This study investigated the relationship between job engagement and locus of control on the one hand, and organisational citizenship behaviour on the other among non-academic and academic employees of the University of Fort Hare. Job engagement and locus of control were the independent variables and organisational citizenship behaviour was the dependent variable. Data was drawn from a sample of 300 participants. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. It consisted of four sections including biographical and occupation data questionnaire. To measure job engagement, the 18-item Rich et al., (2010) job engagement scale, with a 5-point Likert scale was used. To measure locus of control, the 16-item Spector (1988) work locus of control scale was used, with 6-point Likert scale. To measure organisational citizenship behaviour, the Fox & Spector (2011) 20 item organisational citizenship behaviour questionnaire, with a 5-point Likert scale was used. Data was analysed using various statistical techniques including the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Technique and the generalised linear regression model. The results indicated that job engagement has a significant positive correlation with organisational citizenship behaviour and locus of control also has a significant positive correlation with organisational citizenship behaviour. However the results also indicated that when job engagement and locus of control are put together, they do not account for a significantly higher proportion of variance in organisational citizenship behaviour than each of them separately. Furthermore, as far as OCB-P and OCB-O are concerned, the results indicated a partial support of the research hypothesis that job engagement and locus of control together account for a significantly higher proportion of variance in organisational citizenship behaviour than any of the two separately. The study recommends that managers in organisations must focus on improving job engagement and promoting internal locus of control in order to ensure high levels of organisational citizenship behaviour.

Submitted by Murilo Prearo (mfprearo@gmail.com) on 2016-03-04T15:01:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Projeto de dissertação - FGV V4 - Catalog.pdf: 830552 bytes, checksum: a7320b7870550664a1f0baee55f90cc0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2016-03-04T15:07:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Projeto de dissertação - FGV V4 - Catalog.pdf: 830552 bytes, checksum: a7320b7870550664a1f0baee55f90cc0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T15:51:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Projeto de dissertação - FGV V4 - Catalog.pdf: 830552 bytes, checksum: a7320b7870550664a1f0baee55f90cc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-05 / O presente trabalho avalia o impacto da realização de Educação Infantil tem sobre a habilidade não cognitiva Lócus de controle, uma medida de quão responsável os indivíduos se sentem com os fatos que acontecem em suas vidas. Utilizamos os dados de alunos da cidade de Sertãozinho, em que obtivemos informações de suas habilidades não cognitivas, através do questionário Tel Aviv, bem como suas condições socioeconômicas. A metodologia adotada foi o Propensity Score Matching para estimar tal efeito. Os resultados não mostram evidências de impacto da Educação Infantil sobre Lócus de controle. / This study evaluates the impact of the implementation of early childhood education has on non- cognitive ability Locus of control, a measure of how responsible people feel about the things that happen in their lives. We used data from students in the city of Sertãozinho, where we got information from their noncognitive skills, through the questionnaire Tel Aviv, as well as their socioeconomic conditions . The methodology adopted was the Propensity Score Matching to estimate that effect. Estimates show no impact of early childhood education on Locus of Control.

In current times, to function successfully in the work environment, the ability to use a computer is essential. The introduction of computers into organisations has often met with resistance. The reason for this resistance must be identified and overcome if businesses are to realise the productivity gains of full computer usage. On the basis of the abovementioned problem the objective of this study is to test the relationship between age, sex, locus of control and personality type and attitudes toward computer use. A theoretical investigation was carried out to gather information on the variables under study which was used to compare with the results of the empirical study. From this study of 68 white collar respondents from a financial institution it can, in general, be concluded that peoples' attitude toward the personal use of computers is positive and not affected by the individual variables tested. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial Psychology)

Introdução O câncer é uma doença crônica que ocupa posição de destaque. A adesão, as atitudes e o comportamento dos pacientes têm sido freqüentemente relatadas como um fator determinante para o sucesso da terapia com antineoplásicos orais. Objetivos Caracterizar o perfil de pacientes com terapia antineoplásica via oral, aspectos da doença, atitudes, crenças e percepções frente à doença e tratamento. População e Método Foram estudados 61 pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer sob terapia antineoplásica via oral em um ambulatório de hospital particular da cidade de São Paulo. Os instrumentos de avaliação usados foram Teste Morisky e Green, Escala de Lócus de Controle da Saúde e um questionário sobre fatores que podem interferir no tratamento medicamentoso. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. Resultados Os pacientes estudados eram 64% mulheres, 54,8±15,6 anos, 95% brancos, 74% casados; 80% com ensino superior; 37% com renda entre 5 a 10 salários mínimos; 29% ocupavam atividades administrativas e comerciais; 34% tinham câncer gastrintestinal; 34% dos pacientes faziam uso do medicamento Capecitabina; tempo de doença de 37,1 ± 62,2 meses; tempo de tratamento 14,4 ± 25,1 meses; e tempo de tratamento com antineoplásico oral 8,6 ± 14,8 meses. O Teste Morisky e Green foi positivo em 28% dos pacientes e 25% afirmaram interrupção do tratamento. Na Escala de Lócus de Controle da Saúde os valores do lócus de controle interno (21,7±4,3) e externo-outros poderosos (22,5± 4,1) foram semelhantes e o menor valor foi no domínio externalidade-acaso (16,5±6,0), além de que os pacientes informaram poucas dificuldades que podem influenciar a adesão ao tratamento com antineoplásico oral. Houve as seguintes associações estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05): 1-Pacientes com teste de Morisky e Green positivo tinham maior tempo de tratamento e em relação ao medicamento oral, a positividade ocorreu com dois pacientes em uso de Mercaptopurina e cerca de um quarto em uso de Dexametasona, Talidomida e Hormonioterápicos. 2-Na Escala de Lócus de Controle de Saúde os pacientes que apresentaram maiores índices de internalidade eram do sexo masculino, que não realizaram cirurgia, não faziam massagem, com menor tempo de doença e de tratamento. Os pacientes com maiores índices no domínio de externalidade-outros poderosos interromperam o tratamento. Os pacientes que apresentaram maiores índices de externalidade-acaso faziam uso de antineoplásico oral continuamente e não praticavam rituais religiosos como outras formas de tratamento. 3-O questionário que avaliou aspectos frente ao tratamento mostrou que os pacientes que apresentaram mais dificuldade, tinham mais tempo de tratamento com antineoplásico via oral. Conclusões Os pacientes apresentaram atitudes positivas frente ao tratamento com medicamentos antineoplásicos orais e relataram poucas dificuldades no manejo da terapia / Introduction Cancer is a chronic disease ranked in an outstanding position. Patients’ compliance, attitudes and behavior have been frequently reported as a determining factor for the success of the therapy with oral antineoplastic drugs. Objectives Characterize oral antineoplastic therapy patients’ profiles; disease aspects and behavior, beliefs and perceptions with regard to the disease and the treatment. Population and Method Sixty-one patients diagnosed with cancer undergoing oral antineoplastic therapy in the out-patient unit of a private hospital in the city of São Paulo were studied. Assessment instruments applied were Morisky and Green Test, Health Locus of Control Scale and a questionnaire on factors that can interfere in drug treatment. P<0.05 values were considered statistically significant. Results Patients studied were 64% women, 54.8±15.6 years, 95% white, 74% married; 80% university graduated; 37% with monthly income between US$ 817.75 to US$ 1635.50; 29% worked on business and administrative activities, 34% had gastrointestinal cancer; 34% took Capecitabine; length of time of the disease was 37.1 ± 62.2 months; length of time of the treatment 14.4 ± 25.1 months; and length of time of oral antineoplastic therapy 8.6 ± 14.8 months. Morisky and Green Test was found to be positive in 28% of the patients and 25% stated having interrupted the treatment. In the Health Locus of Control (HLC) Scale, the scores of internal HLC (21.7±4.3) and powerful others externally HLC (22.5± 4.1) were similar. The lowest score was observed in the dimension of chance external HLC (16.5±6.0). Besides, patients reported few difficulties that can influence on their compliance with oral antineoplastic treatment. The following statistically significant (p<0.05) associations were observed: 1-Patients showing positive Morisky and Green test were longer under treatment in relation to the oral drug. Positive tests were observed in two patients using Mercaptopurine and in roughly one fourth, using Dexamethasona, Thalidomide and Hormonietherapics. 2-In Health Locus of Control Scale, men who did not undergo surgery, did not use to have a massage and with shorter time of disease and treatment were those who showed higher scores in Internal HLC. Patients with higher scores in the dimension of powerful others external HLC interrupted the treatment. Patients who showed higher scores in the dimension of Chance External HLC used oral antineoplastic drugs continuously and did not took part in religious rituals as other forms of treatment 3-The questionnaire that assessed aspects related to the treatment revealed that patients who showed more difficulties, were being treated with oral antineoplastic drugs for a longer time. Conclusions Patients showed positive attitudes regarding the treatment with oral antineoplastic drugs and reported few difficulties to lead with the therapy

This simulator study aims to investigate if there is a relationship between self-awareness of driving ability and traffic safety behaviour. Self-awareness in this study is accurate self-evaluation of one’s abilities. By letting 97 participants (55-75 years old) drive the simulator and answering the Driver Skill Inventory (DSI; Warner et al., 2013) as well as the Multidimensional locus of control (T-loc; Özkan &amp; Lajunen, 2005). A measure of self-awareness was computed using the residuals from regression line. Furthermore, this measure could show if a participant over-estimated or under-estimated their ability. Four self-awareness measures were made. The self-awareness measures were compared to traffic safety behaviour. Three different traffic safety measures were computed using specific events in the simulator scenario. The self-awareness measures were grouped into three groups; under-estimators, good self-awareness and over-estimators. These groups were then compared to each other with respect to traffic safety. A multivariate ANOVA was made to test for differences between the self-awareness groups but no significant main difference was found. The results showed no difference in traffic safety behaviour given the different levels of self-awareness. Furthermore, this could be a result of the old age of the sample group as self-awareness may only be relevant in a learning context. The conclusion of the study is that the analysis shows that there is no difference between over-estimators and under-estimators of driving ability, at least not in experienced older drivers.

The focus of this study was to determine how attribution patterns of children with an internal or external locus of control differ when playing a computer video game. Forty subjects each (twenty internally controlled and twenty externally controlled) were placed in a competitive or non-competitive treatment setting with a successful or unsuccessful outcome. Each subject played a computer video game made by a major manufacturer. At the completion of each session, each subject was asked to rate the four attributes of ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck. The results were then analyzed using analysis of variance with age as a covariate.

La maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique (MPOC) est une maladie respiratoire irréversible, évolutive et très fréquente qui fait peser un lourd fardeau sur le système de santé, les patients et leurs proches. La réadaptation pulmonaire (RP) est efficace pour réduire la dyspnée et l’utilisation des ressources en soins de santé et pour améliorer la capacité physique et la qualité de vie des patients. L’entraînement physique est la pierre angulaire de la RP, mais elle n’est bénéfique que si les patients 1) assistent aux séances d’exercice, 2) se conforment à l'intensité des exercices prescrits et 3) maintiennent l'exercice physique régulier après la RP. La dépression comorbide est disproportionnée dans la MPOC et s’est révélée être un facteur prédictif de « mauvaise » fréquentation de la RP, et d'abandon de la pratique physique régulière après le programme. À notre connaissance, aucune étude ne s'est intéressée aux prédicteurs de conformité à l'intensité d'exercice prescrit pendant la RP et seules quelques études ont explorées les facteurs associés au maintien de l'exercice après la RP. L’objectif principal de cette étude consistait à examiner dans quelle mesure les symptômes dépressifs à l'entrée de la RP permettent de prédire 1) la présence aux séances de RP, 2) le respect de l'intensité (conformité) des exercices d’endurance prescrits pendant la RP, et 3) le niveau d’exercice physique maintenu 9 mois après la RP. Un deuxième objectif consistait à explorer d'autres variables susceptibles d'être associées à ces paramètres. Trente-six patients (64 % de femmes) atteints de la MPOC stable, modérée à sévère, ont été inscrits à un programme de RP de 12 semaines comportant 36 séances d’exercice physique supervisé. À l’entrée du RP les patients ont rempli l’Inventaire de Dépression de Beck (BDI-II, le prédicteur principal) et le formulaire C de l’Échelle du locus de contrôle sur la santé (LCS), et ont subi des tests de fonction pulmonaire et une épreuve d’effort progressif à vélo (pour déterminer l'intensité de l'exercice pour la RP). Ensuite, ils ont été répartis de façon aléatoire dans trois groupes à intensité d’exercice différente. La fréquentation de la RP était définie comme le pourcentage de séances suivies; la conformité, comme la durée d’entraînement pratiquée à la fréquence cardiaque cible; et le maintien de l'exercice physique régulier comme le niveau d’exercice fait au cours d’une semaine 9 mois après la RP (enregistré dans un journal d’activité physique et calculé en équivalents métaboliques de l’effort [MET] minutes ). La médiane (écart interquartile ou IQR) du score au BDI-II était de 8,5 points (6-13), la médiane (IQR) du taux de la fréquentation aux séances était de 83% (67-94), la médiane du taux de compliance à l’intensité d'exercice était de 94% (71-99), et la médiane du nombre de minutes MET après la RP était de 706 (445-1146). Les analyses de régression linéaire ne montrent pas de relation entre les symptômes dépressifs pré-RP et la fréquentation des séances de la RP (ß = 0,12; p = 0,478). Par-contre, ils étaient associés à la conformité à l'intensité de l’exercice physique pendant la RP (ß = -0,40; p = 0,047), et à la poursuite de la pratique d’un exercice physique régulier après la RP (ß = -0,50; p = 0,004). Les analyses étaient ajustées pour des covariables prédéfinies. Les analyses exploratoires ont révélé que certaines variables supplémentaires (y compris LCS) étaient associées aux issues mesurées. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que même les niveaux de dépression sous-cliniques pourraient jouer un rôle important dans la compliance aux programme de réentraînement, et au maintien d’un style de vie actif après la période de réadaptation. Cela a des implications pour améliorer le dépistage des « mauvais » résultats dans la RP et pour l'élaboration d'interventions ciblées pour améliorer les bénéfices pour la santé découlant de la réadaptation pour la MPOC. / Abstract : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible, progressive, and highly prevalent respiratory illness that poses a great burden on the healthcare system, patients, and their families. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is effective in reducing dyspnea and health care resource utilization, and increasing exercise capacity and quality of life. Exercise training is the cornerstone of PR but is only beneficial if patients 1) attend sessions, 2) comply with the prescribed exercise regimen, and 3) maintain regular exercise after supervised PR ends. Comorbid depression is disproportionately high in COPD and has been found to predict poor attendance at PR and low levels of exercise maintained afterwards. To our knowledge, no study has investigated predictors of exercise compliance during PR, and only a few studies have examined predictors of exercise maintenance post PR. The primary objective of this study was to examine how much baseline depressive symptomatology can predict 1) PR attendance, 2) PR exercise compliance, and 3) levels of exercise maintained at 9-months post PR. A secondary, exploratory objective was to identify additional variables that might also have significant associations with these outcomes. Thirty-six patients (64% female) with stable COPD were enrolled in a 12-week 36-session supervised exercise intervention in the context of a PR program. Patients underwent evaluations at entry to PR which included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II, the main predictor), the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (HLC) Scale Form-C, pulmonary function tests, and an incremental cycling test (to determine the exercise intensity prescription). Patients were randomized to one of three groups of varying exercise intensity. Attendance was defined as the percent of total sessions attended, compliance as the percent of endurance training time exercising at a prescribed target heart rate, and post-PR exercise as the total exercise performed over a 7-day period recorded in a physical activity diary and calculated as metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes. Median (IQR) baseline BDI-II was 8.5 (6-13), median (IQR) percent attendance was 83 (67-94), median (IQR) percent exercise compliance was 94 (71-99), and median (IQR) exercise MET-minutes post PR was 706 (445-1146). In multiple regression analyses, baseline depressive symptomatology did not emerge as a significant independent predictor of PR attendance (ß = .12, p = .478), but was a significant predictor of PR exercise compliance (ß = -.40, p = .047), and of exercise maintained post PR (ß = -.50, p = .004), with adjustment for a-priori defined covariates. Secondary exploratory analyses revealed that certain additional variables (including HLC) had associations with particular outcomes. The findings suggest that even subclinical levels of depression can predict PR exercise compliance and post-PR exercise levels. This has implications for improving screening for, and understanding of, poor outcomes in PR and for developing targeted interventions to optimize the health benefits that can be derived during and after PR for COPD.

A study was conducted to investigate factors associated with the perceived future self-efficacy in adolescents with spina bifida. Thirteen adolescents with spina bifida and their parents were surveyed. Seventeen adolescents without an identified disability and their parents were also surveyed. The Questionnaire of Future Adult Activities (QFAA) and the Health Attribution Test (HAT) were administered. Parent responses were compared to those of adolescents and adolescent responses were compared between groups. There was no overall correlation between parent and adolescent responses. Differences were found between responses of adolescents with spina bifida and adolescents without an identified disability. Limited correlations were found between the QFAA and the HAT.