Convolution and multiplication operations in the filtering process can be optimized by minimizing the resource utilization using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and separable filter kernels. An FPGA architecture for separable convolution is proposed to achieve reduction of on-chip resource utilization and external memory bandwidth for a given processing rate of the convolution unit. Multiplication in integer number system can be optimized in terms of resources, operation time and power consumption by converting to logarithmic domain. To achieve this, a method altering the filter weights is proposed and implemented for error reduction. The results obtained depict significant error reduction when compared to existing methods, thereby optimizing the multiplication in terms of the above mentioned metrics. Underwater video and still images are used by many programs within National Oceanic Atmospheric and Administration (NOAA) fisheries with the objective of identifying, classifying and quantifying living marine resources. They use underwater cameras to get video recording data for manual analysis. This process of manual analysis is labour intensive, time consuming and error prone. An efficient solution for this problem is proposed which uses Gabor filters for feature extraction. The proposed method is implemented to identify two species of fish namely Epinephelus morio and Ocyurus chrysurus. The results show higher rate of detection with minimal rate of false alarms.

Le thème principal de cette thèse est l’interaction entre le “comportement” des points rationnels sur certaines classes de variétés définies sur des corps globaux et locaux, et la cohomologie de ces variétés.Dans la partie I, on étudie l’obstruction de Brauer-Manin à la validité des principes locaux-globaux (comme le principe de Hasse et l’approximation faible) qui vient du groupe de Brauer d’une variété. Dans certains cas, pour des fibrations en torseurs sous un tore constant défini sur un corps de nombres, on démontre que l’obstruction de Brauer-Manin est suffisante pour expliquer le défaut des principes locaux-globaux. On donne également des nouveaux examples de variétés pour lesquelles l’obstruction de Brauer-Manin et ses raffinements ne suffisent pas pour expliquer le défaut du principe de Hasse.Dans la partie II, on étudie la relation entre le volume rationnel d’une variété lisse, projective sur un corps strictement local, et la trace de l’opérateur de monodromie modérée sur la cohomologie étale de la variété. Ceci est motivé par un travail de Nicaise-Sebag sur une formule de traces pour l’invariant de Serre motivique, inspiré par la formule de Grothendieck-Lefschetz pour les variétés sur les corps fini. On utilise ici le formalisme de la géométrie logarithmique. / The main theme of this thesis is the interplay between the “behaviour” of the rational points on certain classes of algebraic varieties defined over global and local fields, andthe cohomology of these varieties. Part I studies the Brauer-Manin obstruction to the validity of local-global principles (such as the Hasse principle and weak approximation) coming from the Brauer groupof a variety. In some cases, for certain families of torsors under a constant torusdefined over a number field, we prove that the Brauer-Manin obstruction is sufficientto explain the failure of these local-global principles. We also give new examples of varieties for which the Brauer-Manin obstruction and its refinements are insufficientto explain the failure of the Hasse principle.In Part II, we investigate the relationship between the rational volume of a smooth, projective variety defined over a strictly local field, and the trace of the tame monodromy operator on the étale cohomology of this variety. The motivation is work of Nicaise–Sebag on a trace formula for the motivic Serre invariant, inspired by the Grothendieck–Lefschetz trace formula for varieties over finite fields. We study this relationship using the framework of logarithmic geometry.

Na primeira parte do trabalho estudamos a equação de Schrödinger logarítmica com um delta potencial; $V(x)=-\\gamma \\,\\delta(x)$, onde $\\delta$ é a distribuição de Dirac na origem e o parâmetro real $\\gamma$ descreve a intensidade do potencial. Estabelecemos a existência e unicidade das soluções do problema de Cauchy associado em um espaço de funções adequado. No caso do potencial atrativo ($\\gamma>0$), calculamos de forma explícita o seu único ground state e mostramos a sua estabilidade orbital.\\\\ A segunda parte trata detalhadamente da equação de Schrödinger logarítmica com um delta derivada potencial; $V(x)=-\\gamma\\, \\delta^{\\prime}(x)$. A boa colocação global para o problema de Cauchy é verificada em um espaço de funções adequado. No caso do potencial atrativo ($\\gamma>0$), o conjunto dos ground states é completamente determinado. Mais precisamente: se $0<\\gamma\\leq2$, então há um único ground state e é uma função ímpar; se $\\gamma>2$, então existem dois ground states não-simétricos. Em adição, provamos que cada ground state é orbitalmente estável através de uma abordagem variacional. Finalmente, usando a teoria de extensão de operadores simétricos, também mostramos um resultado de instabilidade para $\\gamma>2$. / The first part of this thesis deals with the logarithmic Schrödinger equation with a delta potential; $V(x)=-\\gamma \\,\\delta(x)$, where $\\delta$ is the Dirac distribution at the origin and the real parameter $\\gamma$ is interpreted as the strength of the potential. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the associated Cauchy problem in a suitable functional framework. In the attractive potential case ($\\gamma>0$), we explicitly compute the unique ground state and we show their orbital stability .\\\\ The second part deals with the case of the logarithmic Schrödinger equation with a delta prime potential; $V(x)=-\\gamma\\, \\delta^{\\prime}(x)$. Global well-posedness is verified for the Cauchy problem in a suitable functional space. In the attractive potential case ($\\gamma>0$), the set of the ground state is completely determined. More precisely: if $0<\\gamma\\leq2$, then there is a single ground state and it is an odd function; if $\\gamma>2$, then there exist two non-symmetric ground states. Moreover, we show that every ground state is orbitally stable via a variational approach. Finally, by applying the theory of extensions of symetric operators, we also prove a result of instability for $\\gamma>2$.

We implement techniques of small area estimation (SAE) to study consumption, a welfare indicator, which is used to assess poverty in the 2003-2004 Nepal Living Standards Survey (NLSS-II) and the 2001 census. NLSS-II has detailed information of consumption, but it can give estimates only at stratum level or higher. While population variables are available for all households in the census, they do not include the information on consumption; the survey has the `population' variables nonetheless. We combine these two sets of data to provide estimates of poverty indicators (incidence, gap and severity) for small areas (wards, village development committees and districts). Consumption is the aggregate of all food and all non-food items consumed. In the welfare survey the responders are asked to recall all information about consumptions throughout the reference year. Therefore, such data are likely to be noisy, possibly due to response errors or recalling errors. The consumption variable is continuous and positively skewed, so a statistician might use a logarithmic transformation, which can reduce skewness and help meet the normality assumption required for model building. However, it could be problematic since back transformation may produce inaccurate estimates and there are difficulties in interpretations. Without using the logarithmic transformation, we develop hierarchical Bayesian models to link the survey to the census. In our models for consumption, we incorporate the `population' variables as covariates. First, we assume that consumption is noiseless, and it is modeled using three scenarios: the exponential distribution, the gamma distribution and the generalized gamma distribution. Second, we assume that consumption is noisy, and we fit the generalized beta distribution of the second kind (GB2) to consumption. We consider three more scenarios of GB2: a mixture of exponential and gamma distributions, a mixture of two gamma distributions, and a mixture of two generalized gamma distributions. We note that there are difficulties in fitting the models for noisy responses because these models have non-identifiable parameters. For each scenario, after fitting two hierarchical Bayesian models (with and without area effects), we show how to select the most plausible model and we perform a Bayesian data analysis on Nepal's poverty data. We show how to predict the poverty indicators for all wards, village development committees and districts of Nepal (a big data problem) by combining the survey data with the census. This is a computationally intensive problem because Nepal has about four million households with about four thousand households in the survey and there is no record linkage between households in the survey and the census. Finally, we perform empirical studies to assess the quality of our survey-census procedure.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Clara Hamazaki.pdf: 5421733 bytes, checksum: 2dfd60f522a9e810721309d9ba50793d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-29 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / For this investigation, an analysis was conducted of the learning situation involving logarithmic equations and inequations proposed in the 2009 edition of the Teacher s Book for the third term of the first grade of high school (10th grade) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The primary theoretical framework consisted of studies by Fiorentini, Miorim, and Miguel (1993) and Fiorentini, Fernandes, and Cristóvão (2005) on aspects of algebraic thinking, Ursini et al. (2005) on variables, Ribeiro (2007) on the multimeanings of equations, and Figueiredo (2007) on difficulties in elementary Algebra. The investigation sought to answer the following research question: What aspects of the algebraic thinking related to logarithmic equations and inequations emerge from the analysis of the Teacher s Book for the third term of the first year of high school? A qualitative analysis of documents using the content analysis method based on Laville and Dionne (1999) was applied to the solutions proposed in the Teacher's Book for exercises comprising the so-called Learning Situation 4. These exercises were found to elicit ten out of thirteen characterizers of algebraic thinking, facilitating the development of this type of reasoning / Nesta pesquisa empreendeu-se uma análise da situação de aprendizagem sobre equações e inequações logarítmicas apresentada no Caderno do Professor de 2009 referente ao terceiro bimestre do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio do Estado de São Paulo. Nessa análise adotaram-se como referenciais teóricos principais os estudos de Fiorentini, Miorim e Miguel (1993) e de Fiorentini, Fernandes e Cristóvão (2005) sobre aspectos do pensamento algébrico, de Ursini et al. (2005) acerca de variáveis, de Ribeiro (2007) sobre os multissignificados de equações e de Figueiredo (2007) sobre dificuldades em Álgebra elementar. Buscou-se responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: Que aspectos do pensamento algébrico emergem na análise do Caderno do Professor do terceiro bimestre do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio sobre equações e inequações logarítmicas? Empreendeu-se uma análise documental com abordagem qualitativa utilizando o método de análise de conteúdo com base em Laville e Dionne (1999) das resoluções dos exercícios exemplares pertinentes à Situação de Aprendizagem 4, propostas no Caderno do Professor. Constatou-se que os exercícios exemplares da Situação de Aprendizagem 4 favorecem a presença de dez dos treze caracterizadores do pensamento algébrico, propiciando que esse pensamento se desenvolva

Orientador: Márcio Ricardo Alves Gouveia / Resumo: O presente trabalho trata de conceitos relacionados com a medida generalizada de Hausdorff, onde o principal objetivo consiste na obtenção de conjuntos cuja dimensão seja um número positivo não inteiro. Ele começa com uma definição sobre as propriedades que uma função de conjunto deve satisfazer para ser considerada uma medida de Carathéodory, suas implicações e consequências. Após a explicação destes conceitos iniciais, dá-se alguns exemplos de funções de conjunto contínuas e monótonas com a apresentação da função de escala logarítmica, que é peça chave para o desenvolvimento de conjuntos de medidas positivas não inteiras, além da introdução da medida de Hausdorff com seus desdobramentos. Algumas hipóteses sobre funções côncavas são apresentadas juntamente com fórmulas deduzidas com bases nestas hipóteses e na concavidade da função. Utiliza-se a função de escala logarítima para a determinação da dimensão de vários conjuntos, inclusive o conjunto de Cantor. Posteriormente, há uma adaptação dos conceitos trabalhados para o tratamento de dimensões relacionadas à números diádicos irracionais. Por fim, os conceitos tratados sobre a reta real são estendidos para produtos cartesianos, com especial enfoque para conjuntos planares. / Abstract: The present work deals with concepts related to the generalized Hausdorff measure, where the main objective is to obtain sets whose dimension is a positive non integer number. It begins with a definition of the properties that a set function must satisfy to be considered a Carathéodory measure, their implications and consequences. Following the explanation of these initial concepts, some examples of continuous and monotonous set functions are given with the presentation of the logarithmic scale function, which is key to the development of non-integer positive measure sets, in addition to the introduction of the Hausdorff measure with its developments. Some assumptions about concave functions are presented together with formulas derived from these assumptions and the concavity of the function. The logarithmic scale function is used to determine the dimension of various sets, including the Cantor set. Later, there is an adaptation of the concepts worked for the treatment of dimensions related to irrational dyadic numbers. Finally, the concepts treated on the real line are extended to Cartesian products, with special focus on planar sets. / Mestre

Neukirch a développé la théorie abstraite du corps des classes dans son livre ``Class Field Theory''. Nous montrons qu'il est possible de déduire la théorie l-adique de Jaulentdu travail de Neukirch. La preuve nécessite, dans les deux cas (le cas local et le cas global) de définir les applications degré, les G-modules, valuations convenables et de prouver l'axiome du corps des classes. } Puis nous montrons qu'en considérant le même objet local, mais cette fois-ci muni de la valuation logarithmique, et en remplaçant l'extension maximale non ramifiée du corps local considéré par la $\mathbb{Z}_{l-extension cyclotomique, la théorie de Neukirch s'applique également, permettant ainsi de définir un symbole local logarithmique et un symbole global.Nous sommes alors en mesure de définir le Frobenius logarithmique associé à une place $\mathfrak{p}$ logarithmiquement non ramifiée, ce qui conduit naturellement à une application d'Artin logarithmique, dont nous étudions le noyau et les propriétés. Cela nécessite au préalable de définir le conducteur logarithmique associé à une $\ell$-extension abélienne finie. Nous introduisons alors les sous-modules de congruences logarithmiques, pour lesquels nous définissons le conducteur logarithmique associé à une classe d'équivalence sur ces modules. Nous prouvons l'égalité entre le conducteur logarithmique global d'une $\ell$-extension et le conducteur de la classe de congruences qui lui est associé. / Neukirch developedabstract class field theoryin his famousbook ``Class Field Theory''. Weshow that it ispossible to derive Jaulent's $\ell$-adic class fieldfrom Neukirch's framework. Theproof requiresin bothcases (local case and global case) to define suitable degree maps, $G$-modules, valuations and to prove the class fieldaxiom. Then we study thelocal object endowed with the logarithmicvaluation introduced by Jaulent and wereplace here the maximal, abelian unramified pro-$\ell$-extension of our local field by the $ {\mathbb{Z}_{\ell}}$-cyclotomic one, and the usualvaluation by the logarithmic one. Weshow that Neukich'sabstract theory appliesin this context, and allows to definea logarithmic local symbol and a global one. This allows to define the logarithmic Frobenius, in the context of the logarithmic ramification, and the logarithmic Artin map. We study its propertiesand its kernel.This requires before to define the logarithmic conductor. Then we introduce logarithmic congruences sub-modules, and the conductor attached to the coset of sucha module. We prove that both conductors coincide.

<p>In this dissertation I study substantially the effects of disembodied technical change on the total factor productivity and inputs demand in U.S. Apparel industry during 1958-1996. A time series input-output data set over the sector employs to estimate an error corrected model of a four-factor transcendental logarithmic cost function. The empirical results indicate technical impact on the total factor productivity at the rate of 9% on average. Technical progress has in addition a biased effect on factor augmenting in the sector.</p>

In this dissertation I study substantially the effects of disembodied technical change on the total factor productivity and inputs demand in U.S. Apparel industry during 1958-1996. A time series input-output data set over the sector employs to estimate an error corrected model of a four-factor transcendental logarithmic cost function. The empirical results indicate technical impact on the total factor productivity at the rate of 9% on average. Technical progress has in addition a biased effect on factor augmenting in the sector.

Mit dieser Arbeit liegt eine ausführliche Studie zu den Integralverfahren der Grenzschichttheorie vor. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den Dissipationsintegralverfahren. Im Vergleich zu anderen Grenzschichtverfahren bestehen die generellen Vorteile der Integralverfahren in ihrer Robustheit, ihrer hohen Praktikabilität sowie den im Sinne der aufzuwendenden Computerkapazität geringen Kosten. Ein spezieller Vorteil der Dissipationsintegralverfahren ist es zudem, das komplette Schubspannungsprofil der Grenzschicht zu berücksichtigen. Über eine entsprechende Ableitung der Dissipationsintegrale kann die Vorgeschichte der Grenzschicht erfassen werden. Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit ist eine Literaturanalyse, welche aufzeigt, dass Integralverfahren weit verbreitet sind und für vielfältige Typen von Grenzschichten Anwendung finden. Ausgehend von den Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen wird über die Grenzschichtgleichungen die allgemeine Form der Dissipationsintegralgleichungen hergeleitet. Auf der Basis dieser Gleichungen werden Berechnungsalgorithmen für zwei- und dreidimensionale Grenzschichten entworfen und ausführlich diskutiert. Die zur Komplettierung der Berechnungsalgorithmen benötigten Parameterzusammenhänge werden aus expliziten Geschwindigkeitsprofilen hergeleitet. Hierzu werden beruhend auf dem Zweischichtenmodell turbulenter Grenzschichten Geschwindigkeitsprofile turbulenter Grenzschichten diskutiert. Drei Kombinationen von Haupt- und Querströmungsprofil werden für den dreidimensionalen Fall ausgewählt und algorithmisch umgesetzt. Die Algorithmen für zweidimensionale Grenzschichten beruhen auf einem Geschwindigkeitsprofil. Dem Aufbau der Algorithmen schließen sich ausführliche Testrechnungen sowie eine Bewertung der Verfahren an. Es wird festgestellt, dass Dissipationsintegralverfahren für zwei- und dreidimensionale Grenzschichten mit gutem Erfolg angewandt werden können. Vergleiche der Rechenergebnisse für zweidimensionale Grenzschichten zeigen die zumindest Gleichwertigkeit mit Zweigleichungsmodellen an. / Calculation and prediction of turbulent boundary layers are among the most challenging tasks of present fluid mechanics. A strong demand exists for robust, easy-to-handle and in terms of computing effort cheap algorithms which can be used for technical applications. From an engineering point of view zonal methods and RANS are the most useful tools for solution of fluid mechanical problems. It is known that zonal methods which use integral approaches for the description of the boundary layer can be used successfully in manifold forms. One way to improve zonal methods further is the Basically three different types of integral algorithms - entrainment, momentum of momentum and dissipation integral method - can be derived from the three-dimensional boundary layer equations. If one compares the usual entrainment integral method with the dissipation integral method it turns out that the latter has the following physical advantages. While the entrainment method considers information about the shear stress distribution only at the outer edge of the boundary layer, the dissipation integral method uses the whole distribution. This work gives an overview over dissipation integral method and extends them to three-dimensional boundary layers. The general integral equations for the three-dimensional case are derived. Using two different sets of mean velocity profiles the hyperbolical character of a dissipation integral method is shown. Apart from the integral momentum balance, the dissipation integral method satisfies a second major balance with the integral balance of mechanical energy. It is found that for a practical calculation the integral momentum equation and the integral energy equation are most useful. Sixteen two-dimensional experimental test cases with none-zero pressure gradients were computed. It was found that the averaged relative deviation between measured and computed values for the skin friction coefficient is about 5 % and about 3 % for the shape parameter. Two three-dimensional fully turbulent boundary layers approaching an obstacle where computed. The agreement between experimental results and the calculation is reasonably good. The calculation allows the prediction of the velocity distributions. Flow angle and flow gradient angle distributions being additional results.