A terceirização logística é uma prática empresarial adotada por um número cada vez maior de organizações dos mais diversos setores. A opção pela terceirização logística costuma ser respaldada pela literatura. Porém, uma escolha errada pode se tornar uma fonte de insatisfação e falhas corporativas, acarretando na elevação do custo logístico, além de afetar a competitividade e a imagem da empresa. São inúmeros os casos de insucesso nos acordos de terceirização, sendo a maioria atribuída a deficiências no processo decisório. Desta forma, fica evidente a complexidade da decisão de terceirização logística, que envolve um grande número e diversidade de atributos interdependentes entre si, e a falta de compreensão, por parte dos executivos e das organizações, dos fatores que realmente afetam o processo decisório. Neste contexto, esta tese relata um estudo desenvolvido no cenário brasileiro sobre a decisão de terceirização logística sob o enfoque da organização contratante. Optou-se por analisar o processo de terceirização para operadores 3PL porque esta ainda é a tendência do mercado. O foco da pesquisa consiste em identificar os principais fatores que as organizações devem analisar em seu processo decisório de terceirização logística. Assim, as questões de pesquisa são: quais são os fatores envolvidos no processo decisório de terceirização logística e como eles impactam esta decisão? Portanto, foram utilizadas técnicas qualitativas, em um procedimento exploratório, e uma abordagem quantitativa, como um procedimento para confirmação de hipóteses. Inicialmente, foram realizadas entrevistas com executivos da área com o objetivo de verificar a aplicabilidade dos fatores selecionados para o modelo pesquisa. Em seguida, foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos com empresas líderes de diferentes mercados que terceirizam atividades logísticas. Essa etapa da pesquisa ratificou e acrescentou fatores às hipóteses propostas com base na literatura. Enfim, a pesquisa survey confirmou o conjunto de fatores de decisão de terceirização. Diferentes técnicas estatísticas foram empregadas para refinar o instrumento de pesquisa, como Análise de Confiabilidade, Análise de Item-Total Corrigido (CITC), Análise Fatorial Exploratória e Análise Fatorial Confirmatória de Ordem Superior. Como resultado desse refinamento, emergiu um modelo teórico de pesquisa final contendo quatro fatores, sendo as dimensões de Estratégia, Custos, características do Ambiente, Características do Processo Logístico a ser terceirizado e características dos Operadores Logísticos disponíveis no mercado, dispostos em quinze itens. A principal contribuição da pesquisa para a prática gerencial é fornecer aos executivos da área um conjunto dos fatores determinantes para a decisão de terceirização logística, no contexto brasileiro, sob o ponto de vista do contratante, de modo a lhes auxiliar na decisão de terceirizar ou não suas atividades logísticas. / Logistics outsourcing is a business practice adopted by a growing number of organizations from a large variety of sectors. The logistics outsourcing process is heavily supported by the literature. Nonetheless, a wrong decision can be a source of corporate problems that may lead to the increase of logistics costs, affecting the company's competitiveness and image. There is a high incidence of unsuccessful cases in outsourcing agreements, mostly due to failures in the decision making process. This fact highlights the complex nature of the logistics outsourcing decision, which involves a large number and a great variety of interdependent criteria, and the lack of understanding, on the part of executives and organizations, concerning the variables that affect the decision process. In this context, the present research reports on a study developed in the Brazilian scene on logistics outsourcing according to the perspective of the hiring company. It is important to mention that the research analyses the outsourcing process to third-party logistics service providers (3PL) because this is still the market tendency. The focus of the thesis consists in identifying the main factors which the organizations should analyze in the decision making process of logistics outsourcing. Hence this research aims to answer the following questions: which are the determinant variables in the decision process of logistics outsourcing and how do they impact on this decision? Thus, both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used, respectively in an exploratory and a confirmatory approach. Initially, interviews were held with logistics executives with the purpose of examining the applicability of the variables selected for the hypothetical model. A multiple case study was also developed in three leading organizations from different sectors that have their logistics activities outsourced. With the case study methodology, the factors were ratified and some variables were added to the hypotheses. Eventually, a survey research confirmed the set of the determinant variables for the decision making process of logistics outsourcing. Different quantitative procedures were used to refine the research instrument, such as Reliability Analysis, Corrected Item-Total Correlation (CITC) Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The structural model confirmed 20 hypotheses. The result was a model with five factors - Strategy, Costs, Environmental characteristics, Characteristics of the Logistics Process and characteristics of the 3PL providers available in the market - and fifteen variables. The main contribution of this research to the business practice is the development of a set of the main variables that logistics managers may analyze in the decision making process of whether to outsource their logistics activities or not.

A terceirização logística é uma prática empresarial adotada por um número cada vez maior de organizações dos mais diversos setores. A opção pela terceirização logística costuma ser respaldada pela literatura. Porém, uma escolha errada pode se tornar uma fonte de insatisfação e falhas corporativas, acarretando na elevação do custo logístico, além de afetar a competitividade e a imagem da empresa. São inúmeros os casos de insucesso nos acordos de terceirização, sendo a maioria atribuída a deficiências no processo decisório. Desta forma, fica evidente a complexidade da decisão de terceirização logística, que envolve um grande número e diversidade de atributos interdependentes entre si, e a falta de compreensão, por parte dos executivos e das organizações, dos fatores que realmente afetam o processo decisório. Neste contexto, esta tese relata um estudo desenvolvido no cenário brasileiro sobre a decisão de terceirização logística sob o enfoque da organização contratante. Optou-se por analisar o processo de terceirização para operadores 3PL porque esta ainda é a tendência do mercado. O foco da pesquisa consiste em identificar os principais fatores que as organizações devem analisar em seu processo decisório de terceirização logística. Assim, as questões de pesquisa são: quais são os fatores envolvidos no processo decisório de terceirização logística e como eles impactam esta decisão? Portanto, foram utilizadas técnicas qualitativas, em um procedimento exploratório, e uma abordagem quantitativa, como um procedimento para confirmação de hipóteses. Inicialmente, foram realizadas entrevistas com executivos da área com o objetivo de verificar a aplicabilidade dos fatores selecionados para o modelo pesquisa. Em seguida, foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos com empresas líderes de diferentes mercados que terceirizam atividades logísticas. Essa etapa da pesquisa ratificou e acrescentou fatores às hipóteses propostas com base na literatura. Enfim, a pesquisa survey confirmou o conjunto de fatores de decisão de terceirização. Diferentes técnicas estatísticas foram empregadas para refinar o instrumento de pesquisa, como Análise de Confiabilidade, Análise de Item-Total Corrigido (CITC), Análise Fatorial Exploratória e Análise Fatorial Confirmatória de Ordem Superior. Como resultado desse refinamento, emergiu um modelo teórico de pesquisa final contendo quatro fatores, sendo as dimensões de Estratégia, Custos, características do Ambiente, Características do Processo Logístico a ser terceirizado e características dos Operadores Logísticos disponíveis no mercado, dispostos em quinze itens. A principal contribuição da pesquisa para a prática gerencial é fornecer aos executivos da área um conjunto dos fatores determinantes para a decisão de terceirização logística, no contexto brasileiro, sob o ponto de vista do contratante, de modo a lhes auxiliar na decisão de terceirizar ou não suas atividades logísticas. / Logistics outsourcing is a business practice adopted by a growing number of organizations from a large variety of sectors. The logistics outsourcing process is heavily supported by the literature. Nonetheless, a wrong decision can be a source of corporate problems that may lead to the increase of logistics costs, affecting the company's competitiveness and image. There is a high incidence of unsuccessful cases in outsourcing agreements, mostly due to failures in the decision making process. This fact highlights the complex nature of the logistics outsourcing decision, which involves a large number and a great variety of interdependent criteria, and the lack of understanding, on the part of executives and organizations, concerning the variables that affect the decision process. In this context, the present research reports on a study developed in the Brazilian scene on logistics outsourcing according to the perspective of the hiring company. It is important to mention that the research analyses the outsourcing process to third-party logistics service providers (3PL) because this is still the market tendency. The focus of the thesis consists in identifying the main factors which the organizations should analyze in the decision making process of logistics outsourcing. Hence this research aims to answer the following questions: which are the determinant variables in the decision process of logistics outsourcing and how do they impact on this decision? Thus, both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used, respectively in an exploratory and a confirmatory approach. Initially, interviews were held with logistics executives with the purpose of examining the applicability of the variables selected for the hypothetical model. A multiple case study was also developed in three leading organizations from different sectors that have their logistics activities outsourced. With the case study methodology, the factors were ratified and some variables were added to the hypotheses. Eventually, a survey research confirmed the set of the determinant variables for the decision making process of logistics outsourcing. Different quantitative procedures were used to refine the research instrument, such as Reliability Analysis, Corrected Item-Total Correlation (CITC) Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The structural model confirmed 20 hypotheses. The result was a model with five factors - Strategy, Costs, Environmental characteristics, Characteristics of the Logistics Process and characteristics of the 3PL providers available in the market - and fifteen variables. The main contribution of this research to the business practice is the development of a set of the main variables that logistics managers may analyze in the decision making process of whether to outsource their logistics activities or not.

The diploma thesis is focusing on a warehouse management system of the ČSAD Hodonín a.s. company. This corporation is a logistics service provider mostly offering to its customers services associated with goods storage. The first objective of this thesis is an evaluation of change of WMS in this company and the second one is to design a method for selection of WMS and its supplier.

Yes / For years, humankind has been facing various disasters of which logistics has a crucial role for alleviating sufferings of vulnerable people, who are isolated and in need of basic supplies. Owing to the increasing importance of logistics in humanitarian operations, logistics service providers (LSPs) have recently become more prominent. Yet, only a few LSPs have the capabilities and mechanisms to offer operational solutions for humanitarian relief. Also, the conducted extensive literature review makes evident that the existence of a limited number of normative research reveals a barrier about what LSPs can bring into the humanitarian field. Accordingly, why LSPs are particularly important in the humanitarian supply chain and how LSPs manage their activities and resources in humanitarian operations become the main questions to be addressed. Thus, this study seeks to explore humanitarian operations of LSPs from different dimensions, enabled by Business Model Canvas (BMC). In this sense, the obtained findings clarify both similar and different viewpoints of diverse LSPs when mapped against the BMC. Consequently, the categorised interrelated information presented through the cross-case synthesis provide novelty to advance insights both on strategic missions of LSPs in humanitarian relief operations and on the usage of BMC beyond its common commercial implementations.

Yes / The developments brought by Industry 4.0 have spread to various components in a supply chain, where logistics is of utmost importance due to the intermediate role of logistics service providers (LSPs) operating among different actors. Despite such a vital role, the extant literature lacks from the extensive analysis of Industry 4.0 implementations in the logistics industry, particularly for LSPs. Accordingly, this study sets out to investigate, comprehensively, Industry 4.0 projections in logistics and their reflections on LSPs by adopting a multidimensional approach. In this respect, the key themes influenced by Industry 4.0 developments are initially determined through a structured survey conducted in the Turkish logistics industry. Then, in the same industry, both the probabilities and the impacts of Industry 4.0-focused thematic statements are examined through an integrative interview survey, which also incorporates ‘why-type’ of questions. Consequently, this study offers academic implications in terms of demonstrating possible changes in the logistics industry from the operational, financial, and human resources aspects. Additionally, the findings serve as a reference for logistics professionals while fostering their competitive Industry 4.0 initiatives and facilitating their strategic decisions.

Background:   The demand of textiles and clothing is constantly increasing; as a result the post-consumer textile waste increase as well. This point is bringing the focus on creating the value from waste by recycling. Sweden, municipalities are responsible for handling the textile waste that is currently categorized as the household waste. The post-consumer textile when disposed is mixed with the other household waste, which eliminates the commercial value of the material Purpose:          The purpose of this study is to explore the current system in Nässjö municipality to manage post-consumer textiles and identify the possibilities for value creation through reverse logistics processes.  Method:          To fulfil the research purpose a qualitative study employing single case is used. Study caters multi-perspectives from different actors i.e. municipality, logistics service providers and consumers. Purposive sampling is used to select the respondents from each actor seeing their position in the companies and knowledge on the subject. Primary data is gathered by conducting 11 semi-structured interviews and field visit to the waste collection site. Secondary data is obtained using web sources and also from different project reports from government and other agencies. The empirical data is categorized and then analysed by thematic analysis with the developed theoretical framework of systems’ theory. Findings:         Legislation to collect textiles as the separate entity and put it in the reverse logistics system is on the way. Today, input in the system is very low due to the unawareness of consumers about the available options. Municipality is processing the waste as a normal household waste and it is incinerated to produce energy for the residents.  LSP are coordinating with municipality and tend to increase their resources for effective participation in the new system. Municipality requires strategic changes to meet the coming legislative requirements. Conclusion:     A sub-system could be developed for post-consumer textile in Nassjo municipality. Input in the system has to be determined by consumers education and convenience. Municipality has to define their roles for manage sub-system effectively. The study has provided the rich description of potential possibilities in this context.

La recherche que nous menons s’interroge sur l’organisation des innovations incrémentales et radicales, au niveau intra et inter-entreprise, à la lumière des travaux sur l’ambidextrie organisationnelle (Tushman et O’Reilly, 1996, 1999 ; O’Reilly et Tushman, 2004 ; Birkinshaw et Gibson 2004). En prenant le cas de la prestation de services logistiques, secteur relevant de la problématique de l’innovation intensive (Le Masson, Weil et Hatchuel, 2006), notre recherche vise à étudier les modalités organisationnelles mises en œuvre pour innover, à comprendre et à identifier les facteurs explicatifs du recours aux formes d’ambidextrie organisationnelle. De plus, à notre connaissance, aucune étude n’a encore été conduite sur l’ambidextrie organisationnelle dans le secteur des services. Il s’agit donc aussi d’identifier les spécificités liées à l’organisation de l’innovation dans les entreprises de services. Pour mener à bien notre recherche, 8 études de cas ont été conduites auprès de Prestataires de Services Logistiques (PSL). 49 entretiens ont été réalisés auprès des acteurs participant aux processus d’innovation dans chaque entreprise, des données secondaires (documentation interne, presse professionnelle, etc.) ont également été collectées. Les résultats de notre étude éclairent les chercheurs et les praticiens sur les modalités organisationnelles mises en œuvre pour innover dans les entreprises de services et au sein de réseaux d’entreprises interconnectées. Notre étude identifie également les facteurs explicatifs du recours et de la combinaison des formes d’ambidextrie organisationnelle. Ces facteurs sont liés aux caractéristiques de l’entreprise, aux caractéristiques de l’innovation mais aussi aux relations inter-organisationnelles entretenues entre le prestataire et son client. / The research that we carry out examines the organization of incremental and radical innovations, both intra- and inter-enterprise, in the light of organizational ambidextry works (Tushman and O’Reilly, 1996, 1999; O’Reilly and Tushman, 2004; Birkinshaw and Gibson, 2004).Taking the case of logistics service provision, an industry concerned by the extensive innovation dilemma (Le Masson, Weil and Hatchuel, 2006), our research aims to study the organizational modalities implemented to innovate, but also to identify and understand the explanatory factors of the recourse to organizational ambidextry forms. Moreover, to our knowledge, no study has been performed on organizational ambidextry in the service industry. It is therefore, also about the identification of the specificities bound to the organization of innovation on service companies.To successfully achieve our research, case studies were performed with 8 Logistics Service Providers (LSP) companies. 49 interviews were carried out with the actors participating in the innovation process in each company. Secondary data (internal documentation, professional press, etc.) was also collected.The results enlighten the organizational modalities implemented to innovate in service companies and within interconnected companies for both researchers and practitioners. Our study also identifies the explanatory factors of the recourse to, and the combination of, organizational ambidextry forms. These factors are bound to the company’s characteristics as well as the characteristics of the innovation, but also to the inter-organizational relationship between the provider and its costumer.

Background: Collaboration between humanitarian organisations and commercial as well as humanitarian logistics service providers has become of utmost importance when outsourcing logistics activities. Selection criteria for choosing suitable logistics service providers areessential for the success of outsourcing collaboration and disaster operations. Yet, the selection of logistics service providers and the influencing factors for the development of outsourcing collaboration have been neglected by existing literature. Thus, there is a need to generate knowledge about the correlation between collaborative outsourcing and humanitarian logistics. As the UN system is the most relevant humanitarian system for responding to disasters, this case was chosen to provide the study context. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the outsourcing collaboration between humanitarian organisations and commercial as well as humanitarian logistics service providersin each of the disaster cycle phases, namely preparedness, response, and recovery. In particular, the selection criteria for collaboration with suitable logistics service providers when outsourcing logistics services within the context of the UN system are investigated. Method: This qualitative research employs an inductive single case study approach based on the context of the UN system. Data was collected and analysed through triangulating multiple data sources including semi-structured interviews, company reports and websites. Data from the different sources was compared and analysed by using a grounded analysis approach.  Conclusion: The study showed that the influence of the factors for outsourcing collaboration are closely connected to the humanitarian needs. This correlation affects the selection criteria for commercial and humanitarian logistics service providers and underlines the need to apply selection criteria for collaboration throughout the disaster cycle. The study further showed that the way of initiating collaboration substantially differs between the types of logistics service provider as it has an impact on the selection of logistics service providers.

Purpose The aim of this thesis is to find out the perception of the usefulness of key performance indicators (KPIs) among Logistics service providers (LSP) who are in the category of Micro and Small enterprises (MSEs) companies in Dhaka and Chittagong in Bangladesh. What is the perception of the usefulness of Key performance Indicators (KPIs) among the managers of LSP MSEs in Bangladesh? Methodology The data for this thesis was collected through qualitative research techniques through semi-structured interviews with 7 LSP MSE companies In Bangladesh. Theory Theory section highlighted the challenges LSP MSE companies continuously face. With an increasing number of companies, the number of LSPS are growing at a faster pace to support those companies. LSP MSE companies have to compete more in a vibrant market for which it is crucial for them to track the performance of their company and make continual improvements. KPIs are a performance measurement tool which can help the LSP MSE companies to be more competitive in the market as business survival is one of the main priorities of these companies.  Empirical findings, Analysis and Discussion This part presents the responses from the managers of LSP MSEs and then the narratives are explained with supportive theories. Findings show a moderate level of adoption of KPIs among the companies. With the right KPIs companies are able to turn the complex matter into a simple form with KPIs. KPIs can enable the companies towards better decision making processes with a clear picture about the direction. To improve the business performance, interviewed companies perceive that on time delivery, customer order cycle time, supply chain cycle time, on time shipping rate, number of customer returns, returns on investment, paying and returning customers are the most suitable for them. With KPIs they are able to act quickly when there is a downward trend in the company. Interviewed companies assert that KPIs provide a clearer view of the overall health of the organization than other performance assessment techniques.

La présente thèse porte sur le rôle du prestataire de services logistiques en matière d'émergence de solutions de mutualisation logistique concertée. Nous avons cherché à identifier les rôles des prestataires et à lier ces rôles avec la vision stratégique du prestataire, ses ressources et compétences, et les logiques des acteurs de la supply chain. Au cours de cette recherche, nous avons été amenés à spécifier la mutualisation logistique concertée, en identifiant trois grands types : la mutualisation concertée de type gestion partagée des approvisionnements mutualisés, la mutualisation concertée de type gestion mutualisée des approvisionnements et la mutualisation concertée « par synergie ». Suite à la confrontation de notre modèle théorique au terrain, nous avons construit trois modèles. Ces trois modèles mettent en perspective trois scenarii, avec pour chacun des rôles pour les prestataires de services logistiques de plus en plus spécifiques à acquérir ou assumer. Nous avons alors confronté les quatre grands rôles identifiés par la littérature à la réalité du terrain. Nous en avons déduit que les prestataires de services logistiques ne remplissent pas totalement ces quatre rôles et au contraire, sont peu actifs pour devancer les besoins de leurs clients. Nos trois scenarii nous conduisent non seulement à identifier trois types de prestataire mais aussi à identifier les ressources et compétences spécifiques à chacun des scenarii. Notre conclusion est que les prestataires peuvent jouer un rôle majeur dans l'émergence des solutions de mutualisation logistique concertée mais qui n'en saisissent que rarement l'opportunité. / The current thesis concerns the role of the logistic service provider in the emergence of concerted logistic pooling solutions. We identified roles of services providers and linked them with their strategic intent, their resources and competencies, and the behavior of supply chain actors (suppliers, distributors, IT services companies, consultants). This thesis is structured around three literature reviews, each of them is developed in a chapter (resources and competences and strategic management; logistic pooling, logistic service and logistic service providers), a fourth chapter on our methodology (interpretativist and hypothetico-deductive) with cases study and a qualitative methodology. In the last chapter, we present the result of our empirical study, based on eight cases from the distribution sector.We had to specify the definition of logistic pooling and found three major types: concerted logistic pooling based on "gestion partagée des approvisionnements mutualisée", a second one based on "gestion mutualisée des approvisionnements", and a last one based on "synergy". Then we built three models each of them fitted three scenarios. These scenarios helped us discover for each of them the role of the logistic service providers and the specific resources and competencies they own in each case. We develop then a matrix with the different scenarios and the kind of resources and competencies to acquire to change of scenario and become more proactive in logistic pooling. Our conclusion is that logistic service providers can have a major role to play in the development of concerted logistic pooling solutions, but they rarely take the opportunity to do so.