Projektet har gjorts på uppdrag av Ölandsfärjan AB för att tillverka elscheman för huvudinstrumenttavlan ombord på deras fartyg M/S Solsund. Anledningen till detta var att det inte fanns någon dokumentation om huvudinstrumenttavlan och detta försvårade arbetet med felsökning och underhåll. Därför önskades elscheman som kunde användas för att se skåpets funktioner och uppbyggnad.Uppdraget var att skapa ett layoutschema som beskriver indikeringslampor och knappars fysiska positioner för huvudinstrumenttavlans framsida. Det skulle även skapa ett kretsschema över förbrukardelen och ett kretsschema för kraftförsörjningsdelen som beskriver funktioner och utgående matningar. Kraftförsörjningen består av två generatorer och möjlighet till landanslutning. Det gjordes även separata kretsschema över generatorernas övervakningsskåp som innehöll effektbrytarnas utlösningsskydd. För samtliga scheman gjordes en gemensam apparatlista. För att skapa elscheman så påbörjades uppdraget med detektering av huvudinstrumenttavlan. Arbetsmetoden för detekteringen utfördes genom att visuellt följa eller resistansmäta kablarna. Avslutningsvis ritades den slutliga produkten i datorprogrammet Easy EL. / This project was commissioned by Ölandsfärjan AB to manufacture wiring diagrams for the main switchboard on board their ship M/S Solsund. The reason for this was that there was no documentation found on the main switchboard and this complicated the process of troubleshooting and maintenance. Therefore, Ölandsfärjan AB required wiring diagrams, which could be used to see cabinet functions and the contexture of the wiring.  The task was to create a layout diagram that would be able to provide a description for the physical positions of indicator lights and buttons on the front of the main switchboard. The task was also to create a circuit diagram of the consuming section and a circuit diagram of power supply section of the main switchboard, the purpose for this was to reveal the functions and output feeds. The power supply consists of two generators and also the opportunity for shore connection. Separate circuit diagrams of the generators' control boxes were also constructed for the circuit breaker tripping protection devices. For all diagrams a common device list was made. The project began to create wiring diagrams of the main switchboard. The work methods for the detection were performed by visually monitoring the cables or measuring the cables' resistance. Finally, the diagrams were made in the computer program Easy EL. / Main Switchboard Drawing

CAPES / Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide, soluble in water; it consists of three amino acids: L-glutamate, L-cysteine and glycine. It is the most efficient intracellular antioxidant present in the all biologics systems (animals and vegetables). Currently, it is reported many applications of GSH in different segments, like in food industries as food additive; in the sports segment, in the pharmaceutical field; it is used as food supplement; and is also used in the treatment of industrial effluents due to ability to absorb heavy metals. The application in magnetic fields (MF) inside the fermentative process can cause stimulants or inhibitory effects. However, it is not that reported in the literature. Thus, the main objective of this work is to study the influence of magnetic fields in the production of glutathione in reactor ?air-lift?? pressurized and the microorganism used was Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754 During the fermentations were analyzed the pH, concentrations of cell (g/L), glucose (g/L) and GSH (mg/L). Firstly, it was evaluated at different pressures (0; 0.25; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00; 1.25 e 1.50 kgf/cm2). In this context, conditions fermentation were 20?C, total time of 96 h e pHinitial 5.0. The results showed that the best two pressures were 1.50 kgf/cm2, concentration of cell 17.25 g/L and 141.30 mg/L of GSH (72 h) and 0.50 kgf/cm2, with 13.51 g/L concentration of cell and 178.21 mg/L of GSH (96 h). Secondly, was realized experimental factorial design 22 with the two best results of pressures obtained in the first step. In the planning seven tests were done including three central points, in which the variables investigated were: pressure and velocity of cell recycling. The percent of variation of 90% (p < 0.1) was used to statistical analysis of results of concentration of cell and GSH. Therefore, according to the results of the second step, the highest concentration of cell (7.26 g/L) was obtained with 1.5 kgf/cm2 and recycle of 15 cm/s at 72 h of fermentation. In relation to production of GSH, the highest result was 67.24 mg/L at 0.50 kgf/cm2 and recycle of 3.0 m/s with 67.24 mg/L at 94 h. There was no significant response in both responses to the variables (concentration of cell and GSH), according to the table of estimated effects. The production of GSH by S. cerevisiae ATCC 7754 on a pressurized system presented as an efficient and promising technology. However the influence of MF and the velocity of cell recycling led to mechanisms that promoted particular synthesis inhibition leading to a decrease in its final concentration. / A glutationa (GSH) ? um tripept?deo hidrossol?vel composto por tr?s amino?cidos: ?cido glut?mico, ciste?na e glicina. ? o mais eficiente antioxidante intracelular presente em todos os sistemas biol?gicos (animais e vegetais). Atualmente, relatam-se in?meras aplica??es da GSH nas ind?strias em diferentes segmentos, sendo eles: nas ind?strias de alimentos como aditivo alimentar; no campo farmac?utico; no segmento desportivo como suplemento alimentar e ainda no tratamento de efluentes industriais, pois tem a capacidade de adsorver metais pesados. A aplica??o de campos magn?ticos (CM) em processos fermentativos pode causar efeitos estimulantes ou inibit?rios, or?m ainda ? pouco reportada na literatura. Desta forma o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influ?ncia de CM na produ??o de glutationa em reator ?air-lift? pressurizado, o micro-organismo utilizado foi Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7754. Durante as fermenta??es foi feito o acompanhamento do pH, concentra??o celular (g/L), GSH (mg/L) e glicose (g/L). Na primeira etapa foi estudada apenas a varia??o da press?o no reator (0,00; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,00; 1,25 e 1,50 kgf/cm2). As condi??es das fermenta??es foram: 20?C, tempo total 96 h e pHinicial 5,0. De acordo com os resultados desta etapa, as duas melhores press?es em estudo foram 1,50 kgf/cm2, apresentando 17,25 g/L de concentra??o celular e 141,30 mg/L de GSH (72 h) e 0,50 kgf/cm2, com 13,51 g/L de concentra??o celular e 178,21 mg/L de GSH (96 h). Na segunda etapa, na qual se aplicou os CM, foi realizado um delineamento fatorial 22, onde foram realizados 7 ensaios, incluindo 3 pontos centrais, nos quais as vari?veis independentes testadas foram: press?o (kgf/cm2) e velocidade de reciclo celular (cm/s). O n?vel de signific?ncia de 90% (p < 0,1) foi utilizado na an?lise estat?stica dos dados de concentra??o celular e de GSH. De acordo com os resultados desta etapa, o maior resultado quanto ao crescimento celular (7,26 g/L) foi obtido a 1,50 kgf/cm2 e reciclo de 15 cm/s ap?s 72 h de fermenta??o. Em rela??o a concentra??o de GSH, o maior resultado foi a 0,50 kgf/cm2 e reciclo de 3,0 m/s com 67,24 mg/L a 94 h. A an?lise estat?stica mostrou que n?o houve vari?veis significativas em ambas as respostas (concentra??o celular e GSH). A produ??o de GSH a partir de S. cerevisiae ATCC 7754 em sistema pressurizado apresentou-se como uma tecnologia eficiente e promissora, por?m a influ?ncia de CM juntamente com a velocidade de reciclo celular, levou a mecanismos que promoveram determinada inibi??o em sua s?ntese, levando a diminui??o na sua concentra??o final.

Recent literature has established that breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) is upregulated during lactation and is responsible for the greater than predicted accumulation of many drugs in breast milk. The objectives of this project were (1) to investigate the role of this transporter in the reported apically-directed nitrofurantoin flux in the CIT3 cell culture model of lactation, (2) to develop a mathematical model for drug transfer into breast milk to relate initial flux rates, steady-state concentrations, efflux ratios, and in vivo milk to serum ratios (M/S) and (3) to identify xenobiotic transporters that are highly expressed, and therefore potentially important for drug accumulation during lactation in mice and humans. Expression, localization, and functional assays confirmed that Abcg2 is the molecular mechanism for the apically-directed nitrofurantoin flux in CIT3 cells despite an unchanged expression level following lactogenic hormone stimulation in this model. A simple three compartment model for drug transfer into breast milk incorporating the permeability-surface area products for passive diffusion (PSD), paracellular flux (PSPC), endogenous transporters (PSB,U, PSA,E, PSB,E, and PSA,U), and ABCG2 (PSA,E(ABCG2)) transfection was developed. A stably transfected ABCG2 overexpressing MDCKII cell line was successfully created and used to explore the theoretical relationships of this new model. Derivations and correlations presented herein show the relationships between the calculated efflux ratios, PSA,E(ABCG2), and M/S attributed to ABCG2. Six xenobiotic transporters (Abcg2, Slc22a1, Slc15a2, Slc29a1, Slc16a1, and Abcc5) were identified as upregulated during lactation in murine developmental datasets analyzed by microarray expression profiling. As existing methods were inadequate to obtain pure populations of luminal epithelial cells in sufficient numbers from human breast milk or reduction mammoplasty samples for microarray analysis, a new fluorescence activated cell sorting method was developed and validated. ABCG2, SLC15A2, SLC22A12, SLC6A14, and SLCO4C1 were significantly upregulated 164-, 70-, 41-, 8-, and 2-fold during lactation, respectively. ABCC10, SLC10A1, SLC16A1, SLC22A4, SLC22A5, SLC22A9, SLC28A3, SLC29A1, SLC29A2, and SLCO4A1 had an expression level similar to, or greater than, levels in the kidney or liver. The significant upregulation of SLCO4C1 with ABCG2 is a novel finding that suggests a coordinated vectorial pathway for substrate movement into breast milk.

Mid/side processing techniques are commonly used in the music recording industry to widen the stereo image to create a more enveloping listening experience. Since the gaming industry is now in need of better audio solutions to stay on par with the recent visual advances intechnology; these mid/side techniques could potentially be a useful tool for sound designers to use. In this study, an experiment was conducted where 16 participants were asked to play 4 scenarios with different audio settings meant to enhance envelopment in different ways. After each scenario the participants were asked to rate their preference and perceived envelopment followed by a short survey after all 4 scenarios were completed. The quantitative data showed very little evidence suggesting the mid/side processing to be neither perceived more enveloping nor more preferred than the other versions, except for a group with gamers that played games less than 6 hours per week. The qualitative data on the other hand, showed hints at the mid/side version having envelopment as its defining attribute along with it making the sound design more exciting and making some sounds more powerful. The main problem with the mid/side technique seems to be that it has to exclude in-game spatialization for the widened stereo image to be perceived as enveloping. However, if it is applied on sounds that do not need to be spatialized then it might be able to improve the perceived envelopment of those sounds.

Projektet har tillkommit på uppdrag av Ölandsfärgan AB, målet var att utreda möjligheterna för parallelldrift ombord på rederiets fartyg M/S Solsund. Frågeställningen besvarades genom att ta fram ett förslag på en installation för parallelldrift. Kraven som ställdes i projektdirektivet var att installationen skulle följa gällande regelverk för denna typ av installation samt att elscheman över förslaget togs fram i enlighet med IEC-standard. Ett tidigare examensarbete skrivit av Ottosson &amp; Nordin (2015) där de har dokumenterat M/S Solsunds huvudinstrumenttavla användes för att kartlägga installationen. En besiktning av komponenterna ombord M/S Solsund genomfördes med avsikten att undersöka skicket och den fysiska layouten av dessa. I samband med besiktningen hade ägaren en förevisning av fartyget för att ge kunskap om den dagliga driften ombord. Förevisningen gav en bredare uppfattning över förutsättningarna för hur en framtida installation skulle kunna se ut. En viktig parameter i projektet har varit att fastställa vilket regelverk som gällde för M/S Solsund vilket i sin tur skulle användas för att utarbeta ett förslag på installationen. Utredningen ledde till att förslaget skulle följa klassningsbolaget Germanischer Lloyd regelverk för Elektriska installationer, I-1-3 Electrical installations. (GL I-1-3). Vid utvärderingen av nuvarande installation och regelverk konstaterades att en modifikation av befintlig installation var nödvändig för att uppfylla kraven i projektdirektivet. Det konstruerades ett förslag på ett nytt övervakningsskåp för generatorerna innehållande nya komponenter som både kompletterade de generatorskydd som utvärderingen kom fram till fattades samt ersatte de skydd som var i det gamla övervakningsskåpet. De kompletterande komponenter som förslaget vill installera till varje generator var ett autosynkroniseringsdon som sköter in och utfasningen av generatorerna. Ett lastfördelningsdon som sköter både lasten vid normal drift och avlastningen vid utfasning av aktuell generator. Synkroniseringsskåp för indikering vid manuell infasning samt tre skyddsrelä innehållande överströms- och kortslutnings skydd, över- och under voltskydd samt ett överlastskydd som trippar non essential last ifall förbrukningen blir för hög. De kompletterande ritningar som ritades över denna installation återfinns som bilaga 3 och följer IEC standarden och är tänkta att användas som underlag vid en eventuell installation. Resultatet blev två layoutscheman och fem kretsscheman / The project has been commissioned by Ölandsfärjan AB, to investigate the possibilities of paralleloperation of the auxiliary engines onboard the companies' vessel M/S Solsund. A draft over theinstallation was made after the requirements given by the projects directives. The requirements in thedirectives was as following: The installation should comply with the prevailing regulations for thistype of installation and the electrical schematics designed to comply with the IEC standard.A background check was done before the commission started. In combination of inspections on boardto get the information about the condition and the physical layout of the components onboard,electrical drawings made in earlier project at Kalmar maritime academy was used to examine theship's main switchboard. To gain knowledge of how the owner operates the ship and to get ideas forthe installation, a demonstration was given by the owner. An important variable to this project was todetermine which regulations applied to this kind of ship. The investigation concluded that the shipsinstallation should follow classification company Germanischer Lloyd regulations for electricalinstallations.After evaluating the current installation and regulations, the conclusion was, that modification ofexisting installation was needed to fulfill the requirements of the project directives. The suggestedproduct to be manufactured was a new monitoring cabinet existing of new protection relays, howwould replace both the old protections in previous cabinet and adds supplemented protections neededfor this kind of installation. Components to be installed in the new suggestion are following: Autosynchronizer, Load sharer relay with included unloading and a reverse power protection.Synchroscope used when manually synchronize the auxiliary engines, and three protection relays; one3 phase over current and short circuit relay, one voltage relay (over and under) and at last one powerrelay for the bus bar used for tripping of non essential consumers.All constructed electrical drawings follows the IEC-standard and are intended to be used as a basis forthe installation. The drawings that were constructed are the following: - Layout diagram of the mainswitchboard and the new monitoring cabinet. - Circuit diagrams for both generators included themonitoring cabinets, and a part list over the components in the electrical schemes. All drawings wereconstructed in the computer program Easy EL.

Examensrapporten redovisar resultatet av ett uppdrag från Linnéuniversitetet gällande utbyte och modernisering av ett felfungerande maskinlarmsystem på M/S Calmare Nyckel, ett utbildningsfartyg utan klasscertifikat, för nationell sjöfart. Uppdraget påbörjades med en kravsammanställning som hanterade både beställarkrav och externa krav från myndigheter och andra gällande regelverk. Därefter undersöktes det befintliga systemet i samband med en förstudie för att avgöra vad som kunde återanvändas i olika grad för olika tekniska lösningar som gick att implementera. Efter beställaren valde teknisk lösning från förstudien fortsatte arbetet med att ta fram en ny mjukvara och ett nytt användargränssnitt. Den totala lösningen resulterade i ett fungerande maskinlarmsystem som installerades och provades av utförarna ombord M/S Calmare Nyckel, och därefter utfördes en protokollbaserad provning av fartygets befälhavare. Hela konstruktions och utvecklingsprocessen skedde i samråd med beställaren i en iterativ process över hela utförandeperioden. En provning av maskinlarmsystemet kommer att utföras av Transportstyrelsen innan systemet blir helt godkänt för framdrift med obemannat maskinrum. / This bachelor's thesis shows the result of an assignment given by Linnaeus university regarding exchange and modernization of a faulty machine alarmsystem onboard M/S Calmare Nyckel, a training vessel without class certificate, for national shipping. The assignment started with a requirements specification that summarized both client specific requirements and external rules and regulations from governments and organizations. After this the existing alarmsystem was examined in conjunction with a pilot study to determine what equipment could be reused and in what degree for the different technical solutions. After the client chose a technical solution from the pilot study, the work continued with programming a new software and a graphical user interface. The assignment resulted in a new and functional machine alarmsystem that was installed and tested by the participants onboard M/S Calmare Nyckel, and thereafter a protocol-based test was conducted by the ships commander. The construction and development process were done in conjunction with the ship’s commander in an iterative process during the entire development period. A test of the machine alarmsystem will be conducted by the Transportstyrelsen before the system will be approved for use of unmanned engine room.

No description available.

This thesis aims to discuss narratives concerning suppressed memories in post-war Norway andcontribute to the research on the political uses of, and influence on, history. Specifically, it addresses the issue of how politics can suppress memory and force certain histories to be “forgotten”. This research contributes to a larger academic discussion about post-war memory, and how the magnitude of an event does not necessarily result in its inclusion into history. The thesis also expands upon the growing research on Soviet memory in Norway and helps shed light on a catastrophe that is largely unknown. It also addressed why the victims of this enormous catastrophe had to wait so long to be laid to rest. This thesis intends to do this through an examination of the history of M/S Rigel and how it serves as an example for the way in which different narratives and political policies affect how history is portrayed, remembered, and why Rigel and its victims were, and have again, been forgotten for such a long time. This is done through the use of sources such as archival records, newspapers and secondary sources such as writings in local and maritime history, which are examined by the use of theories on the use of history, memory, and historical narratives. This is accomplished through methodical narrative analyses of these documents to gain further insight into the realities of Rigel’s perception throughout the period from its sinking to today.

Le béton est l'un des matériaux de construction les plus utilisés au monde. Sa durabilité, ses propriétés mécaniques et chimiques en ont fait un matériau de choix dans les concepts de stockage proposés par l'Agence Nationale pour la gestion des Déchets RadioActifs (Andra), notamment pour la réalisation des ouvrages de soutènement, bouchons d'alvéoles, massifs d'appuis ou encore conditionnement des déchets. L'étude de la stabilité des phases constitutives des matériaux cimentaires est donc nécessaire au vu des quantités envisagées et de la pérennité des ouvrages, et doit considérer (i) des gammes de températures adaptées aux matrices cimentaires de confinement en contact avec des déchets exothermiques (25 à 80°C), et (ii) une échelle de temps représentative de la durée de vie d'un stockage.Le projet ThermoChimie de l'Andra vise donc à développer une base de données (BDD) thermodynamiques cohérente, permettant de modéliser l'évolution chimique des matériaux cimentaires dans l'environnement du stockage de déchets radioactifs. Toutefois, dans l'état actuel, la base de données ne propose que des données thermodynamiques sur les phases cimentaires bien cristallisées, ainsi que sur un jeu de données limité à trois compositions chimiques différentes pour les C-S-H nanocristallins, ne permettant pas de reproduire la dégradation des matériaux cimentaires, ni de modéliser la dégradation des nouvelles formulations telles que les bétons "bas-pH".L'objectif est donc d'acquérir un jeu de données thermodynamiques complémentaire, sur les phases telles que les C-S-H (Silicates de Calcium Hydratés), C-A-S-H (Silicates de Calcium Alumineux Hydratés) et M-S-H (Silicates de Magnésium Hydratés), pour les intégrer à la base de données Thermo-Chimie. Cette étude s'appuie sur un travail expérimental, analytique et numérique dans le but d'obtenir un jeu de données thermodynamiques (ΔfG0, ΔfH0, Cp(T), S0) suffisamment représentatif de la variabilité chimiques de ce type de phases. Enfin, cet ensemble de donnée permet le développement d'un modèle de prédiction de données thermodynamiques dans des espaces de compositions et de températures étendues.Le développement de ce modèle de prédiction requiert (i) l'acquisition de propriétés thermodynamiques sur des phases représentatives du système chimique étudié, et (ii) une connaissance précise de la structure et des formules chimiques de ces phases. Trois types d'hydrates ont donc été synthétisés puis caractérisés : les C-S-H, les C-A-S-H et les M-S-H. Des méthodes analytiques telles que la DRX, l’ATG et la RMN du solide (29Si, 27Al) permettent d'établir des similitudes entre la structure des C-(A-)S-H et celle de la tobermorite d'une part, et entre la structure des M-S-H et celle des phyllosilicates Mg-Si 2:1 d'autre part. Les hydrates présentent toutefois une nanocristallinité ainsi que des défauts tant au niveau de la polymérisation du silicium tétraédrique qu'au niveau de l'empilement de leurs feuillets.Une approche multi-techniques est également utilisée, couplant isothermes d'adsorption (eau et azote) et RMN 1H aux résultats de DRX et ATG, pour discriminer les différents types d'eau plus ou moins liés à la structure des C-(A-)S-H. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence et de quantifier les différents types d'eau composant la structure des C-(A-)S-H. L'impact des méthodes de préparation a également été mis en évidence sur la quantification des différents types d'eau et notamment l'eau interfoliaire. L'acquisition des paramètres thermodynamiques sur les phases synthétisées est réalisée à partir de l'analyse des solutions d'équilibre pour le calcul des log K et ΔfG0, alors que des acquisitions calorimétriques permettent l'obtention des capacités calorifiques ainsi que le calcul de S0. Enfin, l'enthalpie de formation de ces phases est calculée à partir des enthalpies libres et des entropies. Le modèle de prédiction des données thermodynamiques est développé sur la base des propriétés acquises... / Concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in the world. Durability, mechanical and chemical properties have made it a material of choice in storage concepts proposed by the French National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management (Andra), including the achievement of retaining structures, cell plugs, massive supports or conditioning waste. The study of the stability of the constituent phases of cementitious materials is needed in view of the planned quantities and the durability of the structures, andmust consider (i) temperature ranges suitable for cement matrices containment in contact with exothermic waste (25-80°C), and (ii) a representative time scale of the lifetime of the storage.The Andra ThermoChimie project therefore aims to develop a consistent thermodynamic database, to model the chemical evolution of cement materials in the environment of radioactive waste. However, in the present state, the database offers only thermodynamic data of cementitious crystalline phases, as well as a limited data set of three different chemical compositions for nanocrystalline C-S-H. This does not allow to reproduce the degradation of cementitious materials, or model the degradation of the new formulations, such as "Low pH" concretes.The objective is therefore to acquire a thermodynamic complementary data set on phases such as C-S-H (Calcium Silicate Hydrates) C-A-S-H (Calcium Aluminate Silicate Hydrates) and M-S-H (Magnesium Silicate Hydrates), to complete the ThermoChimie database. This study is based on experimental, analytical and digital work, in order to obtain a set of thermodynamic data (ΔfG0, ΔfH0, Cp(T), S0) sufficiently representative of the chemical variability of these phases. Finally, this set of data allows the development of a thermodynamic predictive model in extended spaces of compositions and temperatures.Development of this predictive model requires (i) The acquisition of thermodynamic properties on representative phases of the studied chemical system, and (ii) a precise knowledge of the structure and chemical formulas of these phases. Three types of hydrates were therefore synthesized and characterized: C-S-H, C-A-S-H and M-S-H. Analytical methods such as XRD, TGA and solid state NMR (29Si, 27Al) are used to ascertain similarities between the structure of C-(A-)S-H and that of tobermorite, and between the structure of M-S-H and that of Mg-Si phyllosilicates 2:1. Hydrates, however, have a lower crystallinity, with defects in the polymerization of silica chains, and random stacking faults (turbostratism).A multi-technique approach is also used, combining adsorption isotherm (water and nitrogen) and 1HNMR with XRDand TGA, and allows characterization of different types of water more or less bound to the structure of C-(A-)S-H.This study allowed to highlight and quantify the different types of water in the C-(A-)S-H structure. The impact of the drying process was also highlighted on the quantification of different types of water, including interlayer water. The acquisition of thermodynamic parameters of the synthesized phases is carried out from the analysis of equilibrium solutions for the calculation of log K and ΔfG0, while calorimetric acquisitions permit obtaining heat capacities and the calculation of S0. Finally, enthalpy of formation of these phases is calculated from the Gibbs free energy of formation and entropies.The predictive model is developed fromthe acquired thermodynamic properties.The Gibbs free energy of formation ΔfG0 is predicted from an electronegativity model, while Cp and S0 are predicted through polyhedral decomposition model. Finally, a comparison of data obtained with those published in the literature, and the realization of predominance diagrams generalized to the whole CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system assess the reliability of the proposed model.

Rapporten är skriven för att dokumentera den befintliga installationen av ballast-, läns- och brandsystem ombord på fartyget M/S Calmare Nyckel. I enlighet med uppdragets specifika-tioner kommer även förslag på förbättringar att presenteras. Förslagen bygger till största del på fakta från en leverantör av ventilkomponenter och av klassen ställda krav på installationen. Förbättringarna beaktar i huvudsak minskade risker och ökad säkerhet. De största skillnaderna med de nya förslagen är att länsvattensystemet skiljs från de övriga systemen, de viktigaste funktionerna fjärrstyrs med hjälp av pneumatik och systemets komponenter märks enligt branchstandard. / This report is produced to document the existing installation regarding the ballast, bilge and fire system aboard the vessel M/S Calmare Nyckel. According to the specifications of the assignment a proposal regarding improvements will also be presented. The suggestions are mainly based on data from a supplier of valve components and the demands put up by the classification society. The improvements are considered with reduced risk and increased safety in mind. The main differences in the new proposals are the separation of the bilge system from the other two systems, that the most vital functions can be remote-controlled by pneumatics and that all components are marked according to industry standard.