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Determinação de residuos de verde de malaquita e verde de leucomalaquita em peixes por LC-ESI-MS/MS / Determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green residues in fish by LC-ESI-MS/MSHashimoto, Juliana Campos 15 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Felix Guillermo Reyes Reyes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T19:05:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos
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Synthesis of -dye-labelled thermoresponsive block copolymers by raft polymerization : behaviour at the air-water interface and in aqueous solutions / Synthèse de copolymères à bloc thermosensibles-fonctionnalisés par un chromophore par polymérisation raft : comportement à l’interface air-eau et en solution aqueuseBeija, Mariana 20 July 2009 (has links)
Les copolymères à blocs di-hydrophiles contenant un bloc thermosensible reçoivent une attention croissante grâce à leur capacité d’auto-organisation en micelles induite par une variation de température. Néanmoins, peu de travaux ont été consacrés à l’étude de leur conformation par fluorescence et de leur dynamique à l’interface air-eau et en solution aqueuse. Dans ce travail, des copolymères à blocs composés d’un bloc thermosensible deN,N-diéthylacrylamide (DEA) et d’un bloc hydrophile de N,N-diméthylacrylamide (DMA) ou d’un bloc réactif [copolymère statistique de DMA et de N-acryloxysuccinimide (NAS)] ont été synthétisés par polymérisation RAFT. Ces copolymères à blocs ont été fonctionnalisés à leur extrémité hydrophile par un chromophore, Rhodamine B ou Vert de Malachite, via une stratégie de pré- ou de postpolymérisation. Dans le premier cas, des dérivés aminés de Rhodamine B et Vert de Malachite ont été synthétisés pour l’élaboration d’agents de transfert de chaîne (ATC) marqués, ce qui permet directement l’obtention de copolymères à blocs alpha-fonctionnalisés par un chromophore. En parallèle, des copolymères à blocs ont été préparés via l’utilisation d’un ATC précurseur puis fonctionnalisés ultérieurement par les dérivés aminés des chromophores. Le comportement thermosensible de ces polymères et d’un copolymère à blocs amphiphile de DEA et de N-décylacrylamide a été étudié à l’interface air-eau et en films de Langmuir-Blodgett par AFM et microscopie confocale de fluorescence. Des études d’émission et d’anisotropie de fluorescence, de diffusion de lumière et de RMN 1H ont été réalisées pour étudier leur comportement en solution aqueuse / Double hydrophilic diblock copolymers comprising a thermoresponsive block have gained increasing attention due to their capability of self-assembling in micelles by a temperature change. However, very few fluorescence studies were devoted to investigate their conformation and dynamics both at the air-water interface and in aqueous solutions. In this work, block copolymers composed of a thermoresponsive block of N,N- iethylacrylamide (DEA) and a hydrophilic block of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) or a reactive block [statistical copolymer of DMA and N-acryloxysuccinimide (NAS)] were prepared by RAFT polymerization. These block copolymers were functionalized at the hydrophilic chain-end by a Rhodamine B or Malachite Green dye using either a pre- or a post-polymerization strategy. In the first case, Rhodamine B and Malachite Green amino derivatives were synthesized for the preparation of dyelabelled chain transfer agent (CTA), which led directly the alpha-dye-labelled block copolymers. Alternatively, the block copolymers were prepared using a precursor CTA and further functionalized with the dye amino derivative. The thermoresponsive behaviour of these polymers and of amphiphilic block copolymers of DEA and N-decylacrylamide was studied at the air-water interface and in Langmuir-Blodgett films using AFM and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence emission and anisotropy, light scattering and 1H NMR studies were performed to investigate their behaviour in aqueous solutions.
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Efeito da terapia fotodinâmica sobre biofilme de Enterococcus faecalis e estrutura dentinária / Effect of photodynamic therapy on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and dentin structureAlves, Denise Ramos Silveira 05 May 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-05-05 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Objective: Evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in
infected root canals and on dentin structure.
Methods: Twenty-one root canals of a sample of 24 extracted single-rooted human teeth were
infected by E. faecalis for 60 days to form biofilm. The antimicrobial strategies tested were (n=3 in
each group): root canal preparation using NiTi rotary instruments, 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA
irrigation, and PDT with 0.01% methylene blue (group I) or 0.01% malachite green (group II); root
canal preparation using NiTi rotary instruments, 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA irrigation, and PDT
with 0.01% methylene blue (group III); PDT with 0.01% methylene blue without root canal
preparation (group IV); root canal preparation using NiTi rotary instruments, 22.5% NaOCl and
17% EDTA irrigation, and no PDT (group V); 2.5% NaOCl irrigation with no root canal
preparation, and 17% EDTA irrigation (group VI); positive control (group VII). Three roots were
not infected and were used as negative controls (group VIII). Samples for microbiological tests
were collected using three sterile paper points, later stored in BHI and incubated at 37o C for 48
hours at three time points: before (S1) and after (S2) root canal preparation, and after PDT
application (S3). Bacterial growth was analyzed according to turbidity of culture medium, presence
of bacteria, and spectrophotometric optical density (nm). Specimens were sectioned and prepared
for SEM analysis of dentin structure.
Results: Bacteria were found at S1, S2 and S3 in all experimental groups. Optical density of
culture media at S2 and S3 in groups I, II and III were lower than at S1, but not statistically
different. Optical density of culture media at S2 was 28.70% and 24.67% lower than at S1 in
groups I and II; after PDT, optical density was 90.00% (group I) and 37.30% (group II) lower. In
group III, it was 97.70% lower at S2 and an additional 92.00% lower after PDT. In group IV,
optical density increase 3.2%. Dentin analysis after PDT revealed areas of melting and
recrystallization, peritubular dentin projections, intertubular dentin erosion and fusion of dentinal
tubule openings, which made dentin surface irregular. Some dentinal tubules were obliterated, and
there were changes in the shape of their openings.
Conclusion: PDT applied after root canal preparation using manual or rotary files was not
effective in eliminating E. faecalis completely. PDT changed dentin structure and resulted in
dentin melting and recrystallization, as well as in dentinal tubule erosion and obliteration. / Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da terapia fotodinâmica sobre biofilme de Enterococcus faecalis em
canais radiculares infectados e sobre a estrutura dentinária.
Metodologia: O estudo foi desenvolvido em vinte e quatro dentes humanos unirradiculares
extraídos, dos quais vinte e um canais radiculares foram infectados com E. faecalis por 60
dias para formação de biofilme. As estratégias antimicrobianas testadas foram (n=3): preparo
do canal radicular com instrumentos rotatórios de NiTi/ NaOCl 2,5%/ irrigação final EDTA
17%, e TFD com azul de metileno 0,01% (Grupo I) ou verde malaquita 0,01% (Grupo II);
preparo do canal radicular com instrumentos manuais de aço inox/ NaOCl 2,5%/ irrigação
final EDTA 17% e TFD com azul de metileno 0,01% (Grupo III); TFD com azul de metileno
0,01% sem preparo prévio do canal radicular (Grupo IV); preparo do canal radicular com
instrumentos rotatórios de NiTi/ NaOCl 2,5%/ irrigação final EDTA 17% sem emprego da TFD
(Grupo V); irrigação com hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% sem preparo do canal radicular/ irrigação
final EDTA 17% (Grupo VI); controle positivo (Grupo VII). Três espécimes não foram
contaminados, sendo utilizados como controle negativo (Grupo VIII). Coletas microbiológicas
foram realizadas, antes (CM1) e após (CM2) o preparo do canal radicular, e depois da
aplicação da TFD (CM3), utilizando três pontas de papel absorventes esterilizadas,
posteriormente armazenadas em BHI e a seguir , incubadas a 37o
C por 48 horas. O
crescimento bacteriano foi analisado pela turbidez do meio de cultura, sendo determinada a
presença ou ausência de bactérias, e pela densidade óptica do meio de cultura, interpretada
por espectrofotometria (nm). A seguir, os espécimes foram seccionados e preparados para
análise da estrutura dentinária por meio de imagens de MEV.
Resultados: A presença de bactérias foi verificada na CM1 , CM2 e CM3 de todos os grupos
experimentais. As medidas da densidade óptica dos meios de cultura das CM2 e CM3 nos
grupos experimentais I, II e III apresentaram redução quando comparada a CM1, porém não
significativa estatisticamente. Nos Grupos I e II a densidade óptica do meio de cultura foi
reduzida em 28.70% e 24,67% em CM2, respectivamente. Após a TFD, a redução da
densidade óptica foi 90,00% (Grupo I) e 37,70% (Grupo II). No Grupo III, a redução da
densidade óptica do meio de cultura foi de 97,70% na CM2, com redução adicional de 92,00%
após TFD. No Grupo IV foi verificado aumento da densidade óptica do meio de cultura em
3,2%. A análise da dentina evidenciou, nos grupos submetidos à TFD, áreas de derretimento
e recristalização, projeção da dentina peritubular, e regiões com erosão da dentina
intertubular e união das entradas dos túbulos dentinários, tornando a superfície dentinária
irregular. Obliteração de túbulos dentinários com alteração do contorno de suas entradas
também foi verificada.
Conclusão: A TFD, após preparo do canal radicular com sistema rotatório ou manual, não foi
efetiva na eliminação completa de E. faecalis, e alterou a estrutura dentinária, determinando
derretimento e recristalização de dentina, erosão e obliteração de túbulos dentinários.
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Spektrofotometrické stanovení fosforečnanů v ternárních systémech s barvivy / Spectrophotometric determination of phosphate in ternary systems with dyesNovotný, Radek January 2014 (has links)
The theoretical part of this master’s thesis is focused on the characteristics and forms of phosphorus, occurrence in natural waters and the problems associated with higher phosphorus concentrations, especially in the development of cyanobacteria and algae. There are also described the possibilities of determining the degree of pollution of natural waters by nutrients and the effects of eutrophication. There are also described methods for the determination of phosphates, especially spectrophotometric determination in ternary systems with dyes. Like other methods are mentioned AAS, ion chromatography, electrophoresis and izotachophoresis, electrochemical methods or enzymatic methods. In the experimental part of this work deals with the selection and optimalization of suitable ternary system with organic dyes for spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphates. The system with phosphovanadomolybdic acid is studied too. For analytical procedure with malachite green oxalate, which was found to be most useful, were studied interfering ions, commonly occurring in natural waters . The chosen procedure was finally tested on real water samples.
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Entwicklung einer Hydrophobin-basierten funktionalisierten Oberfläche für den optischen Nachweis von GlyphosatDöring, Julia 08 March 2021 (has links)
Glyphosat ist eines der weltweit am häufigsten eingesetzten Herbizide. Sein Einsatz wird u.a. auf Grund einer möglichen karzinogenen Wirkung und eines möglichen negativen Einflusses auf die Biodiversität kritisch diskutiert. Um Aussagen über die Verbreitung von Glyphosat in der Umwelt treffen zu können, werden verlässliche Nachweissysteme benötigt.
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit bestand darin, ein einfaches optisches System zum schnellen Nachweis von Glyphosat in wässrigen Proben, basierend auf einer Hydrophobin-funktionalisierten Oberfläche, die das Glyphosat Zielprotein präsentiert, zu entwickeln. Hierfür wurden verschiedene Fusionsproteine aus dem Glyphosat Zielprotein, der 5-Enolpyruvylshikimat-3-phosphatsynthase (EPSPS, hier aus dem Bakterium Escherichia coli (EcEPSPS)) und dem zur Selbstassemblierung an hydrophilen/hydrophoben Grenzflächen befähigten Hydrophobin Ccg2 aus Neurospora crassa erzeugt, welche für die Oberflächenfunktionalisierung eingesetzt wurden. Die Expression und Reinigung der Fusionsproteine und von Ccg2 in E. coli verlief erfolgreich. Nach initialen Kontaktwinkelmessungen zur Untersuchung der Funktionalität des Hydrophobins und Enzymaktivitätsmessungen für die Fusionsproteine, konnte deren Aktivität auch nach der Reinigung nachgewiesen werden. Dabei erwies sich das Fusionsprotein Ccg2_GS_EcEPSPS, aufgrund einer hohen enzymatischen Aktivität nach Immobilisierung, als am besten geeignet. Es wurden verschiedene Belegverhältnisse zwischen Hydrophobin und Fusionsprotein untersucht, um etwaige sterische Behinderungen zu minimieren. Hierbei erwies sich ein Belegverhältnis von 1 µM Ccg2_GS_EcEPSPS und 5 µM Ccg2 für die künftigen Messungen als gut geeignet. Auf Basis der so funktionalisierten Oberfläche wurden zwei Verfahren zum optischen Nachweis von Glyphosat entwickelt. Eines der Verfahren, der Malachitgrün-Assay, weist die enzymatische Aktivität der EPSPS auf der Oberfläche nach, genauer das entstehende anorganische Phosphat (Pi). Durch Glyphosathemmung entsteht weniger Pi, dies kann mittels Malachitgrün-Assay nachgewiesen werden. Unter Laborbedingungen konnte ein Detektionslimit von 50 nM erreicht werden. Des Weiteren zeigte der Assay keine nennenswerte Querempfindlichkeit und erwies sich damit als sehr spezifisch. Zusätzlich wurde der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Temperaturen und pH-Werte untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass Schwankungen dieser Parameter den Assay beeinflussen. Auch ein Einfluss der Ionenstärke konnte festgestellt werden. Deshalb sind entsprechende Kontrollen unerlässlich. Der Einfluss nicht-reaktionsbedingten Phosphates konnte durch Vorinkubation der Oberfläche mit der Glyphosat-haltigen Analyselösung mit anschließender Entfernung der Selbigen und Durchführung des Malachitgrün-Assays minimiert werden. Das zweite Verfahren, der Hydrogelsonden (HGS)-Assay, weist direkt die Interaktion von Glyphosat und der immobilisierten EcEPSPS nach. Hierfür wurden verformbare, Glyphosat-dekorierte HGS aus Polyethylenglykol benötigt. Bei Abwesenheit von freiem Glyphosat liegen die Bindestellen der immobilisierten EPSPS frei vor, sodass sie für die Bindung des immobilisierten Glyphosats an den HGS zur Verfügung stehen. Zwischen den HGS und der Oberfläche entsteht auf diese Weise eine große Kontaktfläche, welche mittels Reflektionsinterferenzkontrastmikroksopie messbar ist. Freies Glyphosat in der Analyselösung reduziert die verfügbaren Bindestellen an der Oberfläche. Dies resultiert in einer kleineren Kontaktfläche. Auf diese Weise kann durch Ermittlung der Größe der Kontaktfläche zwischen HGS und funktionalisierter Oberfläche und der daraus berechneten Adhäsionsenergie, auf das Vorhandensein von Glyphosat in der Analyselösung geschlossen werden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnte nach Optimierung der Oberflächenbeschichtung, ein positiver Machbarkeitsbeweis für dieses Verfahren erbracht werden.
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Oberflächenverstärkte Hyper-Raman-Streuung (SEHRS) und oberflächenverstärkte Raman-Streuung (SERS) für analytische AnwendungenGühlke, Marina 02 August 2016 (has links)
Hyper-Raman-Streuung folgt anderen Symmetrieauswahlregeln als Raman-Streuung und profitiert als nicht-linearer Zweiphotonenprozess noch mehr von verstärkten elektromagnetischen Feldern an der Oberfläche plasmonischer Nanostrukturen. Damit könnte die oberflächenverstärkte Hyper-Raman-Streuung (SEHRS) praktische Bedeutung in der Spektroskopie erlangen. Durch die Kombination von SEHRS und oberflächenverstärkter Raman-Streuung (SERS) können komplementäre Strukturinformationen erhalten werden. Diese eignen sich aufgrund der Lokalisierung der Verstärkung auf die unmittelbare Umgebung der Nanostrukturen besonders für die Charakterisierung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Molekülen und Metalloberflächen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, ein tieferes Verständnis des SEHRS-Effekts zu erlangen und dessen Anwendbarkeit für analytische Fragestellungen einzuschätzen. Dazu wurden SEHRS-Experimente mit Anregung bei 1064 nm und SERS-Experimente mit Anregung bei derselben Wellenlänge sowie mit Anregung bei 532 nm - für eine Detektion von SEHRS und SERS im gleichen Spektralbereich - durchgeführt. Als Beispiel für nicht-resonante Anregung wurden die vom pH-Wert abhängigen SEHRS- und SERS-Spektren von para-Mercaptobenzoesäure untersucht. Mit diesen Spektren wurde die Wechselwirkung verschiedener Silbernanostrukturen mit den Molekülen charakterisiert. Anhand von beta-Carotin wurden Einflüsse von Resonanzverstärkung im SEHRS-Experiment durch die gleichzeitige Anregung eines molekularen elektronischen Übergangs untersucht. Dabei wurde durch eine Thiolfunktionalisierung des Carotins eine intensivere Wechselwirkung mit der Silberoberfläche erzielt, sodass nicht nur resonante SEHRS- und SERS-Spektren, sondern auch nicht-resonante SERS-Spektren von Carotin erhalten werden konnten. Die Anwendbarkeit von SEHRS für hyperspektrale Kartierung in Verbindung mit Mikrospektroskopie wurde durch die Untersuchung von Verteilungen verschiedener Farbstoffe auf strukturierten plasmonischen Oberflächen demonstriert. / Hyper-Raman scattering follows different symmetry selection rules than Raman scattering and, as a non-linear two-photon process, profits even more than Raman scattering from enhanced electromagnetic fields at the surface of plasmonic nanostructures. Surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering (SEHRS) could thus gain practical importance for spectroscopy. The combination of SEHRS and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers complementary structural information. Specifically, due to the localization of the enhancement to the close proximity of the nanostructures, this information can be utilized for the characterization of the interaction between molecules and metal surfaces. The aim of this work was to increase the understanding of the SEHRS effect and to assess its applicability to answer analytical questions. For that purpose, SEHRS experiments with excitation at 1064 nm and SERS experiments with excitation at the same wavelength, as well as with excitation at 532 nm - to detect SEHRS and SERS in the same spectral region - were conducted. As an example for non-resonant excitation, pH-dependent SEHRS and SERS spectra of para-mercaptobenzoic acid were examined. Based on these spectra, the interaction of different silver nanostructures with the molecules was characterized. beta-Carotene was used to study the influence of resonance enhancement by the excitation of a molecular electronic transition during SEHRS experiments. By the thiol-functionalization of carotene, a more intense interaction with the silver surface was achieved, which enables to obtain not only resonant SEHRS and SERS but also non-resonant SERS spectra of carotene. Hyperspectral SEHRS imaging in combination with microspectroscopy was demonstrated by analyzing the distribution of different dyes on structured plasmonic surfaces.
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Synthesis and characterisation of substituted smithsonite and calciteHales, Matthew Cameron January 2008 (has links)
Carbonate minerals play a very important role in nature, they represent some of the most diverse and common mineral species on the Planet. They are directly involved in the carbon dioxide (CO2) cycle acting as relatively stable long term chemical storage reservoirs, moderating both global warming trends and oceanaquatic chemistry through carbonate buffering systems. A range of synthetic metal carbonates have been synthesised for analysis under multiple experimental conditions, in order to study the variation in physical and chemical properties such as phase specificity, metal substitution, hydration/hydroxy carbonate formation under varying partial pressures of CO2 and thermal stability. Synthetic samples were characterised by a variety of instrumental analysis techniques in order to investigate chemical purity and phase specificity. Some of the techniques included, vibrational spectroscopy (IR/Raman), thermal analysis (TGA-MS) (thermal Raman), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy (SEM-EDX). From the instrumental characterisation techniques, it was found that single phase smithsonite, hydrozincite, calcite and nesquehonite could successfully be synthesised under the conditions used. Minor impurities of other minerals and / or phases were found to form under specific chemical or physical conditions such as in the case of hydrozincite / simonkolleite if zinc chloride was used during hydrothermal synthesis.
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Geology of the Palo Verde Ranch Area, Owl Head Mining District, Pinal County, ArizonaApplebaum, Steven January 1975 (has links)
A quartz diorite intrusion of probable early Tertiary age that crops out over at least 6 square miles in the Palo Verde Ranch area in Pinal County, Arizona was mapped as a distinct intrusion. The quartz diorite intrudes an area comprising Pinal Schist, Oracle granite, andesitic flows, granoaplite, and dike rocks including both pegmatite and diabase. Two major physical features, the Owl Head Buttes and Chief Buttes volcanic areas, both remnants of an extensive early Tertiary series of flows of intermediate composition that covered the area, now remain as lava-capped buttes above the pediment. Weak but persistent fracture-controlled copper mineralization is found in the quartz diorite and the Pinal Schist at or near their mutual contacts in the form of chrysocolla, malachite, black copper oxides, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, and bornite, in decreasing order. Pyrite is rare. Alteration related to northeast and northwest-trending fractures increases in intensity from the common propylitic to argillic to the northeast toward the San Juan claims area. A barely discernible increase in copper sulfides mirrors the alteration zoning, although geochemical sampling showed background copper in the quartz diorite to be more uniform away from fractures.
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DISTINCT ROLES OF THE aD HELIX IN aCAMKII ACTIVATION CHARACTERIZED USING A DE NOVO MUTATION FROM CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DISABILITIESWalter Saide (16650807) 07 August 2023 (has links)
<p>This dissertation describes the effects of a <i>de novo</i> mutation of CaMKII found in children with learning disabilities and describes its effect on catalytic activity. We develop a malachite green assay for the measurement of CaMKII activation and use it for high-throughput chemical screening to identify CaMKII inhibitors and enhancers. We also propose a new mechanism of regulation of CaMKII activity by ADP.</p><p><br></p>
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