The key to an organization's long-term success is a sustainable competitive advantage. In a global market characterized by fierce competition, organizations differentiate themselves no longer through their competitive position or technological or human resources but through knowledge. Such a decisive economic resource needs to be managed, giving rise to the theory of Knowledge Management (KM). Because knowledge is created and shared through social interactions, knowledge transfer is the most critical part of KM. Especially in tourist destinations, the diversity of stakeholders, each with unique skills and knowledge, represents great opportunities for innovation and the sustainable development of destinations but also great challenges. Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) are responsible to maintain the attractiveness of a destination by encouraging competing and complementary organizations to collaborate to exchange knowledge. Ultimately, the tourist experience and image of a destination are created interdependently by the tourism stakeholders. By conducting a case study in the destination of Kalmar, this paper aimed to explain to what extent a DMO manages inter-organizational knowledge transfer within a tourist destination. An explanatory sequence was used to gather primary data in three steps. First, a survey was conducted with local tourism stakeholders. Then, the local DMO and the university were interviewed. The data collected from 32 local tourism stakeholders suggest that tourism stakeholders, primarily SMEs, are lacking the resources to engage in knowledge transfer and overlook the value of external sources of knowledge. The findings of the interviews point to that there is a need to support tourism stakeholders with digitalization, to encourage tourism stakeholders to join a destination network and to close the knowledge gap through research produced by universities. This study contributes to gaining a broader understanding of the opportunities and challenges of inter-organizational knowledge transfer within the destination of Kalmar.

隨著資訊科技不斷進行，資訊電腦、資訊與網路通訊科技的整合應用，除了改變現今生活的全貌，而同時深入改變企業或政府組織的角色，以及其經營之道的理念與做法，此外嶄新的管理與決策工具，也輔助高階主管的管理作業。而一個成功的企業或政府組織為能彈性因應外在競爭及劇變環境，需使其內部之資訊互通整合，以達組織間之企業流程、工作流運作順暢，而發揮企業之最大效率。藉由新科技的輔助，企業除內部工作流流線化外，對外也可增加其回應能力，以及提高其競爭能力。 本研究採個案研究方式，依據所提出之建立工作流模型及工作流管理系統之方法，選定一個案組織進行驗證。以整合性跨部門之業務流程出發，建立組織之業務流程模型，經流程分析及問題探討後，提出一套建議未來合理之業務流程模型，依未來合理之業務流程建立工作流模型，並進一定定義及強化資訊系統自動追蹤及稽催之角色，設計工作流管理系統。於所有活動均被正式定義以及追蹤管理之下，對於各項活動執行之作業成本及其績效，均能明確記載，因此可提供每年或外在環境改變時，進行對業務流程之檢討，再啟動本研究提出之方法，而每一次之檢討，可助於組織重新設計執行績效更佳之業務流程及工作流。

1982年《聯合國海洋法公約》確立了專屬經濟區的制度後，公海成為海洋生物資源養護與管理的一大缺口，特別是在養護與管理跨界及高度洄游魚群上產生防護的漏洞。1995年國際間通過《聯合國跨界與高度洄游魚類協定》，旨在履行《聯合國海洋法公約》關於養護跨界與高度洄游魚群之規定，並進一步訂立更完善之規範，特別是協定重視各區域性漁業組織之功能，期能透過該些組織，更有效率地管理並養護各區域之跨界與高度洄游魚群。因此，《聯合國海洋法公約》、1995年協定與區域性漁業組織相互間透過法律規範，從架構、實踐與實際執行這三方面試圖形塑一個較為嚴謹及嚴密的網絡。 2004年中西太平洋漁業委員會（WCPFC）成立。協定與委員會透過登臨與檢查的方式，以養護與管理在公海海域之跨界與洄游魚群。然公海自由及公海上由船旗國管轄乃習慣國際法，而為在保育海洋生物資源，在公海上採取相互登臨與檢查為國際海洋法發展之趨勢。由於登臨與檢查乃涉及一國之主權問題，台灣因於國際上之特殊地位，在WCPFC中之登臨與檢查權便為一值得探討之議題。 《WCPFC登檢程序》規定《WCPFC公約》之締約方有相互登臨檢查之權利與義務，而WCPFC之會員有被登檢之義務。由於台灣乃以漁業實體之身份加入，成為WCPFC之會員，並非《WCPFC公約》之締約方，因此台灣是否有登檢其他會員船舶之權利便為我方關切之議題。筆者透過對1995年協定、《WCPFC公約》，以及《WCPFC登檢程序》之分析，認為台灣倘與其他會員或《WCPFC公約》締約方締結登檢協議，則台灣與協議締約方間當可享有《WCPFC登檢程序》中規定之完整的登檢權利與義務，而不受僅為「會員」身份所造成之模糊地位所限制。 / As the 1982 LOS Convention establishes the concept of Exclusive Economic Zone, the high seas has not only become the rest areas without authorities’ jurisdiction, but also been a breach of the conservation and management of living recourses, especially in aspect of the conservation and management of straddling and highly migratory stocks. In 1995, Straddling Stocks Agreement was approved, in which the main purpose is to enforce the principles of LOS Convention relating to the conservation and management of straddling and highly migratory stocks. Straddling Stocks Agreement respects the functions of the regional fishing organizations and expects it to manage and conserve straddling and highly migratory stocks more efficiently in each region. Consequently, through making stipulations, the LOS Convention, 1995 Agreement, and regional fishing organizations attempt to build up a strict network of framework, implementation, and enforcement. In 2004, WCPFC Commission was founded. Through boarding and inspection, 1995 Agreement and WCPFC Commission conserve and manage the straddling and highly migratory stocks. Although the high-seas freedoms and flag State jurisdiction are the parts of customary international law, it is the trend in development of international law to adopt boarding and inspection in high seas for conserving living resources in ocean. Due to boarding and inspection concerning the sovereignty, as the special status in international society, Taiwan’s boarding and inspection rights in WCPFC Commission become a disputed issue. WCPFC Boarding and Inspection Procedures imply that the Contracting Parties of WCPFC Convention have rights and obligations to board and inspect each other’s ships, but the members of WCPFC only have the obligation of being boarded and inspected. Since Taiwan, as the fishing entity, participated in WCPFC as the Member rather than the Contracting Parties. As a result, whether Taiwan possessing any rights to board and inspect other members’ ships is concerned by Taiwan’s authority. By analyzing 1995 Agreement, WCPFC Convention, and WCPFC Boarding and Inspection Procedures, the author concludes that if Taiwan has the agreements relating to boarding and inspection with other Members or Contracting Parties, Taiwan would absolutely possess the full rights and obligations, which the WCPFC Boarding and Inspection Procedures stipulate, without constrained by its ambiguous status caused by the role of Member.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the establishment of a Project Management Office and project performance. Particularly, whether or not the establishment of a Project Management Office leads to enhanced project performance in project based organizations.   Framework - The framework developed for the purpose of this study is made out of the different categories of Project Management Office services and functions on the one side and the different dimensions of project performance on the other. The model created tests the individual relationships between the constructs on each side.   Methodology- The study employs a quantitative research design. Project Management Offices in organizations from across the globe and operating in a range of industries and industry segments are investigated. The data for the study is collected using an online questionnaire.   Findings - The findings of this study lead to the belief that the establishment of a Project Management Office and the implementation of a certain set of its services and function will indeed lead to enhanced project performance   Managerial Implications - Managers are made aware of the impact of the Project Management Office on project performance. Moreover, they are given guidelines as to what services and functions to adopt if there were only interested in seeing results on the project level. Limitations - The approach to exploring the subject in hand, the choice of participating organizations, the size of the sample tested, and the framework chosen for the evaluation of project performance are all seen as limitations for this study.

Diploma thesis describes the possibility of further development of tourism in the region Sedlčany. The basis for processing the information obtained from local budgetary organizations and the Association of Municipalities Sedlčany interviews focused on the municipalities that cooperate with this organization. The goal is to analyze the current situation in managing the development of the region Sedlčany and suggest possible further steps towards achieving the objectives using the tools of marketing management destination.

This thesis deals with the proposal to support production management information system in the particular company. Based on theoretical knowledge and analysis of the current state of the company and its surroundings, the proposal supports production management information system. The thesis includes the level of strategy, tactics and operations and areas of the planning, organizing, management and control. Proposals should lead to greater effectiveness and efficiency in the processes related to production and thereby to achieve higher profits.

The master's thesis describes the management of non-profit organizations. In the action research, data related to a particular human rights organization were collected. Based on the analysis, the organization was recommended potential management improvements. The thesis is formulated for non-profit organizations that want to get a complex overview of their management possibilities. In particular, this thesis is addressed to the mentioned non-profit organization dealing with human rights in the country and it should serve as a material for consideration of appropriate management methods in the future.

No / PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To assess and improve the safety of hospital-based adult chemotherapy administration. DESIGN: Prospective, systems-focused clinical risk assessment. SETTING: An adult inpatient and outpatient oncology unit in a large urban hospital in the United Kingdom. SAMPLE: 8-person nurse-led multidisciplinary team, which included managerial staff and patient safety researchers. METHODS: Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), a prospective, systems-focused risk assessment methodology, was undertaken in biweekly team meetings and included mapping the chemotherapy administration process, identifying and numerically prioritizing potential errors (failure modes) for each process step, and generating remedial strategies to counteract them. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: The analysis aimed to identify chemotherapy administration failure modes and to generate remedial strategies to address them. User feedback on the FMEA process also was collected. FINDINGS: Several specific chemotherapy failure modes were identified, the majority of which had not previously been recognized, and several novel strategies to counteract them were generated. Many of the strategies were specific, environment-focused actions, which are simple, quick, and inexpensive to implement; however, more substantive, longer-term initiatives also were generated. User feedback generally was very positive, and the process of undertaking the analysis improved multidisciplinary teamwork and communication. CONCLUSIONS: Although time and resource intensive, FMEA is a useful safety improvement tool. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses should be aware of and informed about FMEA as a tool they can use in partnership with management and other disciplines to proactively and collectively improve the safety of high-risk oncology procedures such as chemotherapy administration.

Abstract This study addresses the justifications of the duration of copyright, the revenue-generating models in the music business, and the availability of digital music in Finland. The first goal was to understand how different stakeholders in the music industry relate to copyright and how they justify what they consider the optimal duration. The second goal was to map out the revenue-generating models in the music industry at a time when the consumption of music has changed from analogue to digital formats, from physical products to streaming services. The third goal was to find out the different ways in which digital music is available on the internet in Finland. The research material consists of survey research, half-structured theme interviews and documentary material. The applied research methods are theory- and material-based content analysis. The theoretical approaches utilized are the theory of justice by John Rawls, the theory of hegemony by Antonio Gramsci, the classical communication model by Roman Jakobson, and power theory by Lawrence Lessig. It uses as its interpretational theory the model of justification of copyright by Laura Leppämäki. The results state the following: The most common justification provided for the optimal duration of copyright is utilitarianism – advantage to society as a whole. The same justification is given by stakeholders who want to keep the duration as it stands, and also by those who wish to shorten it. Another common justification is to see copyright as a natural item of ownership, claimed by work, and especially as a subject of inheritance, preferably for two subsequent generations. The problems concerning the revenue-generating models in the digital world tend to focus on distribution of income on three different levels: record contracts; the distribution models of the streaming companies; and contracts between content sharing companies, record companies and rights organizations. The authors and artists have the weakest bargaining position in the negotiations. The results on availability of digital music show that digital music can be discovered via public services (music libraries), commercial services (streaming companies), and ad hoc societal services (peer-to-peer networks). The role of music libraries as a content provider has decreased since the majority of music consumption has altered to digital services. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimus käsittelee musiikin tekijänoikeuden keston perusteluja, musiikkialan ansaintalogiikoita ja digitaalisten musiikkiaineistojen saatavuutta Suomessa. Tarkoituksena oli hahmottaa, miten musiikkiteollisuuden eri osapuolet suhtautuvat tekijänoikeuteen ja miten ne perustelevat tekijänoikeuksien optimaalista kestoa. Tavoitteena oli myös kartoittaa musiikkialan ansaintalogiikat, jotka ovat muuttuneet siirryttäessä analogisesta musiikin kulutuksesta digitaaliseen musiikin kulutukseen, ennen kaikkea suoratoistopalveluihin. Kolmantena tehtävänä oli selvittää, millä tavoilla digitaalista musiikkia on saatavilla internetin välityksellä Suomessa. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu kyselytutkimuksesta, puolistrukturoiduista teemahaastatteluista sekä dokumenttiaineistosta. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin sekä teoria- että aineistolähtöistä sisällönanalyysia. Tutkimuksessa sovellettuja teorioita ovat John Rawlsin oikeudenmukaisuusteoria, Antonio Gramscin hegemoniateoria, Roman Jakobsonin klassinen kommunikaatiomalli ja Lawrence Lessigin valtateoria. Tutkimus käyttää tekijänoikeuksia koskevan tutkimuskysymyksen kohdalla tulkintateoriana Laura Leppämäen esittämää mallia oikeuksien perusteluista. Tutkimuksen tuloksena on, että sekä tekijänoikeuden nykyistä kestoa että sen lyhentämistä perustellaan ennen kaikkea utilitarismilla. Toinen keskeinen perustelukeino oli työn kautta teoksiin saatava omistusoikeus ja tämän omistusoikeuden kautta tarjoutuva mahdollisuus oikeuksien jättämiseen perintönä tekijän jälkipolville. Ansaintalogiikoiden kohdalla esiin nousi digitaalisesta myynnistä generoituvien tulojen jakamiseen liittyvät ongelmat, joita esiintyy niin musiikintekijöiden ja levy-yhtiöiden välisissä sopimuksissa, suoratoistopalvelujen sisäisissä maksumalleissa kuin internetin alustapalveluiden ja oikeudenhaltijoiden sekä heitä edustavien järjestöjen välisissä sopimuksissa. Heikoimmassa asemassa sopimuksia koskevissa neuvotteluissa ovat musiikintekijät ja artistit. Digitaalisen musiikkiaineiston saatavuuden kohdalla keskeisenä tuloksena on, että aineistoa on saatavilla julkisen palvelun eli yleisten musiikkikirjastojen, kaupallisten palveluiden eli suoratoistopalveluiden ja yhteisöllisten palveluiden eli vertaisverkkojen välityksellä. Musiikkikirjastojen rooli aineistojen tarjoajana on pienentynyt siirryttäessä analogisen musiikin kulutuksesta digitaalisen musiikin kulutukseen.

Unter dem gemeinsamen Dach „Wissensgemeinschaften“ werden nun zwei Tagungen mit sich gegenseitig ergänzenden thematischen Schwerpunkten zusammengebracht, die Lern- und Wissensprozesse im Spannungsfeld zwischen Organisation, Technologie und (Unternehmens-)Kultur verhandeln. Während die Konferenz „Gemeinschaften in neuen Medien (GeNeMe)“ organisationale und technische Perspektiven im Kontext von Virtual Enterprises, Communities & Social Networks thematisiert, liefert die zweijährlich stattfindende Konferenz „Professionelles Wissensmanagement (ProWM)“ der Fachgruppe Wissensmanagement in der Gesellschaft für Informatik (fgwm) einen breiten integrativen Überblick über die organisatorischen, kulturellen, sozialen und technischen Aspekte des Wissensmanagements.:1 Vorwort: Wissensgemeinschaften in Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft XII 2 Preface: Knowledge Communities in Busuness and Schience XVII Keynotes – eingeladene Vorträge 1 Knowledge Management – Advancements and Future Research Needs – Results from the Global Knowledge Research Network study 1 2 Leeds University Business School, Leeds, UK, 2 Beginnt die neue Arbeitswelt mit einer Abwesenheitsnotiz? 13 Hochschuldidaktik 2.0 1 Vernetztes Lernen an der Hochschule? Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen eines cMOOS 17 2 Smart communities in virtual reality. A comparison of design approaches for academic education 25 3 Flipped Classroom in der Hochschullehre der TU Dresden – Ein Work in Progress-Bericht 39 4 Konzepte für den Einsatz von E-Tutoren in komplexen E-Learning-Szenarien – Ein Erfahrungsbericht 45 Wissensmanagement I 1 Barrieren im interorganisationalen Wissensaustausch auf individueller Ebene – Ordnungsrahmen und Analysemethoden 55 2 GIS-based sales support by company knowledge reuse in the telecommunications sector 67 3 Praktische Entwicklung einer wissensorientierten Unternehmenskultur. Entwurf einer Zertifizierungsmethode 75 4 Supporting Knowledge Management Instruments with Composable Micro-Services 81 Communities 1 MeetingMirror – Unterstützung von Wissenschaftler-Communities auf Konferenzen 91 2 The SIFA community as a virtual learning space in OSH 101 3 Reflexion, Begleitung, Austausch – Die Online-Plattform StudentBodies-AN zur Prävention von Magersucht 107 Technologien, Methoden, Systeme 1 Gamification in der Hochschullehre. Herleitung von Handlungsempfehlungen für den Einsatz von Gamedesign-Elementen in der sächsischen Lernplattform OPAL 115 2 Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Nützlichkeit. Usability und wahrgenommener Nutzen digitaler Lernangebote S. 125 3 Barrierefreiheit im MOOC 135 4 Strukturierte Wikis – Konzept und Anwendungsbeispiel 141 Feedback, Austausch, Ideenfindung 1 Idea-Space: A Use Case of Collaborative Course Development in Higher Education 149 2 Onlinegestützte Audience Response Systeme: Förderung der kognitiven Aktivierung in Vorlesungen und Eröffnung neuer Evaluationsperspektiven 157 3 Mobiles Feedback – Praxisbericht zur Integration eines Audience Response Systems in eine Lehrveranstaltung als Instrument der Lehrevaluation 67 4 Jazz in der Stadt und Rock auf der Autobahn - von der kollaborativen zur kollaborativ-kontextorientierten Musikempfehlung 173 Education 1 Wissens- und Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement durch Kooperationen in Weiterbildungsprojekten 185 2 Lernen aus Erfahrung – vom agilen zum verteilten Präsenzteam 193 3 Development of an E-Learning instructional model for vocational training in Indonesia 203 4 A Survey of Teachers’ Media Literacy in Chinese Vocational Schools 209 Prozess 1 Welche Use Cases eignen sich für die Umsetzung in einem Enterprise Social Network? Eine Fallstudie bei der N-ERGIE Aktiengesellschaft 225 2 Kontextbezogene, workflowbasierte Assessmentverfahren auf der Grundlage semantischer Wissensbasen 237 3 Collaborative Knowledge Acquisition and Explorationin Technology Search 243 Wissensmanagement II 1 Assessing Informal Social Learning at the Workplace – A Revalidation Case from Healthcare 251 2 Wie Barrieren im Wissenstransfer überwunden werden können – Ergebnisse einer Studie zur Grundhaltung des Misstrauens oder Vertrauens 267 3 Integration von Topic Models und Netzwerkanalyse bei der Bestimmung des Kundenwertes 277 4 Wissensmanagement im Kontext öffentlich-rechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen: Praktische Erfahrungen aus einem Wasserverband 285 Adress- und Autorenverzeichnis 293