Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-03T21:22:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Juliana Melcop de Castro Schor.pdf: 1474562 bytes, checksum: 11ddbe294bf3060d596bd9689dcdfa67 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-09T19:15:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Juliana Melcop de Castro Schor.pdf: 1474562 bytes, checksum: 11ddbe294bf3060d596bd9689dcdfa67 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T19:15:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Juliana Melcop de Castro Schor.pdf: 1474562 bytes, checksum: 11ddbe294bf3060d596bd9689dcdfa67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-06 / CAPES / A indústria da eletricidade no Brasil não foi completamente desverticalizada, mantendo-se a conjugação das atividades de distribuição e comercialização de energia aos pequenos consumidores como monopólio dos agentes de distribuição. A existência de arcabouço legal que admite a reforma do setor elétrico nacional indica a relevância do estudo sobre as possibilidades de criação do mercado varejista de eletricidade, com a aplicação do modelo de retail wheeling, para que todos os consumidores possam escolher seus fornecedores de energia, em ambiente de contratação livre. Reformas desregulatórias nesse sentido ocorreram em diversos países, com bons resultados, consistindo em modelo regulatório que reflete melhor as necessidades dos usuários e incrementa a eficiência e a qualidade dos serviços. Apesar da existência de estudos que questionam alguns dos efeitos benéficos da criação de mercado varejista de energia elétrica, a evolução natural e necessária do setor elétrico passa pela abertura do mercado a todos. Assim, as críticas devem ser analisadas, mas não de modo a impedir a aplicação do retail wheeling, e sim ao seu aprimoramento. A instituição de novo modelo regulatório, no país, mediante a criação de mercado varejista, deve se espelhar na prática internacional, em especial no exemplo do Reino Unido, uma vez que o atual modelo brasileiro consiste em adaptação do modelo reformista britânico. Ademais, convém estudar os equívocos observados na crise energética californiana da década de 2000, a fim de evitar sua reprodução em futura regulação nacional. Recentemente, o Brasil apresentou modificações legais e regulatórias que indicam a tendência pela instituição de mercado varejista no setor elétrico. Dentre outros aspectos, pode-se citar a disciplina da figura do comercializador varejista, nos Procedimentos de Comercialização aprovados pela ANEEL, a proposta do Projeto de Lei nº 1.917/2015, que prevê a abertura de mercado a todos os consumidores de eletricidade, e o posicionamento da área técnica da ANEEL a favor da expansão do mercado livre. / The electricity industry in Brazil was not completely unbundled. It has maintened the vertical integration at the retail level, with the lack of a retail market. Retail supply still is dominated by utilities operators. The existence of legal possibility of national regulatory reform shows the relevance of the study about the institution of electricity retail market and all of its possibilities. It means the usage of retail wheeling on Brazil, allowing all users to choose their suppliers, in a free market. Deregulatory reforms at this level have already occured in a large number of countries, showing good results. It is a regulatory model that reflects better the users needs and increases service’s efficiency and quality. Although some studies contest the beneficial effects of the institution of a electricity retail market, the natural and necessary evolution of electric sector follows the completely opening of markets. All critics must be analyzed, with the aim to improve the model, not to prevent its application. The institution of a new regulatory model in Brasil, by the creation of a electricity retail market, must consider international practices, specially United Kingdom example. The british model was adapted and implemented in Brazil as its current regulatory model. It is relevant also to study the mistakes observed at California’s energetic crisis on the 2000’s, in order to prevent its reproduction in future national regulation. Recently, Brazil has presented legal and regulatory modifications that indicate the tendecy of a retail market institution. Among other aspects, it has been disciplined the role of retail suppliers, by the national regulation authority (ANEEL), a law proposition (Lei nº 1.917/2015) which intents to open the electricity market to all users and the technical positioning of ANEEL, favorable to the implementation of a retail market.

This study analyses the practice implemented by the government of Mozambique immediately after independence, from 1975 to 1985, of placing secondary school teachers around the country. Such practice consisted of putting teachers born in the south of the country to teach either in the central, or in the northern region, on the one hand; on the another, those who were born in the centre of the country were being placed to work or in the south, or in the north; and those born in the north were being sent to teach in the central or southern part of the country. The government’s arguments in so doing were to mould a nation. The study explores whether this practices was a deliberate policy. The presupposition that it may have been a formal policy comes from the fact that during the struggle for the liberation of Mozambique, the then movement leading the war, Frelimo, had as its guiding principle to ‘kill the tribe for the nation to be born’; so people from different regions of the country were compelled to work closely together in every activity of the movement. The theoretical framework includes a discussion of the concepts of ‘ethnic group’, ‘nation’, ‘nationalism’ and ‘nation-state’. Throughout the literature review, the way nations have been historically constituted worldwide, the way African leaders tried to build their nations, the philosophy behind the idea of ‘nation-states’ they developed are discussed at length. Given that education has been considered as a key pillar to achieve this specific end, the contribution of this sector to the processes of building a nation is brought to the fore. The study is a qualitative analysis and exploratory in essence. Fifty persons – including high ranking officials and teachers – who designed and implemented or were involved in the practice, were interviewed as the main foundation of the research. The outcomes of the analysis as well as the analogy itself are multidisciplinary. It concludes that the practice was not a policy in the classical meaning, that is a core of written principles and practices approved by a competent social institution and followed in a certain community, it existed only in speeches. Secondly, that in fact the practice contributed to the nation building process, people involved in it gained awareness of the vastness and ethnic diversity of the country. Finally, it reveals that de facto the policy had unintended interpretations. Given that the majority of the people sent throughout the country were southerners – something which the headmasters of the practice apparently were not aware of –, the unbalance of educated cadres that began during the colonial period were simply perpetuated and not critically addressed. As a result, “Southern dominance” in the administration of the country (in this instance the education system) provided the basis for dissatisfaction in other areas of the country. The study agrees with Connor (1990) that nation-building is a process, and concludes that Mozambique is on the road to nation formation, to which the practice contributed to a considerable degree. / Dissertation (M (Social Science in Sociology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Sociology / unrestricted