Ce travail à pour but de déterminer le mode d’acquisition des ressources carnées par les groupes d’hominidés au cours du Paléolithique inférieur en Europe. La présence du genre Homo en Europe, antérieur à l’épisode paléomagnétique de Jaramillo est attestée dans plusieurs sites archéologiques. Cette dispersion hors d’Afrique est signalée par des industries lithiques appartenant à l’horizon culturel du Préoldowayen et par des restes squelettiques affiliés au genre Homo. Cette étude est axée sur l’analyse taphonomique et archéozoologique, de trois assemblages fauniques associés à une industrie du mode 1 (Barranco León, Fuente Nueva 3, la grotte du Vallonnet) et un assemblage associé à une industrie du mode 2 (la Caune de l’Arago). Les analyses permettent de comprendre les processus de formation de ces assemblages en contexte de plein air et en grotte et d’estimer la part des agents qui sont intervenus. L’implication des Hommes est attestée dans la modification des carcasses de grands mammifères. Des ossements présentent des stries, qui impliquent que les éclats étaient bien utilisés pour prélever la chair et une fracturation caractéristique, liée à l’éclatement des os par les outils aménagés. L’analyse des assemblages osseux révèle une variabilité des systèmes d’approvisionnement en matière carnée. La comparaison de ces accumulations formées en grotte et en plein air, apportent une meilleure compréhension des comportements de subsistances et permet de proposer un aperçu de la variabilité et de la chronologie des comportements alimentaires des Hommes en Europe méridionale pendant le Pléistocène inférieur et moyen. / The purpose of this work is determinated the mode of acquisition of the meat-based resources by the groups of hominids during the lower Palaeolithic in Europe. The presence of the genus Homo in Europe previous to the paleomagnetic Jaramillo event, is attested in several archeological sites. This dispersal outside Africa is indicated by litic industry belonging to the cultural horizon of Préoldowayen and by human fossils affiliated to genus Homo. This study is centred on taphonomical and zooarcheological analysis, of three faunal assemblages associated with a mode 1 industry (Barranco León, Fuente Nueva 3, the Vallonnet cave) and an assemblage associated with a mode 2 industry (Caune de l' Arago). Analyses allow to understand the processes formation of these assemblages in open air site and in cave, and to estimate the part of the agents who intervened. The implication of human is attested in the modification of the carcasses of big mammals. Bones present cutmarks which imply that flakes were used to discard flesh and a characteristic fracturation connected to the percussion of bones by stones tools. The analysis of the bones assemblages reveals a variability of the systems of supply in meat-based subject. The comparison of theses accumulations, bring a better understanding of the subsistences behavior and allows to propose an outline of the variability and the chronology of the eating habits of the Paleolitic People in Southern Europe during Lower and Middle Pleistocene.

<p>Rusoove i Marksove refleksije o vlasni&scaron;tvu nisu jednoznačne, mnogostruki su problemi koje filozofsko mi&scaron;ljenje ovog pojma otvara. Usredsređenje ovog teksta je na konceptualizaciji vlasni&scaron;tva u konjunkciji sa problemima individualizma, idejom jednakosti, problematizacijom luksuza, analizom načina proizvodnje, fenomenom otuđenja i diferenciranjem različitih formi privatnog i kolektivnog vlasni&scaron;tva. Rad je nastojao da pokaže bitna mesta presecanja i približavanja Rusoovih i Marksovih promi&scaron;ljanja problema vlasni&scaron;tva, ali i njihova udaljavanja. Analiza je kao strukturalni okvir za promi&scaron;ljanje problema vlasni&scaron;tva postavila istorijsko razlikovanje agrarno-kapitalističkog, apsolutističkog i industrijsko-kapitalističkog horizonta, spram kojih je moguće pokazati za&scaron;to su se i Rusoova i Marksova tematizacija vlasni&scaron;tva pojavile kao radikalno kritičke. Ipak, Rusoova konceptualizacija vlasni&scaron;tva se provodi iz ravni kritike nejednakosti, &scaron;to čini i njeno ograničenje s obzirom na povezivanje ideje jednakosti sa stale&scaron;kim sistemom dominacije i potčinjavanja, dok se Marksova analiza problema vlasni&scaron;tva provodi iz ravni kritike političke ekonomije, čime je omogućena klasna analiza i radikalna kritika postojećeg klasnog dru&scaron;tvenog raslojavanja.</p>

"Mémoire présenté à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade LL.M. en droit des technologies de l'information" / Le présent mémoire de maîtrise a pour objet l'analyse du droit international des marques de commerce et du droit de certains pays industrialisés en comparaison avec la législation canadienne sur les marques de commerce. Il traite également des modifications qu'il serait nécessaire d'apporter à la loi canadienne en vue de l'adoption du Protocole de Madrid, du Traité sur le droit des marques et de l'Arrangement de Nice, et de la mise en application de la Recommandation commune sur les marques notoires. Le Canada devrait aussi modifier certaines dispositions de la loi sur les marques de commerce pour la rendre plus conforme à l'Accord sur les ADPICs et à la Convention de Paris. Compte tenu des lacunes du droit international en ce qui a trait à l'utilisation de la marque, le mémoire analyse et critique cette notion en droit canadien et la compare aux tendances actuelles qui ont cours aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni. / The purpose of this thesis is to compare the Canadian legislation in trade-marks law with international trade-marks law and the law of sorne industrialized countries. It is also suggested that the implementation of the Madrid Protocol, of the Trademark Law Treaty, of the Nice Arrangement and of the Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions on the Protection of Well-Known Marks would necessitate some amendments to the Canadian Trade-Marks Act. Moreover, some sections of the Canadian Trade-Marks Act should be amended so as to comply with the TRIPs Agreement and with the Paris Convention. U.S. and UK. approaches regarding the use of a trade-mark are also analysed, since international law does not appear to have fully addressed this issue.

Dentre os fatores etiológicos das Disfunções Temporomandibulares (DTMs) merecem destaque os hábitos parafuncionais, que muitas vezes são responsáveis pela manutenção da dor, perda de estrutura dental, como as facetas de desgaste, abfrações e por alterações na mucosa jugal e língua. Uma das terapêuticas mais utilizadas para o tratamento da DTM, está relacionada ao uso da placa estabilizadora oclusal (PEO). Apesar de seu uso ser estudado em vários artigos, não são encontrados relatos sobre as marcas encontradas nesse dispositivo devido ao atrito sofrido pelos dentes tampouco quais são os parâmetros e variáveis que poderiam estar relacionados à estas marcas. O presente estudo procurou reproduzir as marcas observadas na PEO, em 36 corpos de prova de resina acrílica ativada quimicamente, em ambiente controlado e analisou os parâmetros e variáveis para avaliação entre marcas fracas e fortes. Para reprodução das marcas nas amostras, foram utilizadas esferas de aço com diâmetros de 3 mm, 4 mm e 5 mm. Para cada diâmetro de esfera foram utilizados os seguintes parâmetros: carga de 2 kgf e 65 kgf e ciclos de repetições de 600 e 1200 vezes. As amostras foram randomizadas com números aleatórios e estabelecido padrão entre marcas fracas e fortes para cada diâmetro de esfera, com apenas uma amostra de cada triplicata. Na sequência, 3 observadores cegos fizeram suas classificações para correlação do padrão. Para correlação do padrão vs. observadores e observadores entre observadores, foi realizado o teste kappa de Fleiss. Foram obtidos níveis excelentes em todos os testes, quando não havia mistura de diâmetro de esfera, e nível razoável quando os observadores avaliaram as amostras com os diâmetros de esferas misturados. Relacionado aos resultados, as variáveis consideradas foram, diâmetro da calota impressa e profundidade calculada da calota com a fórmula da dureza Brinell. As variáveis, dureza e diâmetro de calota impressa, não demostraram robustez para estabelecer critério na avalição entre marca forte e fraca. Já a variável \"profundidade calculada de calota\" demostrou que ao passo que aumentava a profundidade calculada da calota, a marca tinha maior tendência a ser classificada como forte. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que o parâmetro carga foi o fator de maior relevância na classificação entre as marcas fracas e fortes. A variável profundidade calculada da calota mostrou relevância na classificação das marcas fortes e fracas e os diâmetros de esferas diferentes, com mesma carga e quantidade de ciclos geraram marcas diferentes. / Among the etiological factors of TMDs is the parafunctional habits, which are often responsible for the loss of dental structure, such as the wear facets and abfraction and changes in the oral mucosa, such as cheeks and tongue. One of the most used therapies for the treatment of TMD is related to the use of the occlusal splint (OS). Although its use is reported in several articles, no reports are found on the marks found in this device due to the friction suffered by the teeth, nor are the parameters and variables that are related to these marks. The present study reproduced the observed marks in the OS in 36 chemically activated acrylic resin samples in a controlled environment and analyzed the parameters and variables for evaluation between weak and strong marks. For the reproduction of the marks in the samples, stainless steel sphere with different diameters of 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm were used. For each sphere diameter the following parameters were used: load of 2 kgf and 65 kgf and repetition cycles of 600 and 1200 times. Samples were randomized with random numbers and established pattern between weak and strong marks for each sphere diameter, with only one sample from each triplicate. Subsequently, 3 observers made their classifications for pattern correlation. For correlation of the Standard vs. Observers and Between Observers, the Fleiss kappa test was performed. Excellent levels were obtained in all tests, when there was no sphere diameter crossing, and fair level when observers evaluated the samples with the sphere diameters crossed. Regarding the results, the variables considered were Brinell hardness, diameter of the printed cap and depth of the cap. The variables, hardness and diameter of printed cap, did not demonstrate the robustness to establish standard in the evaluation between weak and Strong marks. The variable depth of printed cap proves that while the depth of the printed cap increased, the mark had a more tendency to be classified as strong. In this way, we can conclude that the load parameter is the factor of greater relevance in the classification between the weak and strong marks. The variable depth of the printed cap demonstrated relevance in the classification of the weak and strong marks, and finally the diameters of different spheres with the same load and number of cycles created different marks.

No description available.

A proposta deste trabalho é a tradução para o português do romance Les Fleurs bleues, de Raymond Queneau. Trata-se de um romance que oferece resistência à tradução em função do trabalho do autor sobre a língua francesa. Para chegar ao objetivo proposto procedemos a uma historicização da obra de Queneau, de modo a compreendermos seu projeto de inclusão da língua falada na literatura e em todos os campos do conhecimento. A escrita de Queneau é caracterizada por seu estilo impregnado de humor e repleto de elementos de oralidade, em que o significante ganha autonomia: jogos de palavras, trocadilhos, provérbios, rimas, aliterações, o autor lança mão de todos os recursos para sublinhar, com humor, a crise do signo. Procuramos analisar os procedimentos adotados por Queneau e o modo como se manifesta sua escrita em Les Fleurs bleues visando ao estabelecimento de parâmetros que possibilitassem oferecer ao leitor brasileiro uma tradução que lhe permitisse, apesar dos diferentes contextos linguísticos e culturais, uma leitura prazerosa em que ele tenha acesso ao texto de Queneau e acompanhar a narrativa, conservando o jogo de significantes e o humor. Levantamos marcas de oralidade presentes nos sistemas linguísticos francês e português, para chegarmos, finalmente à realização do trabalho tradutório, do qual comentamos as manifestações de oralidade no original e as soluções adotadas para sua restituição em português. / The purpose of this work is the Portuguese translation of the novel Les Fleurs bleues, by Raymond Queneau. It is a novel that offers resistance to translation as a function of author\'s work on the French language. To reach the proposed goal, we proceeded to a historicizing of Queneau\'s production, in order to understand his project for inclusion of the spoken language in literature and in all fields of knowledge. Queneau\'s writing is characterized by his style imbued with humor and filled with elements of orality, where significant gains autonomy: wordplay, puns, proverbs, rhymes, alliterations, the author uses all resources to emphasize with humor, the \"crisis of the sign.\" We have analyzed the procedures adopted by Queneau and how his writing manifests in Les Fleurs bleues in order to establish parameters that offers to Brazilian readers a translation that would enables him, despite the different linguistic and cultural contexts, to have an enjoyable read and to access the text of Queneau and follow the narrative, keeping the work of signifiers and the humor. We studied the marks of orality present in French and Portuguese language systems, to arrive finally to perform the work of translation, which we commented on the manifestations of orality in the original and the adopted solutions for restitution in Portuguese.

En Gaule méridionale la pratique des têtes coupées, décrite par la littérature antique, est attestée par les vestiges lapidaires et les restes humains mis au jour depuis plus d’un siècle. Des données inédites sur cette coutume ont été acquises suite à la découverte au Cailar (Gard, France), à partir de 2003, d’un ensemble de crânes humains fragmentés, d’armement manipulé et de plusieurs dizaines de monnaies, dispersés dans les phases de remblaiement d’une place publique entre la fin du IVe et la fin du IIIe s av. n. è. Cette dernière appartient à une agglomération fortifiée fondée dès le VIe s. av. n. è. Les fragments de crânes trouvés sur ce site constituent le sujet de cette étude. Ces os forment un corpus assez différent des restes généralement associés aux têtes coupées : ils sont nombreux, très fragmentés et largement mélangés et dispersés dans les couches. Pour comprendre les évènements qui ont conduit à la création d’un tel assemblage, il a été nécessaire de mettre en place des outils adaptés à leur étude. Après une remise en contexte archéologique régionale et locale, ce travail se propose de présenter les méthodes de l’archéothanatologie adaptées à l’étude de ce type d’ossements (quantification, modification osseuses). Dans un deuxième temps, sont détaillés l’outil d’enregistrement créé pour optimiser l’étude (base de données/géodatabase, SIG), et les méthodes d’analyses spatiales retenues pour étudier non seulement les traces et les fractures des pièces osseuses, mais aussi leur répartition sur le terrain. Les résultats obtenus sont multiples : données quantitatives et taphonomiques précises sur l’assemblage, proposition d’une méthode inédite pour l’analyse de la découpe et de la fragmentation sur des crânes humains fragmentés, analyse poussée de la répartition spatiale dans les trois dimensions. Tous ces éléments permettent de proposer des hypothèses solides quant à la chaîne opératoire qui concerne les têtes coupées : mode de récupération, traitement, rejet, mise en place du dépôt. Ce travail permet également de suggérer des pistes à approfondir ou à abandonner dans les méthodes usuelles d’analyses des grands ensembles fragmentés et dispersés. / Once only known from Classical accounts, the practice of collecting and curating human heads by certain Iron Age groups in southern France has, for more than a century now, been evinced by materials including stone carvings and human remains. In particular, new evidence has been brought to light at the site of Le Cailar (Gard), a fortified site occupied from the end of the 6th century BCE. Specially, excavations carried out since 2003 have revealed an extensive deposit accumulated from the end of the 4th until the end of the 3rd century BCE, comprising fragmented human crania, purposefully deformed armaments, and many dozens of coins scattered across a public plaza, beneath a thick layer of rubble. The human cranial fragments discovered on this plaza are the subject of this study. These bones form a corpus quite different from the remains generally associated with severed heads: they are numerous, very fragmented, and largely mixed and dispersed in the levels. In order to understand the events that led to the creation of the assemblage, it has been necessary to adapt tools to this study. After putting the site into its local and regional context, this work proposes to present bioarchaeological methods adapted to the study of these types of bone (especially, quantification and modification of the bone). In a second time, the recording tool created to optimize the study is presented (database / geodatabase, GIS), then the spatial analysis methods used to study, not only the traces and the fractures of the parts bones, but also their distribution on the field. There are a lot of results: precise quantitative and taphonomic data about the assemblage, proposition of new method to study cut marks and fracturing, a hitherto unparalleled understanding of the process of how crania were distributed across the site (this last measured in three dimensions). All these elements permit to propose solid hypotheses regarding the process by which these heads were produced: the means of recuperation, treatment, disposal, and deposition. This work also suggests which avenues of research will or won't be useful to pursue in future projects of a similar nature.

Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T14:27:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - TATIANA CRUZ GARCIA.pdf: 9867593 bytes, checksum: 1dd3854a5ba615c6985bfc64c83eb315 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T14:32:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - TATIANA CRUZ GARCIA.pdf: 9867593 bytes, checksum: 1dd3854a5ba615c6985bfc64c83eb315 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T14:34:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - TATIANA CRUZ GARCIA.pdf: 9867593 bytes, checksum: 1dd3854a5ba615c6985bfc64c83eb315 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-09T14:34:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - TATIANA CRUZ GARCIA.pdf: 9867593 bytes, checksum: 1dd3854a5ba615c6985bfc64c83eb315 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-21 / This study aims to investigate how public perception between 60 and 75 years on the old age can impact the consumption and the profile of the marks non-durable consumer goods, including goods openly addressed to this age group. The topics covered in the theoretical review are related to old age, aging, losses and gains in this process, construction of the identity of the old, denial of old age, the role of media in process and active aging. For the development of the researches, a qualitative method was used with in-depth exploratory interviews with people between the ages of 60 and 75, residents of the city of São Paulo, class AB and independent from the point of view of mobility. The interviews were divided into five major blocks: (1) perception on aging, old age and its impact on relations with society, family and in the personal sphere; (2) perception about the terms used by society to describe people over 60; (3) relationship with brands in general; (4) relationship with brands openly targeted at people over 60; (5) projection of old age. At the end of the study it was possible to map a great opportunity in the development of products, especially in the food segment, which the specific functional needs of the elderly, such as food with low sodium content, more calcium, no lactose, more collagen and so on. But the hypothesis, which can be further explored in future studies, is that this opportunity should be approached, apparently, in a subtle and almost silent way. The communication should be conducted with the aim of ensuring the impact of the target audience by means of a channel segmentation strategy, without giving much prominence to generational issues in the message, avoiding the citation of terms and signs that age. / Este estudo tem como objetivo central investigar como a percepção do público entre 60 e 75 anos sobre a velhice pode impactar no consumo e no perfil das marcas de bens de consumo não duráveis, incluindo aquelas que possuem produtos direcionados abertamente a essa faixa etária. Os temas abordados na revisão teórica estão relacionados a velhice, envelhecimento, perdas e ganhos nesse processo, construção da identidade do velho, negação da velhice, o papel das mídias na construção desse processo e o envelhecimento ativo. Para o desenvolvimento das pesquisas, foi utilizado método qualitativo com entrevistas exploratórias em profundidade com pessoas entre 60 e 75 anos, residentes na cidade de São Paulo, classe AB e independentes do ponto de vista de mobilidade. As entrevistas foram dividias em cinco grandes blocos: (1) percepção sobre o envelhecimento, a velhice e seu impacto nas relações com a sociedade, família e no âmbito pessoal; (2) percepção sobre os termos usados pela sociedade para descrever pessoas com mais de 60 anos; (3) relação com as marcas em geral; (4) relação com as marcas abertamente direcionadas a pessoas com mais de 60 anos; (5) projeção da velhice. Ao final do estudo foi possível mapear uma grande oportunidade no desenvolvimento de produtos, principalmente no segmento de alimentos, que atendam às necessidades funcionais específicas da terceira idade, como alimentos com baixo teor de sódio, mais cálcio, sem lactose, mais colágeno etc. Mas a hipótese, que poderá ser aprofundada em estudos futuros, é que essa oportunidade deve ser abordada, aparentemente, de forma sutil e quase silenciosa. A estratégia de comunicação deve ser conduzida com o objetivo de garantir o impacto do público-alvo por meio de uma estratégia de segmentação de canais, sem dar tanto destaque a questões geracionais na mensagem, evitando a citação de termos e signos que reforcem a idade.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:46:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSE ALVES SANTOS.pdf: 1232940 bytes, checksum: 77192de71f53814cec722c0bea8dfb8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-30 / This thesis presents a study on the Kingdom of God in the light of the Gospel of Mark. Begins, with a contextualization of the political, socio-cultural and economic history of Palestine (first century AD), place and context in which Mark wrote his Gospel, in which there is an account of the situation of the recipients of the message of the Kingdom. The Evangelist heads towards all people, especially those living in Palestine and its, surroundings and facing difficult moments of persecution by the Roman Empire and the current religious power. Then approaches the specific theme of the Kingdom of God engendered by Mark from the axis expression that is used in this paper: After John was arrested, came to Galilee proclaiming the gospel of God, saying, The time is fulfilled and the kingdom of God is near. Repent and believe the gospel (Mark 1:14-15). Emphasizes the dynamic character of the proposal from Kingdom in defense of life in all its dimensions expands to a current a reflection, life threatened by climate change / Esta tese contém um estudo sobre o Reino de Deus à luz do Evangelho de Marcos. Ela se inicia com uma contextualização da história política, sociocultural e econômica da Palestina (século I d.C.), lugar e contexto onde Marcos escreveu seu Evangelho, no qual há o relato da situação dos destinatários da mensagem do Reino. O Evangelista se dirige a todos os povos, principalmente àqueles que viviam na Palestina e nos seus arredores, e enfrentavam momentos difíceis de perseguições por parte do Império Romano e do poder religioso vigente. Em seguida, aborda a temática específica sobre o Reino de Deus engendrado por Marcos a partir da expressão-eixo que é utilizada nesse trabalho: Depois que João foi preso, veio para a Galileia proclamando o Evangelho de Deus, dizendo: O tempo está cumprido e o Reino de Deus está próximo. Convertei-vos e crede no Evangelho (Mc 1,14-15). Enfatizando-se o caráter dinâmico da proposta do Reino em defesa da vida em todas as suas dimensões, amplia-se a uma reflexão atual, a vida ameaçada pelas mudanças climáticas.

Esta tese reflete sobre as inquietações decorrentes da entrada e da presença, no ensino superior, de estudantes indígenas Tenetehara/Guajajara, povo Tupi-Guarani localizado na Amazônia Oriental no estado do Maranhão. É pela via etnográfica que este trabalho se constitui, através da observação participante, conversas informais e entrevistas, documentos, leis, portarias e resoluções referentes ao ensino superior para indígenas. A tese analisa duas experiências vivenciadas pelos índios: a primeira, na Universidade Federal do Maranhão(UFMA), e a segunda vivenciada no curso de Licenciatura Intercultural para Professores Indígenas da Educação Básica pela Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA). A partir dessas experiências, reflexões sobre indianidade, guerra, cultura com aspas são realizadas no presente trabalho. / This thesis reflects on the concerns about the entrance and presence in higher education of Tenetehara / Guajajara indigenous students, Tupi-Guarani people located in the Eastern Amazon in the state of Maranhão. It is through the ethnographic way that this work constitutes, through participant observation, informal conversations and interviews, documents, laws, ordinances and resolutions concerning higher education for indigenous people. The thesis analyzes two experiences lived by the Indians: the first, at the Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), and the second one experienced in the Intercultural Licentiate course for Indigenous Teachers of Basic Education by the State University of Maranhão (UEMA). From these experiences, reflections on indianity, war, culture with quotation marks are carried out in the present work.