La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo monitorear de qué manera se relaciona el establecimiento de Unidades Centinelas Larvarias (UCL) en los escenarios tipo II con la vigilancia y control de Aedes aegypti. En tal sentido se instaló un total de dos (02) UCL distribuidas equitativamente en las localidades de Villa Alejandro y Martha Milagros Baja, dichas UCL fueron Carpas de Lino-Modelo Árabe cuya estructura especifica fue de Lino Pesado de Policioruro de Vinilo tipo PVC-S de medidas ancho: 2 m x largo: 2 m x alto: 2 m, en su interior se dispuso nueve recipientes con agua (barril sansón, balde, tina, cilindro, botella de plástico, lata, florero, depósito de barro y llanta), adicionalmente se midió a diario parámetros físicos tales como, temperatura ambiental, temperatura del agua, cloro residual y pH. Durante abril, mayo y junio del 2014 las UCL registraron un total de 30 larvas de Aedes aegypti en la localidad de Martha Milagros Baja y ninguna en la localidad de Villa Alejandro, demostrando que en un radio primario de 100 m y un radio secundario de 400 m se puede detectar la presencia y/o ausencia del vector Aedes aegypti. El monitoreo también reconoció la preferencia de recipientes tipo “cilindro y llanta” elegidos por la hembra grávida para ovipostura y posterior criadero de larvas, aunque las localidades de Martha Milagros Baja y Villa Alejandro no se encuentran alejadas geográficamente, presentan ecosistemas totalmente diferentes debido a que las temperaturas ambientales registradas en Martha Milagros Baja exceden en 8.6°C (en la máxima) a la localidad de Villa Alejandro, esta característica puede estar vinculada a la poca altitud de la zona y a la mínima circulación de vientos que solo concentran aún más el calor.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo monitorear de qué manera se relaciona el establecimiento de Unidades Centinelas Larvarias (UCL) en los escenarios tipo II con la vigilancia y control de Aedes aegypti. En tal sentido se instaló un total de dos (02) UCL distribuidas equitativamente en las localidades de Villa Alejandro y Martha Milagros Baja, dichas UCL fueron Carpas de Lino-Modelo Árabe cuya estructura especifica fue de Lino Pesado de Policioruro de Vinilo tipo PVC-S de medidas ancho: 2 m x largo: 2 m x alto: 2 m, en su interior se dispuso nueve recipientes con agua (barril sansón, balde, tina, cilindro, botella de plástico, lata, florero, depósito de barro y llanta), adicionalmente se midió a diario parámetros físicos tales como, temperatura ambiental, temperatura del agua, cloro residual y pH. Durante abril, mayo y junio del 2014 las UCL registraron un total de 30 larvas de Aedes aegypti en la localidad de Martha Milagros Baja y ninguna en la localidad de Villa Alejandro, demostrando que en un radio primario de 100 m y un radio secundario de 400 m se puede detectar la presencia y/o ausencia del vector Aedes aegypti. El monitoreo también reconoció la preferencia de recipientes tipo “cilindro y llanta” elegidos por la hembra grávida para ovipostura y posterior criadero de larvas, aunque las localidades de Martha Milagros Baja y Villa Alejandro no se encuentran alejadas geográficamente, presentan ecosistemas totalmente diferentes debido a que las temperaturas ambientales registradas en Martha Milagros Baja exceden en 8.6°C (en la máxima) a la localidad de Villa Alejandro, esta característica puede estar vinculada a la poca altitud de la zona y a la mínima circulación de vientos que solo concentran aún más el calor.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Amartya Sen y Martha Nussbaum son dos de los principales teóricos que le dieron origen a la propuesta del desarrollo humano, también entendido como el enfoque de las capacidades y ampliación de libertades. Sus presupuestos filosóficos se han ido acentuando con el tiempo, siendo los más destacados aquellos que hacen referencia a la teoría aristotélica acerca del buen vivir. Desde esta perspectiva, el desarrollo de las capacidades del ser humano tiene por fin último la εὐδαιμονία, entendida como el florecimiento humano o la felicidad. Desde el enfoque, se propone que los individuos tengan acceso a las oportunidades básicas que le permitan tener libertad de elección para optar por el tipo de vida que tiene razones para valorar. En este sentido, la democracia y la deliberación pública cobran un rol fundamental para alcanzar los fines del desarrollo humano, en el marco de la ampliación de la libertad política. El principal objetivo de esta tesis reside, en este sentido, en una ampliación de la línea de investigación del enfoque de desarrollo humano en relación a la democracia y la deliberación pública. Para ello, en el desarrollo de esta investigación también se hará una fundamental referencia a las investigaciones de Iris Marion Young, quien por su parte, realiza una propuesta más inclusiva de la democracia. / Tesis

The central aim of the thesis is to define the approach of EU development policy towards Africa since the end of the Cold War. It focuses on the unexplored areas of the available literature on the subject, specifically the impact of EU development policy on the domain of international development and the objective of the EU to become a prominent international actor. The thesis relies on Martha Finnemore’s Social Constructivist research. It concentrates on the dynamics maintained by the EU with the normative basis that characterises the structure and agents of international development, and assesses how it affected EU behaviour, as expressed through its development policy towards Africa in the considered timeframe.1 By doing so, the thesis exposes both the marked effect of EU development policy in the domain of international development, and the form of ‘paradise’ (model of development) the EU promoted in Africa. The empirical support in the thesis is comprised of archived data, official documents, press releases, published reports, speeches, and personally conducted interviews. Following the method of research, the thesis focuses on tracing the norms that characterise EU development policy towards Africa over time. Therein, the thesis largely confirms the identified agents as the source of the norms that define the structure of international development, and the EU as its derivative. It argues that EU development policy is currently a general projection of the normative structure of international development, specifically regarding the policy orientation of its identified agents. As a result, it contends that the EU fell short of its efforts to export its form of ‘paradise’ to Africa in the proposed timeframe as a corollary of its limitations to stand as a distinct and leading actor in the domain of international development. Thus, the thesis makes a fresh contribution to the understanding of EU development policy towards Africa and the objective of the EU to become a prominent international actor in the twenty-first century.

The ‘’capability approach’’, developed by the Indian economist Amartya Sen, has been widely used in the field of development and has contributed a perception of development that is different from the traditional understanding of it. Despite this, the theory has received a great amount of feminist critique and it has been concluded that the field lacks empirical data on how women in developing countries can be fully understood from the approach of Sen. This field study aims at filling this gap of empirical data as well as to examine how well Sen’s approach can contribute to the understanding of women in a developing context. Responses such as the one of Martha Nussbaum and other feminist critique of Sen is examined using a field study on poor women conducted in the state of Karnataka, India. The collection of data has been conducted through interviews with urban poor women as well as with women working with women empowerment at a local organization. Participant observation in the field has been complementary to the interviews. This study reveals that Sen’s capability approach is incomplete to some extent in order to understand the situation of women in a developing context. This lack of understanding is further completed with Nussbaum’s work. Finally, the modern feminist critique against both Sen and Nussbaum shows a lack of analysis in them both in terms of intersectionality and power.

In Martha Nussbaum’s book Frontiers of Global Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership, she presents the capabilities approach, a new theoretical framework that in her view better responds to the urgent problems of social inequality than existing theories of social justice. This thesis evaluates her descriptive claim by applying the capabilities approach to the French burqa ban and assessing whether the ban is unjust, and if so, what forms of intervention are most appropriate. In doing this, I will argue that Nussbaum’s theory is unsatisfactory unless she extends it to include the obligation to criticize in cases where we are certain that an injustice is being committed.

<p>The thesis <em>„Martha Nussbaum’s philosophy with regard to its feministic orientation” </em>represents Martha Nussbaum’s theory of the good life, demonstrates it as a feminist philosophy and locates it in the context of feminist theory. It is shown that Martha Nussbaum’s capability approach in connection with her reflections about the political liberalism and communitarianism is an important contribution for a feministic ethic of equality. Martha Nussbaum combines questions of justice with a theory of the good life. In her demand for the ethicing of the political, lies the relevance of her philosophy for feminism.</p><p> </p>

This thesis is an examination of the concept of human development and does a comparative study of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. Sen rectifies the emphasis on income by welfare economics, and argues for the ‘equality of capability’; a goal that he says can be achieved by means of the intrinsic and instrumental role of democracy. However, the author notes that Sen’s development paradigm is inadequate as an account for what constitutes the kind of well-being that is fully human and asserts that Sen’s framework should be concretized politically. In view of this, the author argues that Nussbaum’s articulation of a ‘threshold of capabilities’, anchored on her reading Aristotle’s concept of human flourishing and Marx’s insight on human dignity, is a politically realistic human development framework. Nussbaum thinks that the essential human capabilities are entitlements that must be constitutionally guaranteed to ensure a decent and dignified human life for all. As a response to the reality of pluralism, Nussbaum says that the universality of these entitlements can be secured by means of an overlapping consensus. Furthermore, the extreme poverty in many nations which exposes women and children to much vulnerability has provoked the author to inquire about the applicability of Nussbaum’s framework to the global arena. As such, the thesis argues for the radical expansion of the Human Development Index used by the United Nations Development Program in measuring the quality of human life, notably the inclusion of political liberties and gender equality. In addition to this, the study puts forward the argument that global human development is best achieved through democracy, and asserts that global institutions have a moral duty to protect and promote the central human capabilities.

The thesis „Martha Nussbaum’s philosophy with regard to its feministic orientation” represents Martha Nussbaum’s theory of the good life, demonstrates it as a feminist philosophy and locates it in the context of feminist theory. It is shown that Martha Nussbaum’s capability approach in connection with her reflections about the political liberalism and communitarianism is an important contribution for a feministic ethic of equality. Martha Nussbaum combines questions of justice with a theory of the good life. In her demand for the ethicing of the political, lies the relevance of her philosophy for feminism.