New Guinea is the most linguistically diverse region in the world. There are over 1000 languages found there, reflecting a complex history of migration and interaction. The Upper Sepik is one of New Guinea’s most linguistically heterogeneous areas but because the area has not been marked by the significant population movement and intense and far-reaching exchange systems apparent for some parts of New Guinea, this diversity may be more indicative of processes that maintain rather than lead to linguistic diversity. Accordingly, the region may offer great potential for those investigating population histories. With this potential in mind ethnographers went into the Upper Sepik during the 1960s and 1970s with the intention of making representative material culture collections for the language groups found there. These collections combine to be, arguably, one of the most fine-grained material culture datasets that exist for New Guinea. This thesis describes the manner in which these collections were documented and used to create a dataset to test for relationships between material culture and language. It begins with an overview of the study area including descriptions of the geography, environments, subsistence systems, settlement structures and social patterns, including an appraisal of marriage exchange, ritual, trade and warfare and how these may have facilitated or inhibited the spread of culture. This appraisal leads to an assertion that the sociality and mobility of men and women are affected differentially by such mechanisms, and that material culture belonging to men and women may differentially reflect population histories and the social processes that underpin the evolution of linguistic diversity. The thesis then describes a round of analytical procedures used to test for relationships between language and attributes belonging to string bags and arrows which are respectively and exclusively produced by women and men. Associations between languages, measured in terms of their material culture similarity, are then compared to those determined according to their linguistic family relationship and their relative positions in geographical space. The analysis also tests whether differences in the way that women and men socialise and move through space influence the way in which material culture patterns through space. The thesis concludes that attributes of classes of material culture are distributed differently for objects made by men compared to those made by women, that distance seems to be a stronger factor than language, and that environmental factors are also relevant. This study foreshadows ongoing research involving the dataset. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2009

This dissertation investigates the diverse ways in which the Portuguese language expanded in Brazil, despite the multilingual landscape that predominated prior to and after the arrival of the Europeans and the African diaspora. It challenges the assumption that the predominance of Portuguese was a natural consequence and foregone conclusion of colonisation. This work argues that the expansion of Portuguese was a tumultuous process that mirrored the power relations and conflicts between Amerindian, European, African, and mestizo actors who shaped, standardised, and promoted the Portuguese language within and beyond state institutions. The expansion of Portuguese was as much a result of state intervention as it was of individual agency. Language was a mechanism of power that opened possibilities in a society where ethnic, religious, and economic criteria usually marginalised the vast majority of the population from the colonial system. Basic literacy skills allowed access to certain occupations in administration, trading, teaching, and priesthood that elevated people’s social standing. These possibilities created, in most social groups, the desire to emulate the elites and to appropriate the Portuguese language as part of their identity. This research situates the question of language, identity, and power within the theoretical framework of Atlantic history between 1695 and 1822. Atlantic history contributes to our understanding of the ways in which peoples, materials, institutions and ideas moved across Iberia, Africa and the Americas without overlooking the new contours that these elements assumed in the colony, as they moved in tandem, but also contested each other. Focusing on the mining district of Minas Gerais for its economic and social importance, this dissertation draws on multiple ecclesiastical and administrative sources to assess how ordinary people and authoritative figures daily interacted with one another to shape the Portuguese language.

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Based on eighteen months fieldwork with Bedouin of the Negev, this thesis explores the varied presence of images as photographs and digital copies for local historicity in order to achieve a greater understanding of representational politics in southern Israel. It emphasizes pictures' ability to transmute, circulate, and acquire value in various social settings in contrast to popular academic treatments, which primarily focus on photographs' iconography and visual history in the Middle East. To do so, the thesis details the biographies of a series of 'significant images' (c. 1906-2010) circulating in this society. It describes their photographic and digital graphic contents as floating referents with the capacity to be coded and recoded by people but also their presence as historical evidence that acquire value in different contexts. The thesis builds on the concept of visual economy as opposed to visual culture in order to landscape images' meanings, material and digital transformations, and their influence for the making of Bedouin history over the last century amid Orientalist, national, and local imaginings. It argues that Bedouin in the Negev possess diverse representational repertoires and utilise a variety of techniques to pursue historical capital. In particular, local representations of the past are selective and instrumental but increasingly reliant on archival mediums such as photographs. Although it may be obvious, anthropologists of the Middle East have yet to adequately account for these occurrences among peripheral peoples and not merely urbanites in the region. Research found that Bedouin spokespersons treat photographs and digital images as evidentiary documentation during self-presentations of historical knowledge in the Negev. As they travel between visual economies, however, images become malleable proof for local history projects alternating between the tribal past, Islamic heritage, and ethnohistory. In conclusion, the thesis develops two theoretical themes in anthropology and visual culture studies of the Middle East: the material and visual efficacy of images for local historicity, and complicating self-representations among Bedouin in the Negev.

Cette étude propose une synthèse relative à la fin du second âge du Fer (160-25 av. J.-C.) dans le sud-est Massif central. La zone géographique considérée recoupe plusieurs régions (Auvergne, Languedoc-Roussillon, Rhône-Alpes) et départements (Ardèche, Gard, Loire, Haute-Loire, Lozère, Rhône). Durant la fin du second âge du Fer, cette région rassemble les territoires de deux entités culturelles : la Gaule indépendante (Gabales, Ségusiaves et Vellaves) et la Gaule méditerranéenne (Allobroges, Helviens, Ségovellaunes et Volques Arécomiques). L’objectif de ce travail est de proposer une vision globale des faciès de mobiliers, de l’occupation du sol et des dynamiques commerciales dans cet espace géographique. Cette démarche repose sur une nouvelle lecture critique des données archéologiques accumulées dans cette région depuis le XIXe siècle. Le plan adopté comprend trois chapitres. Le premier présente le cadre, le contexte et l’approche méthodologique de l’étude. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à l’examen détaillé des données selon deux grandes thématiques : la culture matérielle et les formes de l’occupation. Le troisième chapitre offre une synthèse, une confrontation des données et une mise en perspective des caractéristiques de cette région. Les principaux marqueurs de la culture matérielle sont exposés et un modèle de structuration hiérarchique de l’occupation est proposé à partir d’une classification des différentes catégories d’habitat. Enfin, les résultats de l’analyse des mobiliers et de l’occupation du sol sont mis en commun afin de mettre en perspective les marqueurs de l’organisation territoriale spécifiques au sud-est du Massif Central. / This study provides a synthesis about the ending period of the second Iron Age (160-25 BC) in the southeast Massif Central. The geographical zone that I study here includes several regions (Auvergne, Languedoc-Roussillon, Rhône-Alpes) and departments (the Ardèche, the Gard, the Loire, the Haute-Loire, the Lozère, the Rhône). During the ending period of the second Iron Age, this region gathers the territories of two cultural entities: the independent Gaul (Gabali, Segusiavi and Vellavi) and the Mediterranean Gaul (Allobroges, Helvii, Segalauni and Volcae Arecomici). The aim of this study thus is to offer a global vision of furniture facies, land use and commercial dynamics in this geographical area. This initiative bases itself on a recent critical reading of the archaeological data accumulated in this region since the 19th century.The plan adopted is made of three chapters.The first one aims at presenting the frame, the context and the methodological approach of the study. The second chapter is dedicated to the detailed examination of the data according to two important subjects: the material culture and the occupation types.The third chapter offers a synthesis and a confrontation of the data.The characteristics of this region are compared here.The main markers of the material culture are exposed and a model of hierarchical structuring of the occupation is proposed from a classification of the various categories of housing environment. Finally, the results of the analysis of furniture and land use are shared, in order to compare the specific markers of the territorial organization in the southeast of Massif Central.

This paper traces burials from Iron Age I Canaan that reflect an influence of Philistine culture. This influence can be measured by the presence of Philistine bichrome pottery or other evidence related to this ancient biblical people. A major road block to the clearest possible understanding of Philistine burials is that no cemeteries have been found at any of the earliest settlements of the biblical Philistines, the Pentapolis. The Old Testament lists these cities as Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath, and Gaza (e.g. Joshua 13:3). Though extensive excavation has been conducted at most of these sites, they have yet to yield a necropolis. Excavations are still being done at Tell es-Safi/Gath and Ashkelon, so hopefully the future will supply researchers with data to help clarify this rather vague area of Philistine studies. Recognizing these limitations, the paper presents a "symbiotic model," which identifies some of the areas of shared culture from the Canaanite context. Examples of this symbiosis are seen as the amalgamated result of people groups living in close proximity to each other and influencing the customs and practices of their neighbors. A Mycenaean origin of the Philistines is an underlying supposition of the research laid out in this paper. Because of this origin, and the other influences upon the early Philistine settlers in Canaan, a certain amount of cultural comparison becomes necessary to be able to understand the developing Philistine culture of Iron I. The paper includes a map of tombs and burials bearing Philistine influence and a map identifying different types of tombs and their locations. The variety of tomb types is an important facet of Philistine custom. The strong Egyptian influence upon Canaan and the surrounding area at that time in history is inescapable. Evidence of this influence will be explored. The inclusion of a chapter on the anthropoid clay coffins, and the Philistines' relationship to them, struggles with the scholarly interpretations. Finally, a chapter on literary implications strives to shed light on possible Philistine burial practices from the perspective of the Old Testament and other applicable literatures of the ancient Near East. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Th.

x, 208 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The scattered instances depicting material literature in Anglo-Saxon poetry should be regarded as a group. This phenomenon occurs in Beowulf, The Dream of the Rood, and The Husband's Message. Comparative examples of material literature can be found on the Ruthwell Cross and the Franks Casket. This study examines material literature in these three poems, comparing their depictions of material literature to actual examples. Poems depicting material literature bring the relationship between man and object into dramatic play, using the object's point of view to bear witness to the truth of distant or intensely personal events. Material literature is depicted in a love poem, The Husband's Message, when a prosopopoeic runestick vouches for the sincerity of its master, in the heroic epic Beowulf when an ancient, inscribed sword is the impetus to give an account of the biblical flood, and is also implied in the devotional poem The Dream of the Rood, as two crosses both pre-and-post dating the poem bear texts similar to portions of the poem. The study concludes by examining the relationship between material anxiety and the character of Weland in Beowulf, Deor, Alfred's Consolation of Philosophy, and Waldere A & B. Concern with materiality in Anglo-Saxon poetry manifests in myriad ways: prosopopoeic riddles, both heroic and devotional passages directly assailing the value of the material, personification of objects, and in depictions of material literature. This concern manifests as a material anxiety. Weland tames the material and twists and shapes it, re-affirming the supremacy of mankind in a material world. / Committee in charge: Martha Bayless, Chairperson, English; James Earl, Member, English; Daniel Wojcik, Member, English; Aletta Biersack, Outside Member, Anthropology

This study explores representation and use of indigenous heritage constructs with a view to identifying implications thereof for the quality and relevance of heritage education practices in post colonial southern Africa. Framed within a critical hermeneutic research paradigm under-laboured by critical realist ontology, the study was conducted using a multiple case study research design. The data collection protocol was three-phased, starting with a process of contextual profiling, within which insights were gained into discourses shaping the constitution and orientation of heritage education practices at the Albany Museum in South Africa, the Great Zimbabwe Monument in Zimbabwe and the Supa Ngwao Museum in Botswana. The second phase of data collection entailed modelling workshops in which educators engaged in discussion around the status of heritage education in post apartheid South Africa. This highlighted, through modelled lessons, some of the tensions, challenges and implications for working with notions of social transformation and inclusivity in heritage education. The third phase of data collection involved in-depth interviews. Twelve purposively selected research participants were interviewed between 2010 and 2011. Data generated across the study was processed and subjected to different levels of critical discourse analysis. Besides noting how heritage education in post colonial southern Africa is poorly framed and under-researched, this study revealed that current forms of representing indigenous heritage constructs are influenced more by socio-political discourses than the need to protect and conserve local heritage resources. The study also noted that the observed heritage education practices are oriented more towards addressing issues related to marginalisation and alienation of indigenous cultures and practices, than enhancing learners’ agency to manage and utilise local heritage resources in a more sustainable ways. Based on these findings the study recommends re-positioning heritage education within the framework of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). ESD acknowledges both issues of social justice and the dialectical interplay between nature and culture; as such, it may allow for representation and use of indigenous heritage constructs in ways that expand current political orientations to include sustainability as an additional objective of heritage education. Given that little research focusing on heritage education has been undertaken within southern Africa, the findings of this study provide a basis upon which future research may emerge.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T15:23:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2278783 bytes, checksum: e7f96aa5b015e6fb479fc132ec8f1c92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Theoretical and methodological procedures investigation of religious colonial patrimony construction in Paraiba, developed by the Information Science Graduation Program from Federal University of Paraiba [Campus I], master's degree level, concentrated in the area of Society, Information and Knowledge well as Memory, Organization, Access and Information use research area, justified by the intention to incorporate the memory preservation, description and data information, information uses and impact. This essential research has required imminent recognition, description and cultural patrimony s communication concerning its cultural relevance, contradictorily, fledgling political and patrimony research. Several questions have sustained analysis: Which assumptions, criteria, categories, implementation procedures and analysis must be included in the movable cultural property and integrated religious scientific methodology patrimony adequately directed in the SI [Information Science] and cultural patrimony areas? Which have been the identification support, classification and religious qualitative analysis? The state of art has brought theoretical contributions related to the Information Science, Terminology, Semiotics and Aesthetics since the inventory processes of material culture in focus, Christian art well as information and its representation as interdisciplinary scientific objects. It has been concluded that the inventory as an important information assets source by the access to material and cultural patrimony well as memory preservation. Moreover, the patrimony has been identified as a social representation instrument by its non technical-descriptive utterance structure, indeed, as an information and knowledge representation instrument, by the information presupposes recognition with a interdisciplinary scientific purpose which has required scientific methodology construction linking Information Science and Cultural patrimony. / Investigamos os processos teórico-metodológicos para a construção e análise do inventário do patrimônio religioso paraibano colonial, em desenvolvimento no Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal da Paraíba Campus I em nível de mestrado, na área de concentração Sociedade, Informação e Conhecimento e na linha de pesquisa Memória, Organização, Acesso e Uso da Informação, justificadas pela intenção de incorporar a preservação da memória, representação da informação e de conhecimento, usos e impactos da informação. A pesquisa justifica-se pela eminente necessidade de identificação, qualificação e comunicação do patrimônio cultural dada a sua relevância histórica e cultural e, contraditoriamente, as incipientes políticas e pesquisas sobre os inventários deste patrimônio. Algumas questões orientam nossa análise: Quais pressupostos, critérios, categorias, procedimentos de execução e análise deve conter uma metodologia científica de inventário de bens culturais móveis e integrados religiosos que articula adequadamente as áreas da CI e de patrimônio cultural? Quais instrumentos existentes para a identificação, classificação e análise qualitativa do patrimônio religioso? Como referencial teórico-metodológico nos apoiamos nas contribuições da Ciência da Informação, Terminologia, Semiótica e Estética uma vez que os processos de inventariação da cultura material em foco, arte cristã bem como a informação e sua representação constituem objetos científicos interdisciplinares. Defendemos que o inventário pode ser uma importante fonte de informação patrimonial, de acesso ao patrimônio cultural material e de preservação da memória. Numa pesquisa qualitativa produzimos um inventário enquanto instrumento de representação social e consideramos que o mesmo não deve se constituir em uma técnica nominativo-descritiva, mas em um instrumento de representação da informação, tendo como pressuposto o reconhecimento da informação patrimonial como objeto científico interdisciplinar que requer a construção de metodologia científica que articula Ciência da Informação e Patrimônio Cultural.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2018-06-29T17:57:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Raquel Costa Dias - 2018.pdf: 5351746 bytes, checksum: 9eff71b21badd84030d0217a51d0287b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-03T14:55:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Raquel Costa Dias - 2018.pdf: 5351746 bytes, checksum: 9eff71b21badd84030d0217a51d0287b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T14:55:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Raquel Costa Dias - 2018.pdf: 5351746 bytes, checksum: 9eff71b21badd84030d0217a51d0287b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-05 / This research is part of the History of Education and is linked to the Research Line: State, Policies and History of Education of the Post-Graduation Program in Education of the Federal University of Goiás. It is a bibliographical and documentary research of a historical character that, through the theoretical and methodological presuppositions of Cultural History, analyzed the reading book Goiaz heart of Brazil, published in two editions, 1934 and 1983, and written by Ofélia Socrates do Nascimento Monteiro. The first source, the first textbook of regional history, was adopted by the Government of the State of Goiás in 1934 to attend the third and fourth year classes of the school groups in the region of Goiás. In the diversity of possible research questions presented in the book, our clipping was based especially on the analysis of the type of teaching and school that is presented in the object of study investigated, contextualized in the legislation of the current period of writing and the adoption of this object school material. In this exercise, we compare passages of the work with the theoretical foundation listed. The methodological course was to meet the studies of History of Education in Brazil and in Goiás in the first half of the 20th century, especially in the 1930 s. We also carried out a bibliographical review around the themes: New School, Reading Book, History Teaching for children and Primary education in the 20th century, present in theses and dissertations raised in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) and in the Catalog of Thesis and Dissertations of CAPES. The problematic is supported, particularly, in the evidences of use of the Intuitive Method in a work used during the New School movement, and in the identification of an education that surpasses the walls of the school, also occurring in the domestic environment. Studies and conceptions about the constitution of school groups in the State of Goiás, Intuitive Method, New School movement, History teaching, school material culture also supported the research. / Esta pesquisa se inscreve no campo da História da Educação e está vinculada à Linha de Pesquisa: Estado, Políticas e História da Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de caráter histórico que, por meio dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da História Cultural, analisou o livro de leitura Goiaz coração do Brasil, publicado em duas edições, 1934 e 1983, e escrito por Ofélia Sócrates do Nascimento Monteiro. A respectiva fonte, primeiro livro didático de História regional, foi adotada pelo governo do Estado de Goiás em 1934, para atender às classes dos terceiros e quartos anos dos grupos escolares da região goiana. Na diversidade de questões possíveis de investigação, presentes no livro, nosso recorte se alicerçou, especialmente, na análise do tipo de ensino e de escola que é apresentado no objeto de estudo investigado, contextualizados na legislação da época vigente da escrita e da adoção deste objeto escolar material. Nesse exercício, confrontamos passagens da obra com o embasamento teórico elencado. O percurso metodológico foi ao encontro aos estudos de História da Educação brasileira e de Goiás na primeira metade do século XX, sobretudo na década de 1930. Fizemos, ainda, uma revisão bibliográfica em torno das temáticas: Escola Nova, Livro de Leitura, Ensino de História para crianças e Ensino primário no século XX, presentes em teses e dissertações levantadas na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES. A problemática se ampara, particularmente, nas evidências de uso do Método Intuitivo em uma obra utilizada durante o movimento escolanovista, e na identificação de um ensino que ultrapassa os muros da escola, ocorrendo também no ambiente doméstico. Estudos e concepções acerca da constituição dos grupos escolares no Estado de Goiás, Método Intuitivo, movimento da Escola Nova, ensino de História, cultura material escolar também fundamentaram a pesquisa.