Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 eneida_roselia_nascimento_silva.pdf: 1309092 bytes, checksum: eb6d9272ee6dba6f967d2bb52872a84f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-18 / This study aims to verify the (im) possibility of alienation of the fundamental right to the body under the central focus of surrogacy or solidarity belly, addressing the need or not to build a specific regulatory system. To do so will be raised studies on how the possibility of alienation of a fundamental right takes place within our society with the financial goal, disregarding often ethical, moral, legal and social values, often making women vulnerable against current bioethical developments. data and documents will be presented in order to verify that the current regulations in Brazil is sufficient for effective control of body disposal of possibility in cases of surrogacy. Depending on the technical procedures to work, the research involved literature, consisting primarily analysis of books, journal articles and materials available on the Internet; documentary, with analysis of Brazilian legislation and other countries, about the surrogacy. The method used is the inductive which is based on observation of particular facts and realities notes the existence of disposal of cases across the board. The search result has the function to inform on the need for a mechanism to force Act in order to make more effective and efficient control over these technological advances that grow increasingly in our society. / O presente estudo tem a finalidade de verificar a (im) possibilidade de alienação do direito fundamental ao corpo sob o enfoque central da maternidade de substituição ou barriga solidária, abordando a necessidade ou não de construção de um sistema regulatório específico. Para tanto, foram levantados estudos sobre de que maneira essa possibilidade de alienação de um direito fundamental ocorre dentro de nossa sociedade com o objetivo financeiro, desconsiderando, muitas vezes, valores éticos, morais, legais e sociais, tornando, muitas vezes, as mulheres vulneráveis frente à evolução bioética atual. Apresentaram-se dados e documentos com o objetivo de verificar se a regulamentação existente no Brasil é suficiente para o efetivo controle da possibilidade de alienação do corpo nos casos de maternidade de substituição. Consoante aos procedimentos técnicos ao trabalho, a pesquisa envolveu pesquisa bibliográfica, constituída basicamente de análise de livros, artigos de periódicos e material disponibilizado na internet; documental, com análise de legislação brasileira e de outros países, acerca da maternidade de substituição. O método utilizado foi o indutivo, fundamentado na observação de fatos de realidades particulares, constatando-se a existência de casos de alienação de forma generalizada. O resultado da pesquisa tem a função de informar sobre a necessidade de um mecanismo com força de Lei, de modo a tornar mais efetivo e eficiente o controle sobre esses avanços tecnológicos que crescem cada vez mais em nossa sociedade.

Mulheres em transição para a maternidade por adoção vivenciam as transformações psíquicas e a espera por seus filhos enfrentando as adversidades específicas deste contexto. Com frequência, o período que antecede a chegada do filho adotivo é descrito como um momento de preparação para a parentalidade. Nesta etapa, que pode se estender por longos anos, a formação da identidade materna e a significação, através dos sentimentos, do tempo de espera pelo filho adotivo são importantes processos da construção destas famílias. Diante de tais evidências, a presente dissertação dedicou-se a compreender como se dão, no contexto da adoção, as transformações da organização psíquica no sentido de tornar-se mãe e quais são os sentimentos relatados na espera pela adoção em suas diferentes etapas que precedem a colocação da criança na família. Dois artigos compõem esta investigação. As participantes dos estudos foram quatro mulheres, de idades entre 38 e 44 anos, habilitadas e ativas no Cadastro Nacional de Adoção (CNA) há no máximo um ano. No primeiro foi investigado o processo de transformação da organização psíquica das mulheres (motherhood mindset), de acordo com Stern, Bruschweiler-Stern e Freeland (1998), no contexto da maternidade por adoção. Encontrou-se que mulheres em espera pela adoção vivenciam as mudanças próprias da formação da identidade materna, confirmando-se a experiência de gestação psíquica no período que antecede a chegada do filho adotivo. Já no segundo estudo, buscou-se compreender quais os sentimentos relatados por mulheres na espera pela adoção durante o processo de habilitação à adoção e durante a espera na fila do CNA. Os resultados apontaram que, na habilitação à adoção, as mulheres destacaram sentimentos como apreensão, frustração, dor e morosidade. Quando na espera na fila do CNA, estas mulheres enfatizaram sentimentos que foram alocados em duas categorias: esperança e desesperança. A análise destes dois estudos contribui para a literatura sobre a espera pela adoção, dando voz as mulheres que vivenciam este processo marcado por transformações psíquicas e comoções de sentimentos. Espera-se que este trabalho auxilie na compreensão da transição para a maternidade por adoção durante a espera pelo filho adotivo, motivando o cuidado com a saúde emocional destas famílias bem como novos trabalhos que se dediquem a esta temática. / Women in transition to adoptive motherhood experience the psychic transformations and the waiting for their children facing the specific adversities of this context. Often, the period that precedes the arrival of the adoptive child is described as a time of preparation for parenting. In this stage, which can last for many years, the development of the maternal identity and the significance of the waiting time are important processes of the construction of these families. In face of these evidences, this thesis is dedicated to understand how the transformations of psychic organization occur in the sense of becoming a mother in the context of adoption and what are the feelings manifested during the different stages of the waiting time that precedes the child`s reception in the family. Two papers compose this research. The participants of these studies were four women, aged between 38 and 44 years, qualified and active in the National Adoption Registry for a maximum of one year. In the first, the process of transformation of the motherhood mindset was investigated in the context of adoption maternity according to Stern, Bruschweiler-Stern and Freeland (1998). It was found that women waiting to adopt a child faced specific changes of the maternal identity development process, confirming the experience of psychic gestation in the period before the arrival of the adoptive child. In the other study, it was sought to understand the feelings in women waiting to adopt during the process of habilitation for adoption and during the waiting period in the National Adoption Registry´s queue. The analysis of these two studies contributes to the existing literature about the adoption waiting process, giving voice to these women who experienced this process marked by psychic transformations and feelings commotions. We hope that this thesis helps in understanding the transition to motherhood through adoption during the waiting period for the adopted child, motivating the attention to emotional health care of these families and the elaboration of new studies dedicated to this subject and the promotion of new studies dedicated to this subject.

The thesis is the proposal of the proposal of the business plan for the foundation of a maternity center in Rychnov nad Kněžnou. The business plan is based on finding market gap which is caused by insufficient capacities of the kindergartens and there is no kindergarten or maternity center specialised in teaching English in Rychnov nad Kněžnou. Main advantages of the proposal are specialization in teaching English, professionalism and friendly mood.

Cette thèse étudie les formes de subjectivation produites au cours des parcours de soins de femmes enceintes primo-arrivantes – étrangères arrivées depuis moins de cinq ans sur le territoire français. L’enquête de terrain s’appuie sur des observations au sein de structures de soins à Paris et en Seine-Saint-Denis, ainsi que sur une soixantaine d’entretiens semi-directifs menés avec des professionnelles de la périnatalité et des femmes primo-arrivantes enceintes ou ayant accouché récemment en Île-de-France. À partir de ce travail ethnographique, la thèse analyse de manière intersectionnelle les effets subjectivants de l’entrée dans des dispositifs médico-sociaux dédiés aux femmes enceintes primo-arrivantes. Alors que dans un premier temps, l’annonce de la grossesse fragilise les conditions de vie de ces sujets déjà exclus en France, les femmes primo-arrivantes acquièrent en revanche une légitimité auprès des institutions médicales du fait de leur grossesse. Identifiées comme public à risque prioritaire par les politiques de santé publique, ces femmes sont orientées vers des prises en charge spécifiques, qui participent à les reconnaitre en tant que sujets. La thèse interroge les effets réifiants de cette reconnaissance : reconnues uniquement grâce à leur corps enceint, ces femmes connaissent une forme d’assignation racialisée à la maternité. Dans ce contexte, les femmes enceintes primo-arrivantes peuvent en venir à mobiliser leur corps enceint comme ressource pour limiter les effets de la domination. En définitive, la thèse donne à voir les mécanismes d’altérisation ethno-raciale opérés par les professionnelles de santé et les pratiques de résistance des usagères au sein des dispositifs dédiés. / This thesis studies subjectification’ process produced during the care path of pregnant newly arrived immigrants – foreigners who arrived for less than five years in France. The field study is based on observations in health care structures in Paris and Seine-Saint-Denis, and sixty semi-directive interviews with perinatal health professionals and newly arrived immigrant women, pregnant or who have just given birth, in Île-de-France. From this ethnographic study, the thesis analyses, with an intersectional perspective, the entrance in perinatal dedicated health structures and their effects on newly arrived immigrants’ subjectivities. At first, the announcement of pregnancy can degrade their living conditions in a context where they are excluded in France. However, they acquire a legitimacy with health care institutions because of their pregnancy. Targeted as public at risk by the perinatal public policies, these women are guided into dedicated healthcare facilities, which recognize them as subjects. The thesis interrogates the reifying effects of this type of recognition. The newly arrived immigrant women are recognized only through their pregnancy; they experience a racialized assignment to maternity. They develop incorporated strategies to counter mechanisms of domination, by using their pregnant body as a resource. Finally, the thesis analyses racialization mechanisms inside the health care structures and users’ practices of resistance.

In the fall of 2021 Swedish news media reported a maternity care crisis in Region Stockholm. Midwives resigned in protest against deficient working conditions and Region Stockholm appointed a special coordinator to solve the situation. The study aims to examine how Region Stockholm communicatively and strategically addresses problems in maternity care during the so-called maternity care crisis in 2021 and 2022. The questions used to fulfill the purpose of the study are: What events caused the communicative measures? What is the narrative of the communication, and does it differ from medias descriptions of the situation? Which actors are given room to speak and who is attributed responsibility? What rhetorical expressions are used? To answer these questions, previous research and theories regarding crisis communication, crisis rhetoric and message strategies for crisis management are applied. The empirical material consists of eight texts and one video, all produced and published by Region Stockholm on their own website. The nine posts are examined using a qualitative text analysis method. Our results show that mass terminations, deficient working conditions and staff shortage was the most common cause of Region Stockholm’s communicative measures. The narrative of the material was mainly about Region Stockholm presenting measures for the situation within maternity care. However, we could determine a difference between Region Stockholm’s and the media’s descriptions about the situation. The most significant result shows that Region Stockholm does not mention the word crisis in their communication. The result also shows that Region Stockholm is the actor given most room in the communication, where the coordinator is the only person that gets room to express oneself. Logos is the most common rhetorical expression that is invoked by objectively informing about the measures taken and Region Stockholm appeals to ethos by their already existing position in the society and by emphasizing positive aspects of the organization. Finally, we were not able to establish that Region Stockholm attributes crisis responsibility to themselves since they refer to different external factors that can be understood as a cause for the situation.

Background: Female genital mutilation is a harmful cultural practice that is carried out in several places around the world, despite the fact that it is a violation of women’s human rights. Worldwide, around 200 million young girls and women live with the aftermath of genital mutilation. There are several motives for implementing the practice linked to social, cultural and esthetic aspects. Aim: To describe how women who have been circumcised experience antenatal–and maternity care. Method: The study was designed as a general literature study which included nine scientific articles with a qualitative approach. Qualitative content analysis was applied. Result: Two categories and four subcategories emerged. “A confidence-building approach” and “Feeling trust in a female caregiver” went under “Good care relationship” while “Lack of knowledge about female genital mutilation” and “The feeling of being different” belonged to “Lack of empathy”. Conclusion: A confidence–building approach can demonstrably form the basis for a good care relation between a woman who has been circumcised and a healthcare professional. However, women who have been circumcised deliberately chose not to disclosure their health problems when they felt that healthcare professionals lacked knowledge about female genital mutilation. To alleviate the suffering and promote well–being of women who have circumcised, the healthcare professionals need to show respect, consideration and also provide caring care. / Bakgrund: Kvinnlig könsstympning är en skadlig kulturell sedvänja som utförs på flera håll runt om i världen trots att det är ett brott mot kvinnors mänskliga rättigheter. Globalt lever cirka 200 miljoner unga flickor och kvinnor i efterföljderna av könsstympning. Det finns flertal motiv till att genomföra kvinnlig könsstympning kopplad till sociala, kulturella samt estetiska aspekter. Syfte: Att beskriva hur kvinnor som blivit könsstympade upplever mödra–och förlossningsvården. Metod: Studien utformades som en allmän litteraturstudie med nio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys tillämpades. Resultat: Två kategorier och fyra subkategorier framkom. “Ett förtroendeingivande bemötande” och “Att känna tillit till en kvinnlig vårdgivare” gick under “God vårdrelation” medan “Bristande kunskaper kring kvinnlig könsstympning” och “Känslan att vara annorlunda” tillhörde “Brist på empati”. Slutsats: Ett förtroendeingivande bemötande kan bevisligen utgöra grunden för en god vårdrelation mellan kvinna som blivit könsstympad och sjukvårdspersonal. Dock valde kvinnor som blivit könsstympade avsiktligt att inte delge sina hälsoproblem när de ansåg sjukvårdspersonal sakna kunskaper om kvinnlig könsstympning. För att lindra lidandet och befrämja välbefinnandet hos kvinnor som blivit könsstympade skall hälso–och sjukvårdspersonal visa respekt, omtanke samt ge omsorgsfull vård.

Malgré les nombreux progrès effectués par les femmes sur le marché du travail, plusieurs difficultés persistent au niveau de leur représentation au sein de postes stratégiques et d'influence dans les organisations québécoises et ce, bien qu'elles soient aujourd'hui plus scolarisées que les hommes. Notre étude s'intéresse aux barrières contribuant à cette situation, plus particulièrement aux effets de la maternité sur les aspirations de carrière, et par le fait même sur les trajectoires de carrière des femmes diplômées universitaires. Cette étude qualitative a été réalisée à l'aide de données primaires colligées auprès de onze femmes membres de l'Ordre des conseillers en gestion des ressources humaines agrées (CRHA) et conseillers en relations industrielles agrées (CRIA) du Québec. À travers nos résultats, nous montrons qu'une diversité de facteurs au niveau sociétal, organisationnel, individuel et familial concourt à rendre difficile l'accès aux postes stratégiques et d'influence des organisations. Parmi ces facteurs, la maternité a pour effet d'influencer négativement les trajectoires de carrière des femmes en diminuant l'investissement temporel dans le travail et la mobilité géographique et internationale. Nos résultats soutiennent aussi que l'arrivée des enfants a pour effet de modifier les aspirations de carrière des femmes vers plus d'équilibre. De cette manière, les femmes auraient tendance à ce moment de leur vie à faire des choix favorisant une meilleure conciliation travail-famille. Ainsi, cette aspiration de carrière a pour effet d'influencer les trajectoires de carrière des mères vers des emplois où une flexibilité d'horaire est possible, comme c'est le cas en optant pour le travail autonome ou pour un emploi ne requérant pas de déplacements à l'extérieur, par exemple. En somme, cette étude contribue à la littérature sur les facteurs influençant les trajectoires de carrière féminines, puisque les effets médiateurs des aspirations de carrière entre la maternité et les trajectoires de carrière ont été peu étudiés à ce jour. Elle permet en ce sens d'observer les mécanismes des choix de carrière à ce moment précis de la vie des femmes. / Although much progress experienced by women in the labour market, several challenges remain in terms of representation of women in strategic positions in Québec organizations, despite that they are more educated than men. Our study focuses on barriers contributing to this situation, particularly the effects of motherhood on career aspirations, and by extension on the career paths of female university graduates. This qualitative study was conducted using primary data collected from female members of the Ordre des conseillers en gestion des ressources humaines agrées (CRHA) et conseillers en relations industrielles agrées (CRIA) du Québec. By our results, we have shown that a variety of factors - societal, organizational, individual and family - makes unreachable strategic positions in organizations by women. Among these factors, motherhood has the effect of negatively influencing the career trajectories by reducing the time investment in the work and the geographical and international mobility of women. Our results also argue that having children has the effect of directing career aspirations of women towards more balance. In this way, women would make choices promoting better work-family balance in their life. Thus, this career aspiration has the effect of influencing the career trajectories of mothers into jobs where flexible schedule is possible, as is the case of opting for self-employment or a job applicant does not travel outside, for example. Finally, this study contributes to the literature on factors influencing women's career trajectories. In fact, the mediating effects of career aspirations between motherhood and career trajectories have been not very studied up to now. This study observes the mechanisms of career choice at this time of women's lives.

This diploma work is focused on the situation of fathers on parental leave in the Czech Republic. The aim of research is to find out how fathers feel on their parental leave, what is positive or negative for them and how they evaluate this experience. The theoretical part describes the legislative framework of parental leave and parental allowance and explains the concepts such as femininity, masculinity, maternity and paternity. Then I deal with gender stereotypes and situation on the labour market, and their influences on the decision for starting parental leave. Then I formulate arguments for more father's participation in taking care of children. The empirical part is focused on a qualitative research. The research was realized by interviews done with 10 fathers on parental leaves, and analyzed by coding. Then I made a connection between new data and theoretical resources which are described in the first part. At the end I indicate the posibility of doins some other research, for example with both parents.

7 ABSTRACT Topic: Mothers manager - can cope with motherhood and career? is topical and is an area where there are still certain provisions regarding gender equality, which indicates the fact that women are represented only less than a third, although almost half the working population. It is clear that career managers are affected by many factors that are slowing down, which probably has the most significant effect of motherhood. In their qualitative research, I took aim at women who work as managers and have small children. Analyze in detail the four key areas: the experience of women returning after maternity / parental leave for managerial position, the impact of motherhood on their careers, strategies and experiences in balancing work and family and any experience with any form of discrimination in the labor market. The basic research question was: "What are the challenges facing the mother-manager gender inequality in our society?"

The thesis deals with choices made by women on maternity leave living in Prague, predominantly in the area of work and family life. Women's choices do not always represent their preferences and are strongly influenced by the institutional conditions and family interests. Women's preferences are also determined by the idea of maternity preferred by them- Another focus of the thesis is the construction of symbolic boundaries between mothers and childless women. Mothers differentiate themselves from childless women based on moral criteria and from each other based on the understanding of motherhood. Mothers tend to describe maternity leave as a happy period and do not think of it as of a loss of freedom or a sacrifice. However, they admit that long-term maternity leave is stereotypical and can induce feelings of isolation. For that reason, a part of women try to break free, at least partially, from the childcare and return into the realm of adults.