Establishing parentage The subject of this master thesis is the issue of establishing parentage. The thesis targets areas of establishing parenthood, issues of three legal presumptions and last but not least, parenthood denial. The question of establishing maternity is examined mainly from perspectives including surrogate maternity, assisted reproduction method and secret and anonymous delivery. All matters are reviewed based on the valid amendment to Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code that has come into effect on 1.1.2014. The goal of the thesis is it to introduce, describe and analyze the new amendment to the Family Act. Further, it aims to compare individual institutions with respect to changes made to the Family Act in the past and those made as a part of the new amendment. The thesis consists of eight key chapters. The initial chapter targets relationships among parents and their children, protection of children's legal rights as well as a child's right to know its biological origin. Following, the second and the third chapters concentrate in depth on legislation of the paternity establishment per se. While the second chapter covers the historical development of the legislation from the ancient Rome era until present, the latter chapter intends to introduce the legislation from domestic,...

Cette thèse porte sur la procréation dans le contexte de l'infection à VIH marqué de nos jours par les progrès thérapeutiques notables dans la prise en charge. Elle est construite autour de trois grandes parties qui présentent des éléments à la fois de portée générale et des éléments centrés sur les expériences de procréation de femmes séropositives du Burkina Faso. Dans les associations de lutte contre le VIH et dans les centres de santé, les individus reçoivent de plus en plus, des informations sur la possibilité d'avoir des enfants lorsqu'on est porteur du VIH sous réserve de conditions pour l'essentielles médicales, et parfois des offres d'accompagnement thérapeutique et nutritionnel soutenues par certaines agences. Ces informations et ces offres sont récupérées par les individus notamment les femmes, qui dès lors, organisent, orientent ou construisent non seulement leurs comportements et leurs choix de procréation mais aussi leurs parcours de soins. Ce traitement de la procréation dans le contexte du VIH au Burkina Faso met en lumière un processus de recomposition de la prise en charge du VIH dans les services de santé et dans les associations. Une recomposition caractérisée par une évolution des discours et des représentations, la naissance de nouvelles activités qui font appel à de nouvelles pratiques –pour les soignants–, un renforcement de l'immixtion du médical dans la vie sexuelle et reproductive des individus, et pour les femmes, l'émergence de nouvelles maternités qui, tout en s'inscrivant dans le rapport « maternité-féminité », fait plus de place à la figure du sujet dans les relations familiales et conjugales. / This thesis is about the procreation in the context of HIV infection based on remarkable therapeutic progress nowadays in caring people. It's based on three big parts which show at the same time global ranges and elements based on HIV positive women's experience in Burkina Faso. In associations fighting against HIV and health centers, people receive more information on the possibility to have children when they are HIV positive but under the condition of essential medicines, furthermore the therapeutic and nutritional supply is sometimes supported by some agencies. These information and supply are got back by people namely women who once organize direct and build not only their behavior but also their choice of procreation and their distance of caring. This treatment of procreation in the context of HIV in Burkina Faso explains a process of recomposition and taking in charge HIV in health centers. A recomposition characterized by an evolution of speeches, representations and birth of new activities which requires new practices for care givers, a strengthening of interference of medicines in people's sexual and reproductive life. Besides for women, the emergency of new maternity which is written in the report in “maternity-femininity” make more place in the figure of the topic about the family and couple's relationship.

Determination of Parenthood Determination of parenthood is very actual topic due to the constant changes of the traditional understanding of the family and family relationships. It is primarily the development of modern medical science, biology or genetics that has brought new concepts into the issue of determination of parenthood. For example surrogacy, assisted reproduction or baby boxes. The legislation must responds to these changes in order to stabilized family relationships and to ensure their protection. The aim of this thesis is to describe and to analyze Czech legal regulation of determination of parenthood and to compare it with not only European but also global legislation. The analyse of valid legal regulation highlights questionable passages that may cause difficulties in its interpretation or practical application. The thesis is composed of nine chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of determination of parenthood. Opening chapter introduces the historical development of relationships between parents and children in Roman and European law. It focuses on legal standards applicable in our country during the period of time from the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic to the present times. Chapter Three is devoted to determination of maternity. It focuses on concealed birth,...

Surrogate maternity ABSTRACT This graduation theses deals with surrogacy, which is really an actual and discussed issue at the present time. The thesis is divided into three main chapters, the first one is devoted to assisted reproduction, the second one belongs to surrogacy, the third chapter deals with determining parentage of artificial insemination. The first part considering assisted reproduction contains a short analysis of this issue from the medical and juridical point of view and also shows an overview of interfility causes and their therapies. The second chapter shows legal regulations of surrogacy abroad that could be seen as an inspiration for both, the current and future legislation of the Czech Republic. This chapter also pays attention to particular law institutes that temporarily adjust this subject-matter, especially the contracts between surrogate mother and requesting couple, adoptions by surrogate mother and is briefly focused on criminal legislation. A view at the change of legislation in connection with acceptance of new civil code is part of this chapter as well. The third and the last chapter is devoted to determination of parenthood. As regards the paternity, there are three basic hypothesis accepted, that are however modificated by the legislation of asisted reproduction in some...

Backround: Research shows that drinking among women on parental leave is a serious social problem. Women on parental leave can be considered as a group which is vulnerable to addictive behavior. Aims: The aim of this work was to map the situation of alkohol use among women on parental leave living in Prague. There have been set four research questions: 1. What is the prevalence of alcohol use among women in the sample? 2. Do the women on parental leave change their drinking habits over time? 3. Do the women on parental leave feel that parenting is kind of protection against drinking too much alcohol or, on the contrary, they feel that it could be risk factor which can lead to drinking? 4. What are the patterns of alcohol use for women on parental leave in Prague? Methods: Data for research part of this work was obtained using a quantitative questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed among respondents via the internet. The sample of respondents was conducted through method of self-selection. The results were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics in excel. Results: Results which we have obtained are showing us, that patterns of drinking alcohol among women from the research sample did change over time. Prevalence of drinking alcohol was the highest before pregnancy. During that time there...

D.Cur. / The purpose of this study was to formulate clinical guidelines for critical nursing actions in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Currently each NICU has their own set of policies and standards for various procedures relevant to NICUs. There is thus no standardisation of nursing methods between the increasing numbers of NICUs. Uniform standards are of significant importance with regards to the nurses working in the units on a freelance basis through nursing agencies. The nurses often work in more than one unit and are thus subjected to various methods of performing one task ...

United States federal law regulating leaves of absence for maternity-related purposes pales in comparison to other nations' policies, an observation only recently receiving attention from political scientists. Providing an understanding of how maternity leave is handled by individual organizations in the United States only, a quantitative study is conducted that examines local variation in policy formulation. Employee leave due to maternity is primarily a women's issue and its treatment will vary depending on the socio-political context that the policy dictating the leave is found in. Three main determinants of a policy's level of comprehensiveness are identified as being the political representation of women on local legislative bodies, the bureaucratic representation of women in their place of employment, and the level of women's movement activity in the community. Moreover, the gendered context of the organization is considered by comparing two historically distinct institutions on the gender continuum, public education and law enforcement. After analysis involving a national comparison of public school district and police department maternity leave policies, it was found that the presence of the women's movement in a community significantly impacts the dependent variable, policy comprehensiveness. The effects of political and bureaucratic representation, however, seem to differ between police departments and school districts. In consideration of the most comprehensive policies found, it seems police departments are highly influenced by larger proportions of women officers whereas women teachers might be at a disadvantage precisely because of their over-representation in school districts. Seemingly counterintuitive, this finding suggests that gendered institutions are predicated on more than just women's presence. Evidence that maternity leave policy in individual U.S. institutions is a product of the gendered culture of the organization was found by observing the differential impact of political and social variables on police departments and school districts.

Esta tese realiza uma análise do romance Um defeito de cor (2006), de Ana Maria Gonçalves, sublinhando os aspectos formais do texto e indicando como eles acionam problematizações urgentes para a crítica literária produzida no Brasil. Os procedimentos estéticos com que a representação em primeira pessoa é realizada na obra são concebidos como chave para vincular a literatura às narrativas historiográficas, sobretudo aquelas produzidas pela História Social da Escravidão, dando a ver como a obra de Gonçalves se vale da encruzilhada epistêmica entre ficção e realidade. Propõe-se, assim, que a carta configurada na obra, por meio da qual se constrói a enunciação de uma mãe africana que relata sua trajetória de vida, e nela as constrições ao exercício da maternidade ao longo do século XIX no Brasil e na África, performatiza uma corporalidade negra, convocando a crítica contemporânea a realizar o desrecalque do corpo negro de sua discursividade. Como desdobramento dessa proposição, o trabalho contrapõe a narradora Kehinde, elaborada a partir de um foco narrativo complexo, à figura estereotipada da mãe preta, presente de reiteradas maneiras no cânone literário nacional. Visibilizam-se com essa estratégia os mecanismos simbólicos de interdição do reconhecimento da ascendência africana no/do Brasil pelo discurso nacionalista, ao mesmo tempo em que se reflete sobre as possibilidades de encenação e disrupção desse construto ideológico pelo romance de Gonçalves. / This thesis analyzes the novel Um defeito de cor (2006), by Ana Maria Gonçalves, highlighting the formal aspects of the text and indicating how they trigger urgent problematizations for the literary criticism produced in Brazil. The aesthetic procedures with which first-person representation is carried out in the novel are conceived as a key to linking literature to historiographical narratives, especially those produced by the Social History of Slavery, showing how the work of Gonçalves uses the epistemic crossroads between fiction and reality. It is proposed, therefore, that the letter set forth in the work, through which the enunciation of an African mother is constructed, which relates her life trajectory, and in her the constrictions to the exercise of motherhood throughout the nineteenth century in Brazil and Africa, performs a black corporality, summoning the contemporary critique to realize the vizualization of the black body of its discursivity. As an unfolding of this proposition, the work contrasts the narrator Kehinde, elaborated from a complex narrative focus, to the stereotyped figure of the \"mammy\", present in the national literary canon. The symbolic mechanisms of the interdiction of the recognition of African ancestry in Brazil by the nationalist discourse are visible with this strategy, while at the same time reflecting on the possibilities of staging and disruption of this ideological construct by Gonçalves\' novel.

This theoretic-empiric thesis concerns the transformation of parent's leisure time taking parental leave, analyzes the leisure time of parents who decided to stay at home with children. Thesis focuses on factors most affecting the leisure time and primarily look on effect coming from change of social role itself. Additionally brings research of parent's leisure activities and the effect of change of leisure behavior on other areas of family life during the parental leave. Research tries to expose signification of the leisure time in this critical family time period as well as effect on parents through the parental leave. The theoretical base was created with collecting sources concerning leisure time area, social role change, parental leave and its application on particular field of leisure time change. Results of thesis coming from qualitative research based on qualitative analysis of a couple deeper dialogs moderated according to research strategy - methods anchored theory and application on contemporary knowledge.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:32:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Goes Linaris.pdf: 380776 bytes, checksum: ffc59836b40c7fbc73914ac145336d95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The present theoretical study undertakes an analysis on the questions that relate the feminilility and the maternity in the psichoanalysis theory, specifically in Freud and Lacan. To carry through such objective, it displays main publications of Freud, regarding the sexuality and of the feminility, while in Lacan we carry through the analysis concerning the sexuality through authors contemporaries who had carried through a structuralized reading of its works. The work constitutes two main chapters and a conclusion that justifies the fact to relate them in the understanding of a position that excludes the possibility of reference to the sexual differentiation in the level of the unconscious one. In the first chapter a relation is elaborated enters the discoveries concerning the theory of the sexuality and the constitution of the psychic device to construct a relation with the importance of the question of the feminilidade and the maternity for the psychoanalysis and its peculiar way of reading of the sexuality. In the chapter two we search to cover way in relation the same what it was commented on the workmanship of Lacan and what is differentiated in a its conceptions concerning the feminility and of the maternity, attributing to the feminility position in the psychology level. The last chapter displays a confrontation between what it was affirmed by Freud and what was product of a revew of its workmanship for Lacan pautada in the conception of the unconscious one as structuralized for the language. The maternity if differentiates, in the two conceptions, pautada in the search of the feminine identity in Freud and the possibility in two conferred ways of joy to the woman in Lacan / O presente estudo teórico empreende uma análise sobre as questões que relacionam a feminilidade e a maternidade na teoria psicanalítica, especificamente em Freud e Lacan. Para realizar tal objetivo, expõe as principais publicações de Freud, a respeito da sexualidade e da feminilidade, enquanto em Lacan realizamos a análise acerca da sexualidade através de autores contemporâneos que realizaram uma leitura estruturada de sua obra. O trabalho se constitui de dois principais capítulos e uma conclusão que justifica o fato de relacioná-las na compreensão de uma posição que exclui a possibilidade de referência à diferenciação sexual no nível do inconsciente. No primeiro capítulo é elaborada uma relação entre as descobertas acerca da teoria da sexualidade e a constituição do aparelho psíquico para tecer uma relação com a importância da questão da feminilidade e da maternidade para a psicanálise e sua maneira peculiar de leitura da sexualidade. No segundo capítulo busca-se percorrer o mesmo caminho em relação ao que foi comentado sobre a obra de Lacan e o que se diferencia em suas concepções acerca da feminilidade e da maternidade, atribuindo à feminilidade uma posição no psiquismo. O último capítulo expõe um confronto entre o que foi afirmado por Freud e o que foi produto de uma releitura de sua obra por Lacan pautada na concepção do inconsciente como estruturado pela linguagem. A maternidade se diferencia, nas duas concepções, pautada na busca da identidade feminina em Freud e na possibilidade de dois modos de gozo conferidos à mulher em Lacan