Contexte : Malgré les directives sur le temps d’écran, les enfants passent plus de temps sur des appareils électroniques qu’auparavant, ce qui en fait un facteur de risque important pour le développement social ultérieur. Les facteurs de protection à l’utilisation prolongée des écrans dans le contexte de l’enfance sont peu explorés. Partager des repas dans un contexte familial pourrait offrir un moyen de favoriser le développement psychosocial et de contrer les risques associés au temps d’écran élevé. Cette étude examine l’interaction entre l’environnement des repas en famille et la tendance de temps d’écran à la petite enfance sur les principales relations sociales des adolescents. Il est attendu qu’une meilleure qualité des repas en famille joue un rôle protecteur sur l’association entre les tendances d’habitudes d’écran et les relations sociales adolescentes. Méthode : Les participants sont 1 455 enfants (50,9 % de filles) de la cohorte de naissances de l’Étude longitudinale du développement des enfants du Québec. Les parents ont rapporté l’utilisation d’écrans des enfants à 2 et 6 ans et la qualité de l’environnement des repas en famille à 6 ans. Les parents et les enfants ont respectivement fourni des mesures sur la relation parent-enfant et la victimisation à 13 ans. Les analyses ont testé l’association directe entre les tendances du temps d’écran et la qualité de l’environnement familial durant les repas sur les relations sociales ultérieures, en utilisant des régressions linéaires. Les analyses de modération ont ensuite examiné l’interaction entre les tendances de temps d’écran et la qualité de l’environnement des repas en famille sur les relations sociales. Résultats : Nous avons observé qu’une hausse dans le temps d’écran était associée à une relation père-fille moins conflictuelle et moins de victimisation chez les filles ainsi qu’à des relations moins positives avec les deux parents et moins de victimisation chez les garçons. Pour tous, un meilleur environnement lors des repas était associé à des relations sociales plus saines avec les parents et les pairs. L’environnement familial lors des repas avait un effet modérateur distinct sur l’association entre les habitudes télévisuelles et les relations des filles avec leur mère ainsi que leurs pairs. Entre autres, lorsque les repas représentaient une occasion d’expression et de communication, une hausse du temps d’écran était associée à une relation mère-fille plus positive et moins conflictuelle. Étonnamment, les filles participant à des repas en famille moins positifs et ayant une tendance de temps d’écran plus élevée éprouvaient moins de victimisation à l’adolescence. L’interaction entre les tendances de temps d’écran et la qualité de l’environnement des repas en famille n’était pas trouvée significative pour les garçons. Conclusion : Encourager les repas familiaux représente une activité simple/rentable qui peut compenser certains risques à long terme associés à une utilisation accrue des écrans au-delà des caractéristiques individuelles et familiales préexistantes et concurrentes. Les initiatives de santé publique devraient considérer les repas en famille comme une stratégie d’intervention complémentaire aux directives d’utilisation des écrans. Les directives sur l’utilisation des écrans devraient considérer les repas en famille comme une stratégie compensatoire. / Background: Despite screen time recommendations, children are increasingly spending time on electronic devices, rendering it an important risk factor for subsequent developmental outcomes. Not much is known about protective factors in childhood context. Sharing meals could offer a way to promote psychosocial development and counter risks associated with screen use. This study examines the interaction between family meal environment and early childhood screen time on key adolescent social relationships. We expect that better mealtime environment plays a protective role in the association between screen time trends and adolescent social relationships. Method: Participants are 1455 millennial children (50.9% girls) from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development birth cohort. Parents reported on child screen use at ages 2 and 6 years and family meal environment quality at age 6 years. Parents and children reported on parent-child relationships and victimization experiences, respectively, at age 13 years. Multiple regression estimated the direct association between screen time trends and family meal environment quality and the interaction between screen time trends and family meal environment quality on later social relationship outcomes. Results: We observed that a greater increase in screen time was associated with a less conflictual father-daughter relationship and less peer victimization for girls as well as less positive relationships with both parents and less victimization for boys. For both girls and boys, a better mealtime environment was associated with better social relationships with parents and peers. For girls, early childhood screen time trends had distinct impacts on relationships with mothers and peers, conditional on mealtime environment. When family meals are an opportunity to express feelings and communicate, increasing trends in screen time are associated with more positive and less conflictual mother-daughter relationships. These same increases in screen time were associated with less peer victimization when family meal environment quality was more dysfunctional. No meaningful non-linear associations between screen time trends and family meal environment quality were observed for boys. Conclusion: Capitalizing on family meal environment represents a simple/cost-efficient activity that can compensate for some long-term risks associated with increased screen use, above and beyond pre-existing and concurrent individual and family characteristics. Public health initiatives may benefit from considering family meals as a complementary intervention strategy to screen use guidelines.

Extensive sources have been reviewed and analysed to piece together for the first time a detailed academic study of civilian evacuation to Devon viewed against the national backdrop. The primary focus of this thesis is the large number of unaccompanied children who were officially evacuated to the County under the auspices of the Government Evacuation Scheme during the Second World War. However, Chapter Six discusses the evacuation of mothers and accompanying children, unofficial (private) evacuees and private school parties. The majority of evacuated children arriving in Devon originated from the London area and southeastern counties. In addition large numbers of children were also evacuated to the County from Bristol and within the County from Plymouth (Devon) during 1941 and briefly from Exeter in May 1942. Each of the three national evacuation waves is considered individually throughout the text as they are quite distinct in complexion, a fact frequently ignored in generalised accounts which tend to focus on reaction to the initial wave. This thesis argues that: 1. lack of regional and local research has resulted in evacuation largely being viewed in generalised and stereotypical terms without due regard for the socioeconomic and geopolitical variance between those areas involved or the particular localised features of the evacuation process 2. the acclimatisation of evacuated children was particularly successful in Devon and drift back less than the national average 3. local evidence supports the argument that contemporary national reports of impoverished, dirty and ill mannered evacuees were frequently exaggerated 4. evacuation was central in accelerating postwar reform in areas of education, child care and welfare The civilian evacuation during World War Two was a remarkable event in the history of modern Britain. Interest in the subject has recently increased but there is enormous scope and need for further research both to broaden our understanding of the nature and impact of evacuation and to test entrenched views. The over-arching aim of this thesis is to contribute to this exploration.

School canteens can significantly influence children?s eating habits and can demonstrate them perfectly good principles in food selection. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the interest of school management and pupils? parents in the introduction of organic food in school canteen menus. The questionnaire survey was targeted at primary school and their school canteens that lie in the statutory city of České Budějovice and its immediate surroundings.

Submitted by Alexandre Petrucelli Salgado da Silveira (alepetru@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-09T15:05:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado INOVAÇÃO E PARTICIPAÇÃO SOCIAL DIGITAL - A EXPERIÊNCIA DO PÁTIO DIGITAL NA EDUCAÇÃO.pdf: 1699601 bytes, checksum: 3a616ed74bf7e5b9ca72eab875a2e27d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2017-12-11T18:16:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado INOVAÇÃO E PARTICIPAÇÃO SOCIAL DIGITAL - A EXPERIÊNCIA DO PÁTIO DIGITAL NA EDUCAÇÃO.pdf: 1699601 bytes, checksum: 3a616ed74bf7e5b9ca72eab875a2e27d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-12T11:31:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado INOVAÇÃO E PARTICIPAÇÃO SOCIAL DIGITAL - A EXPERIÊNCIA DO PÁTIO DIGITAL NA EDUCAÇÃO.pdf: 1699601 bytes, checksum: 3a616ed74bf7e5b9ca72eab875a2e27d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-16 / Nesse trabalho, pesquisamos a Política de Governo Aberto da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo, mais especificamente o Programa Pátio Digital. Problematizamos a participação social digital, o controle social, a voz do cidadão, as inovações presentes e a sua mediação, por meio das TIC, na relação entre a Secretaria de Educação e a sociedade, observando a atuação efetiva desta última nas políticas públicas e na melhoria da qualidade dos serviços públicos. Para isso analisamos uma das iniciativas do Programa Pátio Digital, o aplicativo Prato Aberto – ainda em fase de desenvolvimento –, o qual propõe a atuação da comunidade escolar na fiscalização da política de alimentação escolar (merenda) da Rede Municipal de Ensino. Dessa forma, a fim de avaliarmos o programa e o aplicativo num contexto de complexidade e desafios apresentados pela alimentação escolar no município de São Paulo, colhemos entrevistas de pessoas envolvidas tanto no desenvolvimento do aplicativo quanto na coordenação de instituições envolvidas, observamos eventos promovidos sobre o assunto, e propusemos, a partir daí, recomendações e contribuição crítica ao aperfeiçoamento desses mecanismos. Portanto, nossa pesquisa indica o potencial, os limites e as inovações dessa política na construção de novas formas de participação social e o quanto contribuem na ampliação da democracia. / In this paper we investigate the Open Government Policy of São Paulo’s Municipal Education Secretariat, specifically the Programa Pátio Digital (Digital Courtyard Programme). We discuss digital social participation, social control, the citizen’s voice, the innovations and its mediation, through ICT (Information and Communication Technology), on the relationship between the Education Secretariat and society, observing the effective participation of the latter in public policies and in the improvement of public service quality. To this end, we will analyze one of Patio Digital’s initiatives, the Prato Aberto (Open Plate) app - still in development phase – that invites the school community to participate in inspecting the school nutrition policy (school meals) in the Municipal School Network. In this way, in order to evaluate the programme and the app in the context of complexity and challenges represented by school nutrition in the municipality of São Paulo, we interviewed those involved in the app’s development and in its institutional coordination, observed events to promote the subject, and suggested, as a result, recommendations and critical contributions for the improvement of these mechanisms. Therefore, our research indicates the potential, the limits and the innovations in this policy in building new ways of social participation and how much they contribute to broaden democracy.

In many countries, the authorities face extreme difficulties in monitoring and ensuring that food sold on the street is safe, that is, fit for human consumption. This is particularly the case in urban areas, where people buy food on the street because it is readily available and relatively inexpensive. The objective of this study was to determine the food safety knowledge and microbial hazard awareness of street food consumers, and to assess the bacteriological quality of selected ready-to-eat foods sold by street vendors in the Johannesburg municipality. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted and a total of 402 respondents who buy and consume street-vended foods were randomly selected at various street food vending locations. A total of 315 various street-vended samples were purchased from randomly selected street food vendors at different vending locations in Johannesburg metropolis, in order to investigate the bacteriological quality of street-vended foods. Results of the bacteriological analysis revealed that total aerobic counts ranged from 0.3*102 - 0.4*105 cfu/g in cereals and grain-based foods; 0.4*102 - 0.5*105 cfu/g in meat-, dairy- and fish-based foods and 0.7*102 - 0.9*104 cfu/g in fruit- and vegetable-based foods. None of the food samples tested positive for Salmonella spp and Staphylococcus aureus. Results of the survey showed that the majority of respondents were black males younger than 35 years. Individuals of different gender, race, level of education and monthly income groups significantly (p<0.05) differed in their responses regarding the frequency of purchasing and confidence in the safety of street-vended food. Better taste followed closely by affordability and accessibility were the most cited reasons for purchasing street-vended food / Life and Consumer Sciences / M. Sc. (Life Sciences)

Summaries in German and English / Text in German / Die vorliegende, in der Praktischen Theologie respektive Religionspädagogik verfasste Arbeit fragt nach einem geeigneten Rahmen, in dem religiöse Lernprozesse für Heranwachsende entstehen können, mit dem primären Ziel der Identitätsstiftung durch den christlichen Glauben. In dieser Untersuchung ist der Gedanke leitend, dass wahres Menschsein nur als Existenz im Gegenüber und in Beziehung zu Gott verstanden werden kann. Es wird argumentiert, dass Lernen nicht nur einen kognitiven Prozess darstellt, aber dass "Lernen in Beziehung" einen Beitrag zur Daseinsdeutung und Identitätsbildung leistet. Maßgebend ist dabei der Gedanke, dass nicht der Mensch den Glauben bewirkt, sondern Gott. Hinsichtlich meiner interdisziplinären Forschungen wurde deutlich, Essen in Gemeinschaft fördert aufgrund seiner impliziten Werte die Gesprächskultur des Glaubens und daher die Kommunikation des Evangeliums; wo Heranwachsende sich vor Gott und in Gemeinschaft mit Gott neu verstehen können; ganz wesentlich ist das Verständnis des „Sein-in-Gemeinschaft“ und das Vertrauen, Gott sichert seine Gegenwart und Gemeinschaft auf dem Weg des Lebens zu. / In this study processes of learning for teenagers are explored with a view to the formation of faith identity. The study is done within Practical Theology and Religious Education, but perspectives from other disciplines are also investigated. The underlying premise of the study is that humans cannot forge faith – faith comes through existence before God and a relationship with God. It is argued that learning does not come through cognitive processes only, but that "learning in relationships" contributes to understanding one's existence and the formation of the own identity. From an interdisciplinary perspective it is shown that communal meals foster relationships and promote a culture of discussion, therefore opening up the possibility of discussing the faith and of communicating the Gospel in an atmosphere of community; where young people could come to a new understanding of themselves before God and in relationship with God and others; where their faith identity could be formed. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology

This work deals with issues of business trips in primary schools that are provided by municipality in relation to the law No. 365/2011 Sb., that changes law No. 262/2006 Sb., Labour code, as amended and other related laws valid since January 1st 2012 that says empoyees cannot give up on their rights in advance. Based on assumption that travel expenses that must have been paid to employees in full are huge burden on school budgets. All the travelling with pupils becomes very expensive. According to connection between theory and practical use, all activities cannot be provided only at school and it's necessary that teachers travel with children to learn away from school. This work summaries the rules for reimbursement of travel expenses and reflects the views of headmasters at issues of business trips in primary schools. Keywords: Business trip, working hours, time for relax, night shifts, be ready to work on call, weekend working, working during holiday, working overtime, travel espenses, meals, driving refunds, accommodation expenses, necessary side expenses, budget, financial sources