Un intérêt croissant pour les prédispositions individuelles est apparu au cours des deux dernières décennies en psychologie politique. Une grande variété de sujets a été étudiée comme la participation politique et électorale, les connaissances politiques, les attitudes et l'identification partisane. Ces études sont généralement basées sur le modèle du Big Five, avançant que cinq traits résumeraient la personnalité des individus. Ceux-ci sont l'ouverture à l’expérience, l'extraversion, l'agréabilité, la conscienciosité et la stabilité émotionnelle. La plupart des publications évaluant le lien entre la personnalité et la politique se concentrent sur les effets directs. Cependant, le modèle du Big Five suggère clairement que la relation entre les traits et les attitudes, comportements et identités politiques est également indirecte. En utilisant les données de l'American National Election Study de 2012 et 2016, j’analyserai d'abord comment la personnalité affecte la partisanerie, le choix électoral, l'intérêt politique et les attitudes envers le changement climatique. Je confirme que la personnalité a un effet direct sur les points de vue politiques. Deuxièmement, les effets de médiation de trois valeurs seront étudiées: l'idéologie, l'égalitarisme et le traditionalisme moral. L'analyse de médiation permet de décomposer l'effet causal total (ATE) en deux: l'effet moyen de médiation causale (ACME) et l'effet direct moyen (ADE). Je trouve que la plupart des effets sont médiés par l'idéologie, le traditionalisme moral et l'égalitarisme. 80% des associations sont médiées par au moins une valeur. Par conséquent, cette étude fournit des résultats suggérant que la personnalité est un facteur important dans l'explication des attitudes, des comportements et de l'identité partisane, et elle indique que les valeurs sont un mécanisme par lequel la personnalité a un effet. / A growing interest in individuals’ predispositions has emerged over the last two decades in political psychology. A wide variety of topics have been studied, such as turnout, political knowledge, attitudes, participation, and partisan identification. These studies are usually based on the Big Five model, arguing that five traits would summarize the personality of individuals. The five traits are openness to experience, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. Most of the literature assessing the link between personality and politics focuses on the direct effects. However, the Big Five model clearly states that the relationship between traits and political attitudes, behaviours, and identities is also indirect. Using the data from the American National Election Study of 2012 and 2016, we firstly analyze how personality affects partisanship, vote choice, political interest, and attitudes toward climate change. We confirm that personality does have a direct effect on political outlooks. Secondly, we focus on the mediation effects of three values: ideology, egalitarianism, and moral traditionalism. The mediation analysis allows us to decompose the total causal (ATE) effect in two: the average causal mediation effect (ACME) and the average direct effect (ADE). We find that most of the effects are mediated by ideology, moral traditionalism, and egalitarianism. 80% of the associations are mediated by at least one mediator. Hence, this study offers evidence that personality is an important factor in the explanation of attitudes, behaviours, and partisan identity, and it indicates that values are an important mechanism through which personality has an effect.

Introduction : Identifier des mécanismes sous-tendant l’association entre les évènements stressants et la dépression est essentiel pour développer des interventions de santé publique ciblées. Pour faire face aux évènements stressants, les individus adoptent des styles d'adaptation qui sont associés différemment aux symptômes dépressifs. Cependant, aucune étude n'a évalué si le style d'adaptation est médiateur et/ou modérateur de cette association. Objectifs : Examiner chacun des styles soit l’adaptation centrée sur le problème, l’adaptation centrée sur les émotions et l’adaptation évitante comme médiateur et/ou modérateur de l’association entre les évènements stressants et les symptômes dépressifs chez les jeunes adultes. Méthodes : Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) est une étude longitudinale portant sur 1294 participants recrutés en secondaire I dans 10 écoles secondaires de Montréal, Québec entre 1999–2000. L’analyse actuelle utilise les données (n = 782) de questionnaires auto-rapportés recueillis après le secondaire entre 2011–2012. En utilisant la décomposition en quatre parties de VanderWeele, l’effet total d’évènements stressants sur les symptômes dépressifs a été décomposé en composantes représentant la modération uniquement, la médiation uniquement, l’interaction médiée et ni la médiation ni la modération par chaque style d’adaptation. Résultats : Nous avons observé une modération par l’adaptation centrée sur le problème (β ̂(IC à 95%)=-1.51(-2.22, -1.06)) et une médiation (0.15(0.05, 0.17)) et une modération (1.16(1.05, 1.68) par l’adaptation centrée sur les émotions. L’adaptation évitante n’a ni médiatisé ni modéré cette association. Ainsi, les individus ayant une adaptation centrée sur le problème présentent moins de symptômes dépressifs lorsqu’ils sont exposés à plus d’évènements stressants. Ceux ayant une adaptation centrée sur les émotions présentent plus de symptômes dépressifs. Conclusion : Ces résultats suggèrent que les interventions préventives contre la dépression chez les jeunes adultes devraient inclure des éléments pour renforcer les stratégies d'adaptation centrées sur le problème et pour minimiser les stratégies d'adaptation centrées sur les émotions. / Introduction: Identifying potential mechanisms underpinning the association between stressful life events and depression is key to developing targeted public health interventions. To cope with stressful experiences, individuals adopt coping styles which are differentially associated with depressive symptoms. However, no study has assessed whether coping style mediates and/or moderates this association. Objectives: To examine each of problem-focused, emotion-focused and avoidant coping style as a mediator and/or moderator of the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in young adults. Methods: The Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) is a longitudinal study including 1294 participants recruited in grade 7 from 10 high schools in Montreal Quebec between 1999–2000. The current analysis uses data (n = 782) from self-report questionnaires collected post-high school between 2011–2012. Using VanderWeele’s four-way decomposition approach, the total effect of stressful life events on depressive symptoms was decomposed into components representing moderation only, mediation only, mediated interaction and neither mediation nor moderation by each coping style. Results: We observed moderation by problem-focused coping (β ̂(95%CI)=-1.51(-2.22, -1.06)) and mediation (0.15(0.05, 0.17)) and moderation (1.16(1.05, 1.68) by emotion-focused coping. An avoidant coping style neither mediated nor moderated this association. Thus, individuals reporting more problem-focused coping experienced fewer depressive symptoms when exposed to more stressful life events; those reporting more emotion-focused coping experienced more depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These results suggest that preventive interventions for depression in young adults should include components to reinforce problem-focused coping strategies and should minimize negative emotion-focused coping strategies.

<p>Driven by various benefits, such as authenticity, enjoyment, sustainability, socialization, and uniqueness, peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation has become an increasingly important socio-economic phenomenon. To study this emerging hospitality consumption format systematically and to enhance the understanding of consumers’ motivations, perceptions, and behavioral intentions in the P2P accommodation context, three projects were proposed and completed in this dissertation. These focused on the mechanisms underlying consumers’ perceptions and participation in the world of P2P accommodation. Project I provided a comprehensive overview of how diverse motivators can influence consumers’ satisfaction and loyalty toward P2P accommodation services, following the push and pull theoretical framework. By conducting a meta analysis, Project I revealed that improving push motivators (i.e., psychological and intrinsic motivators) is more important than pull motivators (i.e., cognitive and extrinsic motivators) in enhancing consumers’ satisfaction, re-patronage intentions, and the spreading of positive word-of-mouth interactions. Next, by employing the dual-process theory, Project II comprised a series of three studies to investigate how various types of online reviews (i.e., fact-based versus emotion-based; property-focused versus host-focused) can affect consumers’ consumption decisions pertaining to P2P accommodation. The findings revealed that fact-based reviews result in higher booking intentions due to enhanced trust in the P2P property/host. Moreover, it was found that female consumers exhibit higher booking intentions when they read host-focused reviews. Finally, drawing on the norm activation theory, Project III comprised an investigation into how consumers’ altruistic value versus egoistic value orientations impacted their consumption intentions of sustainable P2P accommodation. Furthermore, by employing both survey and experimental design studies, the underlying mechanism explaining the impacts of various consumption value orientations on behavioral intentions was explored, focusing on booking intentions and willingness-to-pay-more for sustainable green P2P accommodation. Bringing these findings together, this dissertation provides theoretical and practical implications from various perspectives with regard to how consumers’ motivators and perceptions lead to their participation in the P2P accommodation world.</p>

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between market orientation and business performance mediated by marketing resources and moderated by contextual factors. The study also examined the extent to which the conceptual model was a good fit to the sample data. A quantitative approach was used to test if there was a significant relationship between market orientation, marketing resources, and business performance. For the purpose, a cross-sectional survey was carried out to obtain data pertaining to market orientation, marketing resources, contextual factors and business performance. The unit of analysis of the study was banks consisting of 3 public and 15 private banks. A sample size of 507 consisting of 492 branch managers and 15 top level marketing managers was used in the survey. With a response rate of 87.97%, 446 questionnaires were collected of which 377 were used for data analysis. A SEM was used to test the extent to which the theoretical model fits the sample data. Mediation analysis was used to test the indirect effect of market orientation on business performance and hierarchical regression analysis was used to test whether the relationship was moderated by market dynamism, competitive intensity, and government regulation. Finally, an independent t – test was used to examine the statistical variations between public and private banks in terms of market orientation, marketing resources, and business performance. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the modified model was fit with the observed data in terms of chi-square and the individual indices. The total effect of market orientation on business performance was moderate with a 0.36 regression coefficient. The indirect effect was high with a 0.91 regression coefficient where complete and inconsistent mediation was found due to suppression effect. The moderation analysis revealed that the interaction effect of market dynamism, competitive intensity, and government regulation was not statistically significant. Finally the result showed that there was a statistically meaningful difference between public and private banks in terms of market orientation, marketing resources, and business performance. Banks in Ethiopia shall strive to segment the market, differentiate their services, and build a strong brand with clear identity. Banks in Ethiopia shall also build on their marketing resources to enhance their business performance. / Business Management / D.B.L.

Customers adoption of Internet banking has become a widely-researched topic, although it is fair to state that some research gaps still exist. This research aims to fill some of the research gaps by examining the factors that determine the relevant behaviour of three different categories of Internet banking customers in China (i.e. current users, non-users, and discontinued users), and by developing two conceptual models that are derived from different, but complementary, theoretical approaches. The Decision Making Model and the Service and Relationship Evaluation Model are developed in this research. The Decision Making Model is grounded in the technology acceptance model (TAM) and it incorporates an additional construct of perceived value of using Internet banking. Additionally, the Service and Relationship Evaluation Model is derived from the service quality evaluation and relationship quality evaluation literature. Unlike in most other Internet banking adoption studies, these two conceptual models are used complementarily to deliver a comprehensive understanding of customers Internet banking adoption in China. The models are tested using a sample of 614 Chinese Internet banking customers collected via mall-intercept personal interviews based on questionnaires. Partial Least Square (PLS) path modelling and mediation analysis are applied to test the hypotheses advanced in the two models. The key findings of this research show that perceived value is a major factor for explaining customers Internet banking adoption, thus indicating to the banks that they should reduce costs associated with using Internet banking while providing more (perceived) benefits to customers; the importance of incorporating perceived value in Internet banking adoption model(s) is also demonstrated. The findings also confirm that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are important factors that determine the adoption of Internet banking by all categories of customers. Current users and non-users perceptions of their behavioural control over using Internet banking contribute to their adoption of Internet banking, and such control perceptions are shaped by self-efficacy, perceived government support and technological support. Additionally, it is demonstrated that both current users and discontinued users perceived value and perceived service quality of Internet banking have positive associations with their satisfaction with Internet banking, which lead to their Internet banking adoption. Moreover, the findings reveal that current users are more likely to continue with Internet banking if they are affectively committed to their banks; they are less likely to continue with Internet banking if they are calculatively committed to their banks due to the costs associated with leaving the banks. These therefore indicate the importance of establishing high-quality customer-bank relationships and placing less strict switching cost barriers that impose less pressure on their existing customers. This research contributes to the Internet banking adoption literature by (i) identifying the important category of Internet banking discontinued users, apart from current users and non-users; and (ii) using two complementary conceptual models, which are grounded in different theoretical streams, to investigate the relevant adoption behaviour of all three categories of Internet banking customers. It hence delivers a comprehensive understanding of personal customers adoption of Internet banking in China.

Les ondes lentes (OL) sur l’électroencéphalogramme caractérisent le sommeil dit lent. Leur production dépend de la synchronisation de l’activité neuronale dans un large réseau néocortical. Les OL présentent d’importants changements au cours du vieillissement, et ce, dès le milieu de l’âge adulte. L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’évaluer la contribution de l’amincissement cortical dans les modifications des caractéristiques des OL durant l’âge adulte. Notre étude montre que la densité (nb/min) et l’amplitude (µV) des OL est liée à l’épaisseur de plusieurs régions du cortex chez des sujets jeunes et âgés. Toutefois, la pente des OL (µV/s) n’a pas semblé en relation avec la neuroanatomie. Des analyses de médiation montrent que la diminution de la densité des OL chez les personnes âgés s’explique par l’amincissement de gyri frontaux et temporaux, alors que les effets de l’âge sur l’amplitude des OL s’expliquent par l’amincissement d’un ensemble plus grand de régions corticales. / Sleep slow waves (SW) on the electroencephalogram (EEG) reflect synchronous alternance between depolarization and hyperpolarisation states in many cortical neurons. As soon as in the middle-years of life (around 45-50 years old), sleep SW change considerably. In this master’s thesis, we investigated the role of cortical thinning in normal age-related changes in characteristics of sleep SW. Our results show that SW amplitude (µV) and density(nb/min) are linked to cortical thickness in many cerebral regions in young and older subjects. However, SW slope did not present significant associations with cortical thickness. Mediation analysis showed that specific thinning in right middle frontal and middle temporal gyri explained age-related changes in SW density, whereas thinning in a large-scale network of regions explained age-related changes in SW amplitude. As a whole, our results shows that thinning in cortical regions involved in SW generation and propagation are associated with age-related changes in sleep SW.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between market orientation and business performance mediated by marketing resources and moderated by contextual factors. The study also examined the extent to which the conceptual model was a good fit to the sample data. A quantitative approach was used to test if there was a significant relationship between market orientation, marketing resources, and business performance. For the purpose, a cross-sectional survey was carried out to obtain data pertaining to market orientation, marketing resources, contextual factors and business performance. The unit of analysis of the study was banks consisting of 3 public and 15 private banks. A sample size of 507 consisting of 492 branch managers and 15 top level marketing managers was used in the survey. With a response rate of 87.97%, 446 questionnaires were collected of which 377 were used for data analysis. A SEM was used to test the extent to which the theoretical model fits the sample data. Mediation analysis was used to test the indirect effect of market orientation on business performance and hierarchical regression analysis was used to test whether the relationship was moderated by market dynamism, competitive intensity, and government regulation. Finally, an independent t – test was used to examine the statistical variations between public and private banks in terms of market orientation, marketing resources, and business performance. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the modified model was fit with the observed data in terms of chi-square and the individual indices. The total effect of market orientation on business performance was moderate with a 0.36 regression coefficient. The indirect effect was high with a 0.91 regression coefficient where complete and inconsistent mediation was found due to suppression effect. The moderation analysis revealed that the interaction effect of market dynamism, competitive intensity, and government regulation was not statistically significant. Finally the result showed that there was a statistically meaningful difference between public and private banks in terms of market orientation, marketing resources, and business performance. Banks in Ethiopia shall strive to segment the market, differentiate their services, and build a strong brand with clear identity. Banks in Ethiopia shall also build on their marketing resources to enhance their business performance. / Business Management / D.B.L.

L’internationalisation des marchés fait désormais partie intégrante de la réalité du monde des affaires, et de plus en plus d’organisations se retrouvent à étendre leurs activités à travers plusieurs pays. Cela est toujours d’actualité aujourd’hui, alors qu’une très grande proportion d’organisations s’attend à voir leurs mandats à l’international augmenter ou à tout le moins demeurer stable (Brookfield, 2015). Alors que nombreuses études se sont penchées sur l’adaptation des expatriés en terre étrangère (Bhaskar-Shrinivas, Harrison, Shaffer, & Luk, 2004), un nombre nettement moins élevé de chercheurs s’est attardé à l’adaptation de ces individus une fois de retour à la maison. Or, il est de plus en plus admis que plusieurs difficultés peuvent être associées à un retour d’un mandat à l’international. Celles-ci sont d’ailleurs parfois plus élevées que les difficultés vécues à l’international (Forster, 2000). Cette thèse tente donc de pallier cette lacune en examinant, tout d’abord, le rôle de deux antécédents de l'adaptation: la perception du soutien organisationnel (PSO) et la proactivité du rapatrié. Le rôle médiateur de la satisfaction des attentes sera également exploré. Pour ce faire, un total de 125 policiers revenant d’une mission à l’international ont participé à cette étude. En raison d’un nombre considérable de données manquantes pour certaines variables, la méthode d’imputation multiple a été utilisée (m = 5). Deux médiations ont été effectuées afin de tester les hypothèses, et ce, en contrôlant pour le temps écoulé depuis le retour de l’individu. Premièrement, il y a un lien indirect significatif de la PSO sur l’adaptation qui passe par la satisfaction des attentes (b = 0,25, BCa IC [0,11 – 0,40]). Deuxièmement, il y a également un lien indirect significatif de la proactivité sur l’adaptation qui passe par la satisfaction des attentes (b = 0,16, BCa IC [0,01 – 0,32]). Les résultats semblent donc soutenir les deux hypothèses. En d’autres mots, la PSO et la proactivité amèneraient une augmentation de l’adaptation, et ce, en permettant aux rapatriés de se former des attentes plus réalistes face au rapatriement. Nos résultats suggèrent donc qu’autant l’organisation que l’individu auraient un rôle à jouer dans l’adaptation des rapatriés, quoique l’impact de la proactivité de ces derniers paraisse moindre que celui de la PSO. À la lumière de ces résultats, le dernier chapitre abordera quelques pistes d’explications visant à comprendre l’effet plus petit de la proactivité, en plus de discuter plus en profondeur de l’implication théorique et pratique des résultats. Enfin, les limites et pistes de recherches futures de la thèse seront présentées. / Nowadays, internationalisation of markets is a pressing economic reality, bringing many organizations to increasingly choose to extend their activities abroad. This still relevant today as a very large proportion of organizations expect their international assignments to either increase or at least remain stable (Brookfield, 2015). While many studies have examined the adaptation of expatriates (Bhaskar-Shrinivas, Harrison, Shaffer, & Luk, 2004), a much smaller number of researchers have focused on the adaptation of these individuals once they have returned home. However, several difficulties are associated with repatriation and they are often more important than those encountered abroad (Forster, 2000). This thesis attempts to bridge this gap by examining, firstly, the role of two antecedents of adaptation: perceived organizational support (POS) and repatriates’ proactivity and secondly, the mediating role of expectations. To this end, a total of 125 police officers returning from a mission abroad participated in this study. Due to a considerable number of missing data for some variables, the multiple imputation method was used (m = 5). Two mediations were carried out in order to test the hypotheses, controlling for the elapsed time since the return of the repatriate. Our findings indicate that satisfied expectations mediate both the relationship between POS and repatriates’ adaptation (b = 0,25, BCa IC [0,11 - 0,40]) and proactivity and adaptation (b = 0.16, BCa IC [0.01 - 0.32]). The results therefore seem to support both hypotheses. In other words, POS and proactivity lead to increased adaptation by allowing repatriates to develop more realistic expectations of repatriation. This suggests that both the organization and the individual have a role to play in the adaptation of repatriates, although the impact of the latter appears to be less than that of the organization. In light of these findings, the final chapter explores some possible explanations in order to understand the smaller effect of proactivity, and also discusses more extensively the theoretical and practical implications of the results. Finally, limits and avenues for future research are presented.

This study explored the relationship between workplace discrimination climate on team effectiveness through three serial mediators: collective value congruence, team cohesion, and collective affective commitment. As more individuals of marginalized groups diversify the workforce and as more organizations move toward team-based work (Cannon-Bowers & Bowers, 2010), it is imperative to understand how employees perceive their organization’s discriminatory climate as well as its effect on teams. An archival dataset consisting of 6,824 respondents was used, resulting in 332 work teams with five or more members in each. The data were collected as part of an employee climate survey administered in 2011 throughout the United States’ Department of Defense. The results revealed that the indirect effect through M1 (collective value congruence) and M2 (team cohesion) best accounted for the relationship between workplace discrimination climate (X) and team effectiveness (Y). Meaning, on average, teams that reported a greater climate for workplace discrimination also reported less collective value congruence with their organization (a1 = -1.07, p < .001). With less shared perceptions of value congruence, there is less team cohesion (d21 = .45, p < .001), and with less team cohesion there is less team effectiveness (b2 = .57, p < .001). In addition, because of theoretical overlap, this study makes the case for studying workplace discrimination under the broader construct of workplace aggression within the I/O psychology literature. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis found that workplace discrimination based on five types of marginalized groups: race/ethnicity, gender, religion, age, and disability was best explained by a three-factor model, including: career obstruction based on age and disability bias (CO), verbal aggression based on multiple types of bias (VA), and differential treatment based on racial/ethnic bias (DT). There was initial support to claim that workplace discrimination items covary not only based on type, but also based on form (i.e., nonviolent aggressive behaviors). Therefore, the form of workplace discrimination is just as important as the type when studying climate perceptions and team-level effects. Theoretical and organizational implications are also discussed.