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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Práticas populares utilizadas por gestantes de alto risco: existe suporte na literatura sobre essas práticas?

Suzuki, Liane Kiyomi 10 April 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:45:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5293.pdf: 1224941 bytes, checksum: 60eb52fcf158346971bc94106b6cb554 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-10 / The usage of popular practices in order to either the treatment or prevention of both diseases and symptoms is very common along pregnancy, because of various maternal adaptations, frequent symptoms and requirement of special care. These popular practices are often regarded as healthy, beneficial and safe because they are "natural", however many plants are contraindicated because they may have toxic, teratogenic and abortifacient potential. The objective of study was to identify which popular practices (medicinal plants, homemade recipes and specific foods) are used by pregnant women at high risk for treatment and prevention of diseases or symptoms; to know the therapeutics indications; to check whether the information regarding these practices are cited sustention in technical literature, and if there are any contraindications throughout pregnancy. This is an clinical, cross-sectional and descriptive study done with 78 pregnant women who received medical and nutritional consultation on a clinic for high-risk cases at Maternity Santa Casa in São Carlos, within the period of April to July of 2012; these patients were interviewed based on a structured script, after the approval of the Ethics Committee and consent of the interviewees. For data analysis, it was used both simple descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. The results showed these pregnant women, in average, were 28.5 year-olds, and with 26.9 gestational weeks, which most of them were housewives, with family support; white, coming from the southeast; with 7 to 11 years of school; per capita income ½ to 1 minimum wage and evangelical religion. Independently of age, gestational age, ethnic groups, religion, education, income and region of origin, the pregnant women use the popular practices. From all the interviewed pregnant women, 64.10% confirmed the usage of some type of popular practice, related to symptoms of heartburn, flu, nausea, constipation, anxiety, diabetes, hypertension, cramps and others. Among the main popular practices used by the interviewed pregnant women, those with therapeutic indications are compatible with those described in the literature, except in the case of banana which effect over a cramp has not been scientifically proved. However, in many cases, their usage by pregnant women is contraindicated due to the teratogenic, abortive or toxic effects, such as in the cases of Boldo tea (Peumus boldus, Plectranthus barbatus), ginger (in high doses) (Zingiber officinale), immature papaya (Carica papaya), chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita), erva-cidreira tea (Melissa officinalis, Lippia alba, Cymbolponcitratus) and Melão-de-São-Caetano tea (Momordica charantia). To conclude, data about medicinal plants safety during pregnancy are scarce and often contradictory. More studies and researches are necessary about medicinal plants and popular practices done with teas, and not with plant extract, because this suggests that the quantities are excessively higher than those that would be consumed in teas. In the presence of any evidence suggesting risks for pregnancy, the usage of such plants should be avoided. The divulgation of results of this study should be done dialogically between health workers and users, so do not confront rather than ignore their cultural and popular knowledge, but that promotes reflection on their use of data obtained from the literature. / A utilização de práticas populares para tratamento ou prevenção de doenças ou sintomas é muito comum no período gestacional, em função das diversas adaptações maternas, sintomas frequentes e exigência de cuidados especiais. Essas práticas populares, muitas vezes são consideradas como saudáveis, benéficas e seguras, por serem naturais , porém muitas plantas são contraindicadas por possuírem potencial tóxico, teratogênico e abortivo. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar quais as práticas populares (plantas medicinais, receitas caseiras e alimentos específicos) utilizadas pelas gestantes de alto risco para tratamento e prevenção de doenças ou sintomas; conhecer as indicações terapêuticas; verificar se essas práticas da cultura popular são sustentadas pela literatura, e se há contraindicações no período gestacional. Trata-se de estudo clínico, transversal, descritivo realizado com 78 gestantes atendidas no ambulatório de alto risco da Maternidade Santa Casa de São Carlos, no período de abril a julho de 2012, entrevistadas mediante roteiro estruturado, após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética e consentimento das entrevistadas. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada estatística descritiva simples e testes qui-quadrado. Os resultados mostraram que as gestantes tinham média de 28,5 anos de idade, e 26,9 semanas gestacionais; sendo a maioria do lar, com apoio familiar; branca; proveniente do sudeste; com 7 a 11 anos de estudo; renda per capita de ½ a 1 salário mínimo e religião evangélica. Independentemente da idade, idade gestacional, etnia, religião, escolaridade, renda per capita e região de origem, as gestantes utilizam as práticas populares. Das gestantes entrevistadas 64,1% referiram utilizar algum tipo de prática popular, sendo relacionadas aos sintomas de pirose, gripe, náusea, constipação intestinal, ansiedade, diabetes, hipertensão arterial, cãibra e outros. Entre as principais práticas populares utilizadas pelas gestantes entrevistadas, as indicações terapêuticas são compatíveis com as encontradas na literatura, exceto no caso da banana, cujo efeito para cãibra não foi comprovado cientificamente; porém em muitos casos, a utilização na população específica de gestante, é contraindicada, devido ao efeito teratogênico, abortivo ou tóxico, como nos casos de chá de boldo (Peumus boldus, Plectranthus barbatus), gengibre em altas doses (Zingiber officinale), mamão imaturo (Carica papaya), chá de camomila (Matricaria recutita), chá de erva cidreira (Melissa officinalis, Lippia alba, Cymbolponcitratus) e chá de Melão-de-São-Caetano (Momordica charantia). Conclui-se que dados existentes a respeito da segurança de uso das plantas medicinais e práticas populares durante a gravidez são escassos e muitas vezes contraditórios. Há necessidade de mais estudos e pesquisas sobre plantas medicinais e práticas populares realizadas com chás, e não com extrato da planta, pois este sugere que as quantidades são excessivamente maiores do que aquelas que seriam consumidas em chás. Na presença de qualquer indício que sugira riscos para a gestação, a utilização de tais plantas deve ser evitada. A divulgação dos resultados deste estudo deve ser feita de maneira dialógica, entre trabalhadores de saúde e usuários, de forma que não confronte e não ignore seus saberes culturais e populares, mas que promova a reflexão sobre seu uso, a partir dos dados obtidos pela literatura.
22

Estrutura genética e fenóis totais de populações naturais de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens) / Genetic structure and total phenols of the natural populations of barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens)

Glasenapp, Jacqueline Siqueira 14 February 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:42:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 411348 bytes, checksum: 98ddbc87c7a35e64ff84aca8ec69b7f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Four natural populations of the Struphnodendron adstringens in the cerrado strictu sensu, North region of Minas Gerais State were studied, three from the Grão Mogol district and one from the Montes Claros district. Through the analyzes of 5 isoenzimatic polimorphic locos, estimates of the allelic frequencies of 276 adult individuals were obtained. Based on the heterozygotes observed and expected the F Wright (1951) statistics were estimated. An excess of heterozygotes inside (Fis = - 0.3866) and in the populations group (Frr = - 0.3065), and the low genetic diversion among the populations (Fst = 0,0578) were verified. According to the genetic differentiation method Gst of Nei (1973), about 94% of the genetic variability is enclosed among the populations, and about 6% are attributed to the differences among the populations. Estimates of effective size (Ne) were superior to the number of individuals shown in the samples obtained. In spite of the apparent distinction observed through the grouping technique UPGMA between the Grão Mogol and Montes Claros populations, based on the results of the Weir Heterozygotes Analyzes (1996), there are no significant genetic divergences between the populations. The genetic flux (Nm) values obtained were extremely high indicating the low genetic divergence between the populations, and the fact that the greater part of the variety is contained within them. Furthermore, the total phenol values were quantified, and averages of 18,58% in the bark, 14,27% in the fruit and 9,35% in the leaves were verified. In an overall way, the barks are more recommended for the raw matter obtaining, and it is believed that the strategies aiming at the conservation of the genetic diversity of S. adstringens imply in maintenance of the population with a great number of individuals. / Foram estudadas quatro populações naturais de Stryphnodendron adstringens no cerrado stricto sensu, norte de Minas Gerais, três no município de Grão Mogol e uma no município de Montes Claros. Por meio da análise de 5 locos isoenzimáticos polimórficos foram obtidas estimativas das frequências alélicas de 276 indivíduos adultos. Com base nas heterozigosidades observadas e esperadas foram estimadas as estatísticas F de Wright (1951). Foi verificado excesso de heterozigotos dentro (FIS = - 0.3866) e no conjunto das populações (FIT = - 0.3065) e, baixa divergência genética entre populações (FST = 0,0578). Conforme a medida de diferenciação genética GST de Nei (1973), cerca de 94% da variabilidade genética está contida dentro das populações e cerca de 6% são atribuídos às diferenças entre populações. Estimativas de tamanho efetivo (Ne) foram superiores ao número de indivíduos amostrados indicando adequada representatividade genética nas amostras obtidas. Apesar da aparente distinção observada por meio da técnica de agrupamento UPGMA, entre as populações de Grão Mogol e Montes Claros, com base nos resultados da Análise Heterozigosidade de Weir (1996), não há divergência genética significativa entre populações. Os valores de fluxo gênico (Nm) obtidos foram extremamente altos indicando grande potencial panmítico, o que pode explicar a baixa divergência genética entre populações e o fato da maior parte da variação total está contida dentro delas. Adicionalmente, foram quantificados os teores de fenóis totais e, verificadas médias de 18,58% nas cascas, 14,27% nos frutos e 9,35% nas folhas. De forma geral, as cascas são mais recomendadas na obtenção de matéria prima e, acredita-se que estratégias visando a conservação da diversidade genética de S. adstringens impliquem na manutenção de populações com grande número de indivíduos.
23

Komplexní analýza léčivých rostlin a jejich potenciál při využití v potravinářském průmyslu / Complex characterisation of medical herbs and study of their utilization in food industry as a source of functional components

Burdějová, Lenka January 2018 (has links)
Presented thesis deals with the complex characterization of extracts from medical plants using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, with emphasis on the influence of solvent, post-harvest treatment of the sample, location and year of production on selected parameters. Part of the work is devoted to application of selected extracts from medical plants in suitable form into beverages. The thesis is divided into two parts. At the first part of the work combination of electron paramagnetic resonance, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was applied for characterization of aqueous, ethanol and dimethylsulfoxide extracts from 10 selected medical plants, which were collected from two different locations during two years (2015, 2016) and post-harvestly treated by two ways (freezing, drying). In total, 39 parameters were determinated: namely total phenolic compounds content, total flavonoids content, 14 specific phenolic compounds, colour characteristics in the CIE L*a*b* system (L *, a*, b *, C*, h°, BI), radical-quenching activity using the cation radical of the 2,2'-azino-bis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity using the spin trapping technique in the presence of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolin-N-oxide (DMPO)/potassium peroxodisulphate and content of 15 minerals (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Pb, Zn). The results confirmed that the studied parameters of medical plants are influenced by the extraction system, post-harvest treatment of samples, year of production, origin of samples (locality) and species composition. It has been shown that the type of extraction solvent significantly affects the composition of the extracts. On the basis of these analyzes, for food application – the isolation of the main functional components (phenolic compounds, flavonoids) –50% ethanol, post harvest treatment by drying and samples of Mentha piperita, Melissa officinalis, Hypericum perforatum and Salvia officinalis were selected. The second part of the thesis was focused on the application of selected extracts of medical plants to beverages (syrups). The above mentioned plants, 25% ethanol instead of 50% ethanol (due to the limitation of the ethanol content in final raw material), were selected for the application. At first, extraction of medical plants was optimized. Suitable ratio of material and solvent (1:10), extraction time (8 h) and herb absorbency (50–62 %) were determined. The prepared extract after filtration was applied to the syrup concentrate in different ratios to produce one-species syrups and further sensorially tested to select the suitable recipe, the best flavour and basis for the production of two-species syrups. The mint syrup was the most tasty and generally the most acceptable one-species syrup, and sage syrup was selected as the basis for two-species syrups. Further, the most appropriate recipes of the two-species syrups were chosen, the most sensorially acceptable one was selected and further tested if it would be appropriate to colour them. Preferentially, it has been found that it is not necessary to colour two-species syrups. On the basis of the sensory analysis, it has been found that peppermint and sage-peppermint syrups were the most tasty and acceptable syrups, which could be, after further testing, produced industrially to enrich the food market.
24

Avaliação do teor e da composição quimica do oleo essencial de plantas medicinais submetidas a processos de secagem e armazenamento

Silva, Franceli da 22 February 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Kil Jin Park / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T17:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_Francelida_D.pdf: 2636831 bytes, checksum: b62ffc8d2eda94de17cee0e541f7b44b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: No Brasil o uso terapêutico de plantas medicinais está cada vez mais crescente. Várias empresas nacionais e internacionais empregam matéria-prima vegetal na elaboração de seus produtos, o que torna indispensável o cultivo comercial e o beneficiamento pós-colheita destas espécies. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudo pós-colheita de duas espécies medicinais de importância econômica, a calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) e a carqueja (Baccharis genistelloides var. trimera (Less). Baker var. trimera (Less). Backer). Nas duas espécies foi avaliado o melhor processo de secagem, utilizando três diferentes secadores, secador convectivo vertical, secador a gás e estufa com circulação forçada de ar, em três diferentes temperaturas, 30, 45 e 60°C, bem como o armazenamento das mesmas em três embalagens diferentes, polietileno de baixa densidade, vidro e papel kraft. Os processos de secagem foram avaliados em função do teor de óleo essencial de cada espécie e sua composição química. As isotermas e as curvas de secagem foram levantadas e tratadas com os modelos matemáticos, Bet, Bet linear, Peleg. Gab, Hasley, Lagmuir, Oswin, Henderson e Chung. As diferentes temperaturas não interferiram nos parâmetros avaliados, quanto ao óleo de calêndula, em todos os secadores, mas diferiram entre os diferentes secadores utilizados, sendo que, entre os secadores o que manteve os maiores teores de óleo de calêndula foi o secador convectivo vertical. No caso da carqueja, não houve diferenças relacionadas com as temperaturas e nem com os tipos de secadores. Ao longo do armazenamento, a embalagem Kraft foi a que melhor preservou a integridade física e química do produto, assim como, manteve o teor de óleo ao longo de um ano de armazenamento nas duas espécies / Abstract: In Brazil, the therapeutical use of medicinal plants is increasing each time. Some national and international companies use vegetal raw material in the elaboration of its products, so the commercial cultivation and the improvement of harvest of these species becomes indispensable. The objective of this work was to study post-harvest of two medicinal species with economic importance: calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) and carqueja (Baccharis genistelloides var. trimera (Less). Baker). In these two species the best process of drying was evaluated, using three different dryers, convective vertical dryer, the gas dryer, and oven with forced air circulation, with three different temperatures, 30, 45 and 60°C, as well as using three different packing materials: polyethylene of low density, glass and kraft paper. The drying processes was evaluated in relation of the essential oil and its chemical composition of species. The isotherms and the drying curves were obtained and treated with mathematical model, Bet, Bet linear, Peleg. Gab, Hasley, Lagmuir, Oswin, Henderson e Chung. The differents temperatures did not show the difference in the process of drying in calendula in each different driers, but they differed among the driers, and the drier that kept more oil content of calendula was the convective vertical dryer. In the case of carqueja, no differences were found in the different temperatures or the different driers used in drying. During the storage, the kraft packing material was the one that better preserved the physical and chemical integrity of the product, as well as, it kept the oil content throughout one year of storage time for these two species / Doutorado / Tecnologia Pós-Colheita / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
25

Estudo morfoanatômico, avaliação da atividade biológica e composição química e variabilidade do óleo essencial da Memora nodosa (SILVA MANSO) Miers - Bignoniaceae / Morphological and anatomical study, evaluation of biological activity and chemical composition and variability of essential oil Memora Nodosa (Silva Manso) Miers - Bignoniaceae

TRESVENZOL, Leonice Manrique Faustino 18 December 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:10:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese M nodosa Final I.pdf: 3081089 bytes, checksum: 1751ddbcf974cb6b37ba7e8b90043507 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-18 / Memora nodosa (Silva Manso) Miers is a native savannah plant popularly used for wound cicatrization (leaves and stems) and for treating abdominal pains and scabies (roots). The purpose of this work is to study the morphoanatomy and determine the composition and variability of the constituents of the essential oil obtained from the M. nodosa leaves, as well as its antimicrobial, leishmanicidal, cicatrizing activity and toxicity. Morphologically, M. nodosa is a bush with clumps of straight or curved stems. It has a deep, pivoting root and presents a chandelier shaped structure in the upper part from where the stems sprout. It presents compound, bipinnate, imparipinnate, oppositely crossed leaves. The inflorescence is racemose with golden-yellow flowers. It is characterized by septifrague capsule type fruit with replum and winged seeds. Anatomically the leaves are hypostomatic with predominantly paracytic stomates. The epidermis is uniseriate with a thick cuticle and glandular trichomes throughout the structure of the young leaves. The essential oil from the M. nodosa leaves collected from seven different locations in the Brazilian savannah was analyzed by GC(FID) and GC/MS. Five substances were identified, benzaldehyde and 1- octene-3-ol were the main constituents. Two different classes regarding sampling location and constituents were identified by means of the principal component and grouping analyses. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extracts from leaves, stems, roots and of essential oil from leaves, and the fractions obtained from the roots, were assessed against Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as the Candida albicans fungus, using well diffusion test and the agar dilution method. The ethanolic extract from the roots presented small antimicrobial activity while the hexane and dichloromethane fractions obtained from this extract presented MIC 0.39 mg/mL and 0.78 mg/mL against a number of Gram-positive bacteria and the Candida albicans fungus. The essential oil presented MIC 0.78 mg/mL to 1.56 mg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was the result of synergic action between the benzaldehyde, 1-octene-3-ol, 1-octanol, linalool and the mandelonitrile, constituents of the essential oil. Promastigote forms of Leishmania chagasi were used for the leishmanicidal assessment and it was verified that the ethanol extract from the leaves presented an IC50 of 93.2 μg/mL and from the roots presented an IC50 of 95.87 μg/mL. The hexane fraction from the roots presented an IC50 of 13.51μg/mL. A mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol was isolated and identified in the hexane fraction obtained from the ethanol extract from the roots. This mixture was tested against L. chagasi resulting in an IC50 of 69.79 μg/mL. The cicatrizing activity of the ethanol extract from the leaves and roots was assessed on skin wounds in rats, and it be noted reepithelization occurred faster only in the group treated with a 2% aqueous solution of the ethanol extract from the roots. This action may be related to the alantoine isolated in the ethanol extract from the roots. The toxicity assessment of the ethanol extracts from roots, leaves and hexane fraction obtained from M . nodosa roots, tested on rats, mice and Artemia salina proved that this plant is not potentially toxic. In conclusion, according to the tests performed, the best results were obtained with ethanolic extract and it presented antimicrobial, wound cicatrization and leishmanicidal activities. Hexane and dichloromethane fractions obtained from roots extract presented antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and the Candida albicans fungus and hexane fraction strong leishmanicidal activity. / A Memora nodosa (Silva Manso) Miers é uma planta nativa do Cerrado e utilizada popularmente na cicatrização de feridas (folhas e caules) e no tratamento de dores abdominais e sarnas (raízes). Este trabalho objetivou realizar o estudo morfoanatômico, determinar a composição química e a variabilidade dos constituintes do óleo essencial obtido das folhas e avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, leishmanicida e cicatrizante e a toxicidade dos extratos e frações da M. nodosa. Morfologicamente, observou-se que a M. nodosa é um arbusto com caules retos ou escandentes reunidos em touceiras. A raiz é pivotante, profunda e apresenta, na parte superior, uma estrutura em candelabro de onde se originam os caules. As folhas são opostas cruzadas, recompostas, bipinadas, imparipinadas, com foliólulos lanceolados. A inflorescência é racemosa com flores de cor amarelo-ouro. O fruto é do tipo cápsula septífraga com abertura longitudinal e sementes aladas. Anatomicamente, as folhas são hipoestomáticas, com estômatos predominantemente paracíticos. A epiderme é unisseriada, com cutícula espessa em todas as estruturas das folhas. Tricomas glandulares e tectores são observados nas folhas e caules jovens. O óleo essencial das folhas da M. nodosa coletadas em sete localidades diferentes do Cerrado brasileiro foi analisado por CG (DIC) e CG/EM. Cinco substâncias foram identificadas, sendo o benzaldeído e o 1-octen-3-ol os principais constituintes. A análise dos componentes principais e dos agrupamentos possibilitou a distinção de duas classes diferenciadas em relação ao local da amostragem e aos constituintes. As atividades antimicrobianas dos extratos etanólicos das folhas, dos caules e das raízes, do óleo essencial das folhas e das frações obtidas das raízes foram avaliadas usando teste de difusão em poço e o método de diluição em ágar. O extrato etanólico das raízes apresentou atividade antimicrobiana fraca, enquanto as frações hexano e diclorometano, obtidas desse extrato, mostraram atividade de forte a moderada contra várias bactérias Gram-positivas e contra o fungo Candida albicans. O óleo essencial obtido das folhas apresentou CIM de 0,78 mg/mL a 1,56 mg/mL contra bactérias Gram-positivas e Candida albicans. Constatou-se que a atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial se deve a ação sinérgica entre o benzaldeído, o 1- octen-3-ol, o 1-octanol, o linalol e a mandelonitrila, constituintes do óleo essencial. A atividade cicatrizante dos extratos etanólicos das folhas e raízes foi avaliada em feridas cutâneas de ratos e observou-se uma aceleração na reepitelização apenas no grupo tratado com solução aquosa a 2% do extrato etanólico das raízes. Essa ação pode estar relacionada com a alantoína, isolada do extrato etanólico das raízes. Na avaliação da atividade leihsmanicida, empregaram-se culturas com formas promastigotas de Leishmania chagasi e verificou-se que o extrato etanólico das folhas apresentou IC50 de 93,2 μg/mL e as raízes IC50 de 95,87 μg/mL. A fração hexano obtida das raízes apresentou IC50 de 13,51 μg/mL. Da fração hexano obtida do extrato etanólico das raízes foi isolado e identificado uma mistura de β-sitosterol e estigmasterol. Essa mistura foi testada contra L. chagasi, obtendo-se IC50 de 69,79 μg/mL. A avaliação da toxicidade aguda dos extratos etanólicos das folhas, das raízes e da fração hexano obtidas das raízes empregando como modelos experimentais ratos e camundongos e o teste de citotoxicidade utilizando Artemia salina mostraram que essa planta não é potencialmente tóxica. Conclui-se que os melhores resultados foram obtido com extrato etanólico das raízes, que apresentou atividade antimicrobiana, cicatrizante e leishmanicida.As frações hexano e diclorometano, obtidas das raízes, apresentaram bom potencial antimicrobiano contra bactérias Gram-positivas e o fungo C. albicans e a fração hexano forte atividade leishmnicida.

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