Univ., Diss--Heidelberg, 2002. / Quellen- und Literaturverz. S. 229 - 241.

This research was developed and presented to Program of Graduate Studies in Education, Education Center, University Federal of Santa Maria, Research Line of Knowledge and Professional Development, as Doctoral Thesis. Started from a concern on the part of the author, himself a medical teaching in this institution, with respect to how a subject became a physician, a teacher and a teaching physician, if this is a process that carries a certain linearity or how it happens. Based on the concepts of Imaginary by Cornelius Castoriadis in which would be insured and on which act one habitus medicus - coming from the concept of Pierre Bourdieu's habitus - the research was directed to a holding with a group of medical school of this university attempting to access some views present in their imaginaries of these research subjects, mainly focusing attention on the construction and operation of a habitus medicus structuring role of these imaginary, individual and social. The methodology consisted of semi-structured interviews which were then subjected to content analysis. The consequent discussion with the categorization and unitarization of the corpus concluded that it is possible to identify a habitus medicus in research subjects, whose construction begins early, when entering to the undergraduate course in medicine, usually in the shadow of an habitus medicus of another teacher, older and influential, slowly and inexorably, leading to determine how to give future medical teacher's performance. The work of professionals, contrary initial expectations of the author of this thesis itself, does not put as opposed medical functions and teaching, but rather put them in line, inseparably united both technical and pedagogical teaching performance, varying only the intensity with which one or another aspect shown. Do evidenced by professors, research subjects, is the idea that their educational didactic training is deficient, as they themselves recognize, requiring major institutional actions to get around this. The adoption of the idea that there is a habitus medicus active in these individuals, giving the process a different dynamic, making that future actions implemented within the medical education 's universe could be reconfigured. / Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida e apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, do Centro de Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, na Linha de Formação, Saberes e Desenvolvimento Profissional, como Tese de Doutorado. Partiu de uma inquietação por parte do autor, ele mesmo um docente médico da instituição, com relação à forma como se constituem o médico, o docente e o docente médico, se este é um processo que guarda uma certa linearidade ou como ele se dá. Partindo dos conceitos de Imaginário de Cornelius Castoriadis no qual estaria inscrito e sobre o qual atuaria um habitus medicus - conceito oriundo do habitus de Pierre Bourdieu a pesquisa direcionou-se para uma exploração junto a um grupo de docentes médicos desta universidade intentando acessar algumas concepções presentes no imaginário destes sujeitos de pesquisa, focando principalmente a atenção na construção e atuação de um habitus medicus com função estruturante destes imaginários, individuais e sociais. A metodologia adotada consistiu na realização de entrevistas semi estruturadas que posteriormente foram submetidas a uma análise de conteúdo. Da discussão decorrente da categorização e unitarização do corpus concluiu-se que é possível sim identificar um habitus medicus nos sujeitos de pesquisa, habitus medicus este cuja construção se inicia precocemente, ao adentrar-se ao curso de graduação em medicina, geralmente à sombra do habitus medicus de um outro professor, mais velho e influente, paulatina e inexoravelmente, levando a determinar como se dará a futura atuação do docente médico. A atuação dos profissionais, contrariando algumas das expectativas iniciais do próprio autor desta Tese, não coloca em oposição as funções de médico e de docente, mas antes as colocam em consonância, indissociavelmente unidas tanto na atuação técnica quanto didático pedagógica, variando apenas a intensidade com a qual um ou outro aspecto se mostra. Do evidenciado pelos docentes médicos, sujeitos de pesquisa, fica a ideia de que a sua formação didático pedagógica é deficitária, conforme eles mesmos reconhecem, sendo necessárias maiores ações institucionais no sentido de contornar esta situação. A adoção da ideia de que há um habitus medicus atuante nestes indivíduos, conferindo ao processo uma dinâmica diferenciada, poderá fazer com que, futuramente, as ações implementadas dentro do universo do ensino médico sejam reconfiguradas.

A philosophical and scientific eclectic, Dr. Friedrich Hoffmann (1660-1742) brought together the wisdom of ancient writers with the new science and philosophy of his day. In the Medicus Politicus (The Politic Physician) (1738) he applied his concepts to medicine and medical ethics. The Medicus Politicus contains the lecture notes of Hoffmann as first professor of medicine at the University of Halle. The work is divided into three parts: the personal characteristics required by the new politic physician; the physician's relationship with other members of the medical community (often competitors); and the patient-physician relationship. This dissertation provides the first comprehensive English-language philosophical analysis and commentary on this work. It addresses two issues found in the Medicus Politicus: Hoffmann's model for the new physician and the medical ethics required in the patient-physician relationship. The political, intellectual and religious upheavals of the Long Eighteenth Century inform the work of Hoffmann. Physicians were not yet considered professionals and competed with the untrained. The new Hoffmannian physician would change that and would develop the personal qualities that were found in the professions of theology and law. Specifically, the Hoffmannian physician would be moral, rational and clinically competent. Hoffmann provided two independent but harmonious foundations to justify these requirements: one theological and one rational. Specifically, Hoffmann was an enthusiastic Pietist, a Natural Law theorist and an evidence-based scientist. His applied ethics is one of the most complete systems ever found in the medical clinical setting as it addresses each stage of the healing process. The focus of the patient-physician relationship is trust and trustworthiness. The physician is trustworthy when he is compassionate and competent. Patient and physician work together towards a mutual goal of the patient's healing. The judgments of both patient and physician are directed by prudence--seeking that which preserves society and individuals. This very mature concept of the ethics of the patient-physician relationship founded on trust and trustworthiness is the basis of modern concepts of patient, fiduciary trust, medical ethics and medicine as a profession. / text

Le Corrector sive Medicus est un pénitentiel rédigé par Burchard, évêque de Worms (1000-1025). Il s’agit d’un manuel destiné à guider les confesseurs lors de l’administration du sacrement de pénitence. Intégré dans le Decretum, l’œuvre majeure de Burchard, il compte parmis les pénitentiels les plus illustres. Il contient notamment un questionnaire très élaboré sur les péchés commis par les fidèles. Les 194 questions du Corrector sive Medicus constituent l’objet d’étude de ce mémoire. Entre le VIIe et le XIIe siècle, les pénitentiels forment une longue tradition littéraire où les textes se répètent constamment. Le questionnaire du Corrector sive Medicus se distingue du fait qu’il est rédigé en grande partie par Burchard lui-même. Les détails précis sur les survivances païennes et la religion populaire que l’évêque introduit dans son pénitentiel permettent, comme aucune autre source de la période, une analyse ethno-historique de la culture germanique. La première partie du mémoire est consacrée à la présentation du Corrector sive Medicus : j’y décris d’abord le contexte historique et biographique de l’œuvre, puis discute d’une herméneutique littéraire, pour enfin proposer une synthèse diachronique des traditions germaniques. La deuxième partie offre, pour la première fois en français, la traduction intégrale du questionnaire de Burchard, accompagnée de commentaires sur différents sujets ou problèmes soulevés par le texte, notamment ceux qui concernent la culture germanique. Finalement sont placés en annexe quelques documents qui témoignent, tout comme le Corrector sive Medicus, d’un syncrétisme religieux profondément enraciné dans les mœurs des Germains. / The Corrector sive Medicus is a penitential written by Burchard, the bishop of Worms (1000-1025). It is a book used by confessors to guide them when they must administer the Sacrament of Penance. It has been fully integrated into Burchard's greatest work, the Decretum, and is amongst the most complete of the known penitentials. It is mainly composed of an elaborate set of questions about the sins committed by the Church's followers. This thesis' subject matter regards the Corrector sive Medicus' 194 questions. Between the seventh and the twelfth century, penitentials were a literary tradition where texts were continuously reused. The Corrector sive Medicus' series of questions distinguishes itself from this because it mainly originates from Burchard himself. He introduces in his penitential precise details about pagan survivals and the popular religion that allow, more than any literary source of the time, an ethnohistorical analysis of Germanic culture. The first section of this thesis is dedicated to presenting the Corrector sive Medicus. I first describe the historical and biographical context surrounding its creation, then explain my method of analysis for the penitential, and finally propose a diachronic summary of Germanic traditions. The second section offers, for the first time in French, a complete translation of Burchard's series of questions, as well as comments pertaining to different themes or problems raised by it, most notably those concerning Germanic culture. Finally, some documents are appended to this thesis that show, similarly to the Corrector sive Medicus, a deeply rooted religious syncretism.

Le Corrector sive Medicus est un pénitentiel rédigé par Burchard, évêque de Worms (1000-1025). Il s’agit d’un manuel destiné à guider les confesseurs lors de l’administration du sacrement de pénitence. Intégré dans le Decretum, l’œuvre majeure de Burchard, il compte parmis les pénitentiels les plus illustres. Il contient notamment un questionnaire très élaboré sur les péchés commis par les fidèles. Les 194 questions du Corrector sive Medicus constituent l’objet d’étude de ce mémoire. Entre le VIIe et le XIIe siècle, les pénitentiels forment une longue tradition littéraire où les textes se répètent constamment. Le questionnaire du Corrector sive Medicus se distingue du fait qu’il est rédigé en grande partie par Burchard lui-même. Les détails précis sur les survivances païennes et la religion populaire que l’évêque introduit dans son pénitentiel permettent, comme aucune autre source de la période, une analyse ethno-historique de la culture germanique. La première partie du mémoire est consacrée à la présentation du Corrector sive Medicus : j’y décris d’abord le contexte historique et biographique de l’œuvre, puis discute d’une herméneutique littéraire, pour enfin proposer une synthèse diachronique des traditions germaniques. La deuxième partie offre, pour la première fois en français, la traduction intégrale du questionnaire de Burchard, accompagnée de commentaires sur différents sujets ou problèmes soulevés par le texte, notamment ceux qui concernent la culture germanique. Finalement sont placés en annexe quelques documents qui témoignent, tout comme le Corrector sive Medicus, d’un syncrétisme religieux profondément enraciné dans les mœurs des Germains. / The Corrector sive Medicus is a penitential written by Burchard, the bishop of Worms (1000-1025). It is a book used by confessors to guide them when they must administer the Sacrament of Penance. It has been fully integrated into Burchard's greatest work, the Decretum, and is amongst the most complete of the known penitentials. It is mainly composed of an elaborate set of questions about the sins committed by the Church's followers. This thesis' subject matter regards the Corrector sive Medicus' 194 questions. Between the seventh and the twelfth century, penitentials were a literary tradition where texts were continuously reused. The Corrector sive Medicus' series of questions distinguishes itself from this because it mainly originates from Burchard himself. He introduces in his penitential precise details about pagan survivals and the popular religion that allow, more than any literary source of the time, an ethnohistorical analysis of Germanic culture. The first section of this thesis is dedicated to presenting the Corrector sive Medicus. I first describe the historical and biographical context surrounding its creation, then explain my method of analysis for the penitential, and finally propose a diachronic summary of Germanic traditions. The second section offers, for the first time in French, a complete translation of Burchard's series of questions, as well as comments pertaining to different themes or problems raised by it, most notably those concerning Germanic culture. Finally, some documents are appended to this thesis that show, similarly to the Corrector sive Medicus, a deeply rooted religious syncretism.

Main topic of this work is to analyze language elements used in the legend from baroque period and that from the complete conception on the gross information contents this work and characteristic features of phonetics and morfology. No research in the field of syntax and lexicology was made at this point (our final work would be to extensive). The complete interpretation refers to father Jiří David´s baroque legend Medicus Hercinius, {\dots} dated 1713. First part we apply to common informations about the author, about the period, in which he lived and wrote his legend, and about his contemporaries. We describe the legendistic literature and conditions to her expansibility in our country, the life of saint Gunther then and the substance of whole David´s work in general. There are important informations about noted humanismus and baroque authors in next two chapters. We describe individual phenomens of two language levels phonetics and morfology then, especially with regard to theory and practice. Principal aim of my work is to contribute to o deeper understanding of Czech language from the late baroque.

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