Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:11:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jakson Ferreira de Alencar.pdf: 2580448 bytes, checksum: e9038b88d46575aa8389ef7a2ea05259 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-10 / The study describes and analyzes the Folha de S. Paulo newspaper coverage in the 2010 presidential elections and their counterparts in blogosphere sectors. Although it declares itself as neutral, impartial and pluralist, the newspaper made a clear, even if not taken, option party in the elections against Dilma Rousseff candidate and in favor of José Serra. Through field study conducted during the pre-campaign and the election campaign, the research shows this option, often performing without taking into account the actual newspaper Redaction Manual. At the same time, the negative issues for José Serra candidacy were silenced. Sporadically, candidate minor flaws were showed to maintain the newspaper impartially appearance, while more serious problems were hidden which could become news agenda. The starting point, described in the first chapter, it´s the newspaper episode publication of a statement attributed to the dictatorship military archives, which later it was descovered to be false, with crimes associated to Dilma Rousseff Minister correlated matters, which considered the counter-violence against the dictatorial regime as ―terrorism‖ and common crime. The newspaper positions, in this case, left no doubts as to its choice in partisan elections. It unfolds in a serious of other evidences occurred in the pre-campaign and the campaign, especially the huge amount of scandals and factoids associated with Rousseff application. The information provided by the newspaper are confronted with denials, analysis and counter-information carried under the so-called blogosphere out. The research contextualizes the 2010 year newspaper political option in its history and in the press history in the country and it concludes with an analysis of the role, the low quality journalistic and the Folha de S Paulo credibility loss in the studied period. The methodology combines a literature review and a field research, basing on the theory about Muniz Sodré facts narration and on theories about the scheduling and silencing themes by communication media (Gatekeeper, Agenda setting, Silence Spiral and Reality Social Construction) and on the information propagation strength (memes theory spreaded information minimum units, by Richard Dawkins), relying also on Vladimir Safatle reflection on cynical reason, this mask insincerity, hypocrisy and bad faith, leading the subjects to see as rational these social bonds subjectivity / A pesquisa descreve e analisa a cobertura do jornal Folha de S. Paulo nas eleições presidenciais de 2010 e seus contrapontos em setores da blogosfera. Embora se declare como neutro, imparcial e pluralista, o jornal fez uma evidente, mesmo que não assumida, opção partidária nas eleições, contra a candidata Dilma Rousseff e a favor de José Serra. Por meio de estudo de campo realizado no período da pré-campanha e da campanha eleitoral, a pesquisa demonstra essa opção, realizada muitas vezes sem levar em consideração o próprio Manual de Redação do jornal. Ao mesmo tempo, os temas negativos para a candidatura de José Serra eram silenciados. Esporadicamente, se mostravam pequenas falhas do candidato de modo a manter a aparência de imparcialidade do jornal, enquanto se ocultavam os problemas mais graves, que poderiam virar pauta jornalística. O ponto de partida, descrito no primeiro capítulo, é o episódio da publicação, no jornal, de uma ficha atribuída aos arquivos da ditadura militar, que depois foi descoberta como falsa, com crimes associados à então ministra Dilma Rousseff e matérias correlatas, que consideravam a contra-violência em relação ao regime ditatorial como ―terrorismo‖ e criminalidade comum. Os posicionamentos do jornal, nesse caso, não deixaram dúvidas quanto a sua opção partidária nas eleições. Isso se desdobra em uma série de outras evidências ocorridas na pré-campanha e na campanha, sobretudo a enorme quantidade de escândalos e factoides associados à candidatura de Dilma Rousseff. As informações fornecidas pelo jornal são confrontadas com desmentidos, análises e contra-informações realizadas no âmbito da chamada blogosfera. A pesquisa contextualiza a opção política do jornal em 2010 em sua história e na história da imprensa no país, e conclui-se com uma análise sobre o papel, a baixa qualidade jornalística e a perda de credibilidade da Folha de S. Paulo no período estudado. A metodologia combina revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, embasando-se na teoria sobre a narração dos fatos de Muniz Sodré e em teorias sobre o agendamento e silenciamento de temas pelos meios de comunicação (Gatekeeper, Agenda setting, Espiral do silêncio e Construção social da realidade) e sobre a força de propagação da informação (teoria dos memes ― unidades mínimas de informação propagáveis, de Richard Dawkins), apoiando-se também na reflexão de Vladimir Safatle sobre razão cínica, que mascara a insinceridade, a hipocrisia, a má-fé, levando os sujeitos a ver como racionais esses modos de subjetivação de vínculos sociais

The purpose of this study was to discover whether the phrase "men are from Mars, women are from Venus,” from John Gray’s book, had become a meme and to explore what its usage implied. Analysis of 510 references was guided by grounded theory. Coding over a decade of newspaper usage of the phrase into seven emergent themes allowed examination of usage against the theories of gender research, communication research, media research and meme theory research. This analysis revealed that this phrase meets the requirements to be considered a meme, and as a meme it has successfully assisted the survival, evolution and permeance of Gray’s premise that communication differences are inherent and immutable. While this premise is not based on established clinical and academic principles, it is an example of how incorrect and baseless ideas can displace good reasoned thinking based on research.

As social media has emerged to become a key site for contemporary communications and cultural production, the internet meme has penetrated every level of social networking online. Albeit being a global phenomenon with pervasive discursive power in a number of fields ranging from humour to international politics and cyber warfare, comparatively little research has been made into how internet memes work on the discursive level of identity formation and their influence on the formation of internet-based social movements. Using Reddit stock market anarchists r/WallStreetBets as case study, this thesis will use Critical Discourse Analysis to analyze how internet memes work on the level of socio-political formations and how their function can be understood in relation to entropic social environments online. This thesis investigates how internet memes are used as a tool for creation of motifs for action, identity markers, connective action, and social narrativization within an ambivalent social movement online. Introducing the novel term ”memetic discourse” as a way to understand memes as transferable units of memetically programmed content, this study shows the potential of memes to act as effective yet unstable modes of communication within networked environments.

This diploma thesis deals with the phenomenon of Internet memes. The theory of memes came from the evolutionary biologist R. Dawkins in the late 1970s, as a cultural analogy of genes. Decades later, the term "meme" began to appear in Internet culture in conjuction with Internet jokes. This thesis works with the concepts of meme, virality, spreadable media and media convegence. All of these terms define the current Internet environment. The diploma thesis is based mainly on books by L. Shifman: Memes in Digital Culture, H. Jenkins: Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide and Spreadable Media: Creating Value and Meaning in a Networked Culture (co-authored) and K. Nahon and J. Hemsley: Going Viral. This diploma thesis deals with the definition of the term meme and its differentiation from the term virality, because for the average Internet user, these two terms are synonymous. The thesis describes meme genres, phases of the creation of Internet memes, which arise mainly from spreadble media and on the basis of which principles are memes created and what factors contribute to their spread in cyberspace. The analytical part consists of a contextual analysis of selected Internet memes, which demonstrates how digital manipulation changes the context of memes in which the meme can be used and how this...

A rising problem exists regarding the ownership of memes. This research proposes a solution consisting of an IT artefact that solves this problem by utilising design science research in combination with affordance theory and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). This artefact is designed by identifying the problem areas and creating affordances that guide the design process, using the design science research methodology by Peffers et al. (2007). The artefact is evaluated and considered a potential solution to the problem with meme ownership. The affordances are connected to the designed features and offer contributions in the form of a novel artefact and documented design processes. By using affordance theory as a lens to help the design, further research can build upon this idea and expand research by combining design science with affordances. The practical implementation of NFTs gives insights into how NFTs can be applied in the case of tokenising digital goods and allows people without knowledge of blockchains to participate.

Nous proposons de concevoir et développer un outil permettant d’analyser la diffusion d’information sur les services de réseaux sociaux en ligne grâce au traitement et à la visualisation de données. Fruit d’une réflexion méthodologique, ce dispositif permet d’observer les relations entre les dimensions conversationnelles, sémantiques, temporelles et géographiques des actes de communication en ligne. Courts messages se propageant rapidement sur la Toile selon des modèles encore mal connus, les mèmes Internet comptent parmi les contenus les plus prisés sur les plate-formes web. Les mèmes Internet circulant sur le service de microblog chinois Sina Weibo articulent notamment discussions personnelles, débats sociétaux et vastes campagnes médiatiques. Mobilisant des méthodes issues de l’analyse des réseaux et du traitement automatisé de la langue chinoise, nous procédons à l’analyse d’un vaste corpus de 200 millions de messages représentant l’activité sur Sina Weibo durant l’année 2012. Notre première tâche consiste à identifier des mèmes dans ce large ensemble de données. L’identification de mèmes dans un ensemble de messages est notamment possible grâce à un algorithme de détection non supervisé. Néanmoins, le volume de calculs nécessaires pour obtenir des résultats fiables sur un large corpus nous amène à abandonner cette approche, montrant par là-même la complexité d’une définition intéressante de l’objet numérique composite mème. Notre seconde série d’analyses porte sur le volume de conversations entourant les hashtags du corpus. Les résultats montrent que les usages majoritaires de Sina Weibo sont similaires à ceux des médias traditionnels (publicité, divertissement, loisirs...). Néanmoins, nous écartons les hashtags comme représentants des mèmes Internet, artefacts d’usages commerciaux et stratégiques à la diffusion cadrée et planifiée. L’approche finalement retenue utilise la recherche par mots-clés pour constituer les corpus de messages décrivant une dizaine de mèmes sélectionnés dans la littérature académique et secondaire pour leurs intentions diverses : humour, actualité, scandale politique, faits divers et marketing promotionnel. S’inspirant de la critique des schémas théoriques de communication, une analyse des mots et des réseaux d’échanges entre utilisateurs met à jour les dynamiques discursives de chaque mème. L’organisation de ces informations selon un axe temporel dans un espace de visualisation interactif autorise une lecture détaillée de leur diffusion. La projection de ces réseaux conversationnels et lexicaux sur des cartes géographiques montre également les relations entre leurs aspects textuels et actuels. Les figures obtenues permettent d’ébaucher une typologie structurelle de la diffusion de ces contenus, montrant comment différents régimes d’expression cohabitent sur les réseaux sociaux. La tension entre énonciation et discours qui régit les plateformes Web se manifeste dans des motifs particuliers de circulation des contenus en ligne. Nous pouvons ainsi formuler des recommandations pour l’analyse et la conception de stratégies de communication en ligne d’organismes tant privés que publics. Néanmoins, le caractère exploratoire de cette étude et la difficulté de comprendre les actions humaines par une simple analyse de données nous invite à refuser une généralisation a priori des résultats, préférant considérer ce travail comme la première validation d’une méthodologie pouvant être étendue à d’autres formes de conversations en ligne. / We develop a data mining and visualisation toolkit to study how the information is shared on online social network services. This software allows to observe relationships between conversational, semantical, temporal and geographical dimensions of online communication acts. Internet memes are short messages that spread quickly through the Web. Following models that remain largely unknown, they articulate personal discussions, societal debates and large communication campaign. We analyse a set of Internet memes by using methods from social network analysis and Chinese natural language processing on a large corpus of 200 million tweets which represents/reflects the overall activity on the Chinese social network Sina Weibo in 2012. An interactive visualisation interface showing networks of words, user exchanges and their projections on geographical maps provides a detailed understanding of actual and textual aspects of each meme spread. An analysis of hashtags in the corpus shows that the main content from Sina Weibo is largely similar to the ones in traditional media (advertisement, entertainment, etc.). Therefore, we decided to not consider hashtags as memes representatives, being mostly byproducts of wellplanned strategic or marketingcampaigns. Our final approach studies a dozen of memes selected for the diversity of their topic: humor, political scandal, breaking news and marketing.

Тема выпускной квалификационной работы – интернет-мемы как трансляторы авто- и гетеростереотипов русских и американцев в социальных сетях. Цель данного исследования – изучение интернет-мемов, транслирующих этнические стереотипы русских и американцев, в свете теории креолизованного текста. Объектом исследования данной работы являются интернет-мемы креолизированного типа, т.е. мемы, которые состоят из двух негомогенных частей: вербальной (языковой, речевой) и невербальной (принадлежащей к другим знаковым системам, нежели естественный язык). В исследовании используется описательный (анализ, синтез, классификация) метод, метод компонентного анализа, методики исследования креолизованного текста, сопоставительный метод. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для формирования представления об этностереотипах в интернет-пространстве. / The topic of the present graduation thesis is “Internet memes as translators of auto- and hetero-stereotypes of Russians and Americans in social networks.”. The purpose of the investigation lies in study Internet memes that broadcast ethnic stereotypes of Russians and Americans in the light of the theory of creolized text. The subject of the research is Internet memes of the creolized type, i.e. memes, which consist of two inhomogeneous parts: verbal (linguistic, speech) and non-verbal (belonging to other sign systems than natural language). The research uses a descriptive method (analysis, synthesis, classification), component analysis method, research methods for creolized text, a comparative method. The research results can be used to form an idea of ethnic stereotypes in the Internet space.

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We chose to base our literature study on the meme phenomena. The meme is a portion of culture that is spread among us from mind to mind. Every time we learn something by copying others we use information that has been passed on from a previous person, that information can be seen as a meme. The theoretical frame for our methodology in our exam paper is founded on Forsberg och Wengström research on literature studies. Our aim is to describe to the reader in depth what a meme is and how they could be helpful in an academic and pedagogical setting.Our study will show how memes are seen predominantly as graphic designs and as artifacts for cultural representation parallel to their imagery. This means that the cultural reference is only clear to the beholder if they have corresponding prior knowledge to the reference.Our study will also show via concrete examples how this could be used in school settings and as pedagogical tools in the classroom.