A área de perfumaria no mundo vem se desenvolvendo a cada dia buscando maior conhecimento das matérias-primas aromáticas, desde suas reações, estabilidade até suas interações com o substrato onde é aplicado, sempre em busca do conhecimento de todas as variáveis que possam influenciar a relação perfume-substrato e a aceitação dos consumidores, medida por meio da avaliação sensorial. Apesar de muitos estudos sobre a relação perfume-pele, poucos envolveram a relação com ciclo menstrual. Neste estudo o objetivo foi correlacionar às análises sensorial e instrumental (medidas biomecânicas e cromatográficas), estudar as matérias-primas aromáticas em função do ciclo menstrual. O estudo envolveu indivíduos com idade entre 18-40 anos: 29 mulheres e 3 homens, estes usados como grupo controle. Cada voluntária teve 40 &#181;l da composição aromática Ciclo 1910 aplicado no antebraço, onde foram feitas as medidas biomecânicas (corneometria, sebumetria e TEWL) nos tempos inicial e 6h. Nos tempos inicial, 1.5h, 3h, 4,5h e 6h se auto-avaliaram sensorialmente a intensidade de perfume por meio de escala sensorial de magnitude rotulada (LMS) e foram coletados os compostos aromáticos liberados pela técnica de headspace e analisados por espectrometria com cromatografia a gás e detetor de massa (CGMS). Realizou-se também medidas biomecânicas de corneometria, sebumetria e TEWL interescapulares em 5 voluntárias nos tempos inicial e 6h para comparação. Os resultados obtidos foram que as fases do ciclo não interferiram nas variáveis biomecânicas (p>0,05) quando analisadas isoladamente. Para as medidas realizadas no antebraço, os índices de Corneometria (p<0,001) e TEWL (p: 0,011) na região tratada apresentou média maior que a do controle. A média dos índices de Corneometria e Sebumetria da região do antebraço tratada foi menor (p<0,001) que da região interescapular. Na análise cromatográfica não houve um padrão de resposta em diferentes fases do ciclo. As correlações entre a avaliação sensorial e instrumental (cromatografia e propriedades biomecânicas) não observaram nenhum nível de correlação (p>0,05). A Cromatografia (dados cromatográficos) foi maior na fase Folicular que nas fases Menstrual e Ovulatória (p=0,003), ao considerar como variável resposta em função do ciclo menstrual e da avaliação sensorial. Houve uma forte correlação positiva entre a análise sensorial e a avaliação na pele do homem (p<0,001). No entanto, o fator intrínseco do indivíduo Mulher influenciou na resposta, ocasionando grande variabilidade, porém percebeu-se claramente que os hormônios sexuais interferiram na resposta sensorial, cromatográfica e biomecânica da pele. / The perfumery in the world has been developed everyday bringing more knowledge about aromatic raw-materials, as from chemistry reactions, stability until their interactions with substrate where is applied, always looking for variables could influence in the relation perfume-substrate and consumer acceptability, measured by sensory evaluation. Despite a lot of studies were done on this subject, few involved effects as function of menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to correlate sensory and instrumental analysis (biomechanical and chromatographic measurements), to study the olfactory profile of raw materials in function of menstrual cycle. The study involved people with 18-40 years old: 29 volunteers, three men, who were used as control group. Each volunteer had 40 &#181;l of perfume applied on forearm, where were done Biomechanical measurements (Corneometer, Sebumeter and TEWL) at initial and 6h, At time initial, 1.5h, 3h, 4.5h and 6h; they did self-sensory assessment in perfume intensity in own forearm using labeled magnitude scale (LMS) and also where aromatic compounds released were collected by headspace technique spectrometry and gas chromatography with mass detector (CGMS). In addition, it was done biomechanical measurements (Corneometer, Sebumeter and TEWL) on interscapular region at initial and 6h for comparing. Resulting that the phases of the cycle did not affect the biomechanical variables (p > 0.05) when analyzed individually. For measurements in the forearm, Corneometry index (p < 0.001) and TEWL (p=0.011) in the treated area were higher than the control. The average of the Sebumetry, Corneometry indexes of the forearm treated was lower (p <0.001) than the interscapular region. In the analysis of chromatographic, there was a standard response at different stages of the menstrual cycle, however the analysis by individual had no a pattern response to the release of aromatic compounds. The correlations between sensory and instrumental (chromatography and biomechanical properties) did not observe any correlation (p> 0.05). But when considering chromatography as the response variable as a function of the menstrual cycle and the sensory evaluation, the follicular phase was higher than the Menstrual and Ovulatory phase (p=0.003). There was a strong positive correlation between sensory analysis and evaluation on men skin (p<0.001). However, the intrinsic factor of the individual woman influenced the response, leading to large response variability; however, see clearly that sex hormones interfere in the sensory response, chromatographic and biomechanics of the skin.

A área de perfumaria no mundo vem se desenvolvendo a cada dia buscando maior conhecimento das matérias-primas aromáticas, desde suas reações, estabilidade até suas interações com o substrato onde é aplicado, sempre em busca do conhecimento de todas as variáveis que possam influenciar a relação perfume-substrato e a aceitação dos consumidores, medida por meio da avaliação sensorial. Apesar de muitos estudos sobre a relação perfume-pele, poucos envolveram a relação com ciclo menstrual. Neste estudo o objetivo foi correlacionar às análises sensorial e instrumental (medidas biomecânicas e cromatográficas), estudar as matérias-primas aromáticas em função do ciclo menstrual. O estudo envolveu indivíduos com idade entre 18-40 anos: 29 mulheres e 3 homens, estes usados como grupo controle. Cada voluntária teve 40 &#181;l da composição aromática Ciclo 1910 aplicado no antebraço, onde foram feitas as medidas biomecânicas (corneometria, sebumetria e TEWL) nos tempos inicial e 6h. Nos tempos inicial, 1.5h, 3h, 4,5h e 6h se auto-avaliaram sensorialmente a intensidade de perfume por meio de escala sensorial de magnitude rotulada (LMS) e foram coletados os compostos aromáticos liberados pela técnica de headspace e analisados por espectrometria com cromatografia a gás e detetor de massa (CGMS). Realizou-se também medidas biomecânicas de corneometria, sebumetria e TEWL interescapulares em 5 voluntárias nos tempos inicial e 6h para comparação. Os resultados obtidos foram que as fases do ciclo não interferiram nas variáveis biomecânicas (p>0,05) quando analisadas isoladamente. Para as medidas realizadas no antebraço, os índices de Corneometria (p<0,001) e TEWL (p: 0,011) na região tratada apresentou média maior que a do controle. A média dos índices de Corneometria e Sebumetria da região do antebraço tratada foi menor (p<0,001) que da região interescapular. Na análise cromatográfica não houve um padrão de resposta em diferentes fases do ciclo. As correlações entre a avaliação sensorial e instrumental (cromatografia e propriedades biomecânicas) não observaram nenhum nível de correlação (p>0,05). A Cromatografia (dados cromatográficos) foi maior na fase Folicular que nas fases Menstrual e Ovulatória (p=0,003), ao considerar como variável resposta em função do ciclo menstrual e da avaliação sensorial. Houve uma forte correlação positiva entre a análise sensorial e a avaliação na pele do homem (p<0,001). No entanto, o fator intrínseco do indivíduo Mulher influenciou na resposta, ocasionando grande variabilidade, porém percebeu-se claramente que os hormônios sexuais interferiram na resposta sensorial, cromatográfica e biomecânica da pele. / The perfumery in the world has been developed everyday bringing more knowledge about aromatic raw-materials, as from chemistry reactions, stability until their interactions with substrate where is applied, always looking for variables could influence in the relation perfume-substrate and consumer acceptability, measured by sensory evaluation. Despite a lot of studies were done on this subject, few involved effects as function of menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to correlate sensory and instrumental analysis (biomechanical and chromatographic measurements), to study the olfactory profile of raw materials in function of menstrual cycle. The study involved people with 18-40 years old: 29 volunteers, three men, who were used as control group. Each volunteer had 40 &#181;l of perfume applied on forearm, where were done Biomechanical measurements (Corneometer, Sebumeter and TEWL) at initial and 6h, At time initial, 1.5h, 3h, 4.5h and 6h; they did self-sensory assessment in perfume intensity in own forearm using labeled magnitude scale (LMS) and also where aromatic compounds released were collected by headspace technique spectrometry and gas chromatography with mass detector (CGMS). In addition, it was done biomechanical measurements (Corneometer, Sebumeter and TEWL) on interscapular region at initial and 6h for comparing. Resulting that the phases of the cycle did not affect the biomechanical variables (p > 0.05) when analyzed individually. For measurements in the forearm, Corneometry index (p < 0.001) and TEWL (p=0.011) in the treated area were higher than the control. The average of the Sebumetry, Corneometry indexes of the forearm treated was lower (p <0.001) than the interscapular region. In the analysis of chromatographic, there was a standard response at different stages of the menstrual cycle, however the analysis by individual had no a pattern response to the release of aromatic compounds. The correlations between sensory and instrumental (chromatography and biomechanical properties) did not observe any correlation (p> 0.05). But when considering chromatography as the response variable as a function of the menstrual cycle and the sensory evaluation, the follicular phase was higher than the Menstrual and Ovulatory phase (p=0.003). There was a strong positive correlation between sensory analysis and evaluation on men skin (p<0.001). However, the intrinsic factor of the individual woman influenced the response, leading to large response variability; however, see clearly that sex hormones interfere in the sensory response, chromatographic and biomechanics of the skin.

Menstrual health management can be a difficulty for menstruating women and girls, especially in low- and middle-income countries or other areas of poverty. Menstruation being characterized by stigmatisation, myths and taboo makes it especially troublesome, preventing women and girls to handle their menstruation safely and with dignity. Male attitudes have been argued to play an important role in perpetuating these stigmas and taboos, yet little is known about them. This study sets out to investigate male menstrual knowledge and attitudes, the role of religion in shaping menstrual attitudes and the potential consequences for menstruating women and girls. Qualitative data from group interviews with 24 boys aged 15-19 in a Senior High School in Accra, Ghana is used as basis for analysis. The results are organised along three themes, reflecting the three sub-research questions guiding the study. Findings demonstrate how schoolboys have an elemental understanding of the physiological process of menstruation yet demonstrate a deep understanding of cultural restrictions and the way menstruation may be experienced. Attitudes contain both positive and negative elements, including menstruation as normal and natural on the one hand, and the menstruating girl as unclean and impure on the other. Religion seem to play in important role in perpetuating negative menstrual attitudes, reinforcing the idea of menstruation as impure and unclean. Potential consequences of these attitudes risk menstruation continuing being considered as unclean and impure in addition to be neglected as a “girl’s matter”. However, respondents also identified menstrual difficulties which may foster supportive involvement in menstruation. The findings suggest the importance of continuing to address the surrounding communities of menstruating women and girls, including within and outside of educational and religious institutions.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Restricted until May 2007. Bibliography: leaves 97-114.

Bakgrund: PMDS är en relativt okänd diagnos. Det är en progression av Premenstruellt syndrom (PMS) men allvarligare och är ibland invalidiserande för den som lider utav det. Prevalensen av PMDS är cirka fem procent av alla fertila kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka hur kvinnor med diagnosen PMDS upplevde hur det är att leva med diagnosen, vilken behandling de provat samt bemötandet som de fått i kontakt med vården. Metod: För att kunna besvara syftet så valdes en kvalitativ studie i form av intervjuer. Detta för att få en utökad förståelse kring PMDS och vad sjukdomen innebär. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade och sju kvinnor inkluderades i studien. Inklusionskriterierna för denna studie var kvinnor med diagnosen PMDS som har varit i kontakt med sjukvården och blivit diagnostiserade med sjukdomen. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman (2004). Resultat: PMDS tycks fortfarande vara en relativt okänd diagnos inom sjukvården och en del av informanterna var inte nöjda med vården de mottagit medan andra haft tur och hittat rätt väg på en gång. Det är en svår diagnos att leva med som inkräktar på såväl vardagsliv som arbetsliv och alla mänskliga relationer. Informanterna anser att en utökad förståelse och hjälp från vården skulle underlätta deras leverne. Slutsats: Mer kunskap krävs inom både vården och för samhället i stort då detta är en allvarlig diagnos som behöver upptäckas i tid så dessa kvinnor kan få rätt hjälp. Det är livsavgörande att kvinnor med diagnosen PMDS får de verktyg de behöver för att kunna leva ett fullvärdigt liv. / Background: PMDD is a relatively unknown diagnosis. There is a progression of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), but serious and sometimes debilitating for the sufferer out of it. The prevalence of PMDD is about five percent of all women of childbearing potential. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how women diagnosed with PMDD experienced how it is to live with the diagnosis, the treatment they have tried, and the response they got in contact with health services. Method: A qualitative survey based on interviews was made in order to comprehend the diagnosis PMDS and its symptoms. Seven women participated in semi-structured interviews. The terms and conditions in this survey included women diagnosed with PMDS by and in contact with the health care system. The interviews were analyzed in accordance to Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis. Results: The result indicated that PMDS is a relatively unknown condition within the health care system. Some of the informants were not pleased with the treatment given. Others received efficient treatment straight away. PMDS is burdensome to live with and it affects working life as well as social relations in common life. Conclusion: Acquaintance, both within the health care system and the society as a whole, is crucial for women diagnosed with PMDS. PMDS is a serious diagnosis which has to be discovered early in order to give these women efficient treatment. It is essential that women diagnosed with PMDS get efficient tools to handle their diagnosis in order to live vital lives.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1991.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1991.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Supervisor: Eun-Ok Im. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.