Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende grundar sig ofta i att en människa mår psykiskt dåligt och genom att skada sig själva vill de dämpa den ångest som detta medför. En stigmatisering i såväl samhället som inom vården finns och att möta dessa människor upplevs som skrämmande. Stigmatiseringen bidrar till att ämnet blir tabubelagt och det är svårt att söka den hjälp som behövs. Syfte: Att beskriva upplevelsen av att leva med självskadebeteende. Metod: Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där bloggar har analyserats. Resultat: Analysen av datamaterialet har genererat i olika teman enligt följande: en ständig närvaro av ångest, att fysisk behandla sig själv för att hantera ångest, oavbruten planering av att skada sig själv, kastas mellan känslor – en ständig ambivalens, vårdare iakttar mig, men ser mig inte samt ett dömande förhållningssätt från omgivningen. Att leva med ett självskadebeteende innebar ständig ångest samt många olika tillvägagångssätt kring hur de kan skada sig själva för att hantera denna. Diskussion: Det är viktigt för sjuksköterskan att ha en god kunskap samt förståelse för hur det är att leva med ett självskadebeteende för att på bästa möjliga sätt kunna bemöta dessa människor med respekt. Slutsats: Bristande kunskap och förståelse för människor med självskadebeteende bidrar till att upplevelsen av densamma blir sämre. / Background: Self-harm is often found in the fact that a person is mentally ill and by harming themselves, they want to subdue the anxiety it causes. There is a stigmatization in both society and in healthcare and meeting these people may seem fearful. Stigmatization helps to make the subject taboo and it is difficult to seek the help that is needed. Aim: To describe the experience of living with a self-harm behavior. Method: The study has been conducted with a qualitative content analysis where blogs have been analyzed. Result: The analysis of the data has generated in various headings as follows: a constant presence of anxiety,  to physically treat oneself to deal with anxiety, uninterrupted planning to harm itself, thrown between emotions - a constant ambivalence, caregiver observes me but does not see me and a judicial way from the surroundings. Living with self-harm involves constant anxiety and many different approaches to how they can harm themselves to deal with this. Discussion: It is important for the nurse to have a good knowledge and understanding of how it is to live with self-harm in order to best approach these individuals with respect. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge and understanding for people with self-harm contributes to the poorer experience.

Bakgrund: Den psykiska ohälsan ökar ständigt i världen. Unga som äldre människor drabbas och det ökade trycket inom primärvården är ett faktum. Akutsjukvården drabbas i stor uträckning då primärvården inte har resurser för att hjälpa personer med psykisk ohälsa i den omfattning som krävs. Sjuksköterskor inom vården möter patienter med olika sjukdomar och diagnoser. I nuläget är det inte ovanligt att en sjuksköterska vårdar patienter med psykisk ohälsa eller psykisk sjukdom, trots att sjuksköterskan inte har någon vidareutbildning inom psykiatri. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans upplevelser av att vårda patienter med psykisk ohälsa inom akutsjukvården. Metod: Denna litteraturstudie är av deskriptiv design och grundad på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. Samtliga vetenskapliga artiklar har noggrant studerats med hjälp av relevans- och kvalitetsmallar. Databaser som använts för att finna de vetenskapliga artiklarna är PubMed och CINAHL genom Högskolan i Gävle. Resultat: I resultatet framkom 6 olika huvudteman, dessa var: upplevelse av tidsbrist inom akutsjukvården, upplevelse av brist på utbildning om psykisk ohälsa och vad det leder till, upplevelse av att miljön inom akutsjukvården påverkar vården, upplevelse av triageringssvårigheter av patienter med psykisk ohälsa inom akutsjukvården, upplevelse av känslor inom akutsjukvården och upplevelse av brist på hjälp från andra vårdenheter. Alla dessa upplevelser påverkade vården av patienten med psykisk ohälsa. Diskussion: Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter med psykisk ohälsa inom akutsjukvården var utmanande och svår. De upplevde både tidsbrist och kunskapsbrist vilket försvårade möjligheterna till att ge likvärdig och god vård till patienter med psykisk ohälsa. Det är därför viktigt med fortlöpande utbildning för sjuksköterskor så att den psykiska ohälsan kan få ett större fokus inom akutsjukvården. / Background: Mental illness is constantly increasing in the world. Young and old people are affected and the increased pressure in primary care is a fact. Emergency care is affected to a large extent as primary care does not have the resources to help people with mental illness to the extent required. Nurses in healthcare meet patients with various diseases and diagnoses. At present, it is not uncommon for a nurse to care for patients with mental illness or mental disease, even though the nurse has no further education in psychiatry. Aim: To describe the nurse's experiences of caring for patients with mental illness in the emergency care. Method: This literature study is of descriptive design and based on 12 scientific articles. All scientific articles have been carefully studied with the help of relevance- and quality templates. Databases used to find the scientific articles are PubMed and CINAHL through the University of Gävle. Results: The results revealed 6 different main themes, these were: experience of lack of time in the emergency care, experience of lack of education about mental illness and what it leads to, experience that the environment in the emergency care affects care, experience of triage difficulties of patients with mental illness in the emergency care, experience of emotions in the emergency care and experience of lack of help from other care units. All of these experiences affected the care of the patient with mental illness. Discussion: Nurses' experiences of caring for patients with mental illness in the emergency care were challenging and difficult. They experienced both a lack of time and a lack of knowledge, which made it difficult to provide equal and good care to patients with mental illness. It is therefore important to have continuous training for nurses so that mental illness can have a greater focus in the emergency care.

Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning belyser att personer med bakomliggande psykisk sjukdom eller ohälsa stigmatiseras och diskrimineras både i samhället men även inom hälso- och sjukvården. Det är därför viktigt att se hur sjuksköterskor upplever och uppfattar hur det är att ge omvårdnad till denna patientgrupp. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utforska sjuksköterskors upplevelser och uppfattningar av att ge omvårdnad till patienter med bakomliggande psykisk ohälsa och psykisk sjukdom medan de vårdas på kirurgiska vårdavdelningar. Metod: Åtta semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer utfördes med sjuksköterskor från fyra olika kirurgiska vårdavdelningar. Intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet redovisas i tre kategorier; upplevelser av att vårda patienter med psykisk sjukdom eller ohälsa, uppfattningar relaterade till ansvarsfördelningar inom vården och upplevelser av kunskap relaterade till psykisk sjukdom och ohälsa. Sjuksköterskorna i denna studie gav uttryck för både positiva och negativa upplevelser och uppfattningar kopplat till att vårda denna patientgrupp. De uppfattade ofta att personer med bakomliggande psykisk sjukdom eller ohälsa var vårdkrävande och tillskrev dem negativa karaktärsdrag. De upplevde även att de inte hade kunskap eller resurser till att ge dessa personer god omvårdnad när de vårdas på kirurgiska vårdavdelningar Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor i denna studie gav uttryck för olika upplever och uppfattningar kopplat till att ge omvårdnad till patienter med bakomliggande psykisk ohälsa och psykisk sjukdom inom somatisk vård. Upplevelserna och uppfattningarna var av så väl positiv som negativ karaktär och upplevelserna kan kopplas samman med tidigare forskning som visar att patienter kan uppleva diskriminering och stigmatisering kopplat till psykisk ohälsa och sjukdom. För att öka förutsättningarna för jämlik och patientcentrerad omvårdnad upplevde sjuksköterskorna att kontinuerlig utbildning kring psykiatrisk omvårdnad är viktig även för sjuksköterskor som är verksamma utanför specialiserad psykiatrisk vård. / Background: Previous research highlights that people with underlying mental illness or disorders are stigmatized and discriminated against, both in society and within the health care system. It is therefore important to see nurses perceive and understand how it is to provide care to this population. Objective: The purpose of the study is to explore nurses' experiences and perceptions of providing care to patients with underlying mental illness and or mental disorders while being treated in surgical wards. Method: Eight semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with nurses from four different surgical wards. The interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: The results are reported in three categories; experiences of caring for patients with mental illness, perceptions related to the allocation of responsibilities in care and experiences of knowledge related to mental illness. The nurses in this study expressed both positive and negative experiences and perceptions related to caring for these patients. They are often perceived that people with underlying mental illness was demanding and attributed them there with negative character traits. They also felt that they did not have the knowledge or resources to give these people good care when they are cared for at a surgical wards. Conclusion: Nurses in this study expressed different experiences and perceptions related to providing care to patients with underlying mental health and mental illness in somatic care. The experiences and perceptions were of positive as well as negative character and experiences can be linked with previous research showing that patients may experience discrimination and stigma associated with mental illness and disease. To improve the conditions for equitable and patient-centered care nurses experienced that continuous training in psychiatric nursing is also important for nurses who are active outside specialized psychiatric care.

There are a lot of people with mental illness among the homeless. Mental illness is one of the many causes of homelessness and homeless people are more likely to have mental health problems compared to the general population. Currently, the system of social work with homeless people and people with mental illness in the Czech Republic is sophisticated. This diploma thesis focuses on social work with clients suffering from these health and social issues. The theoretical part of the thesis defines homeless people, people with mental illness and social work, as perceived by the contemporary academic literature. It deals with the current state of social work with mentally ill homeless people. The aim of the thesis is to determine reference points that are used by the social workers working with mentally ill homeless people. A qualitative research strategy was used to carry out the research part of the diploma thesis, which was conducted by a survey method using the technique of a semi-structured interview. Data analysis was evaluated using elements of grounded theory. The research group consisted of six communication partners who carry out social work in the following areas: shelter, night shelter, day centre and field social work. The research has shown that based on their own experience, social workers create a vision of social work. Obstacles to meeting these visions are massive barriers that are mostly systemic. The principle of indirect correlation applies here if the level of the system is higher, the barrier is less easy to influence, but it has a more devastating impact on the client. Significantly fewer barriers come from people. The social workers can influence these barriers to a certain extent. The disparity between barriers and support in social work related to a working vision is threatening, but social workers mobilize their power of defence and a "pointless" way to the vision in the area of barriers that can be influenced. The results of the thesis can provide feedback to the work of the communication partners. In addition, the thesis can be inspiring for experts as well as the general public as it points to a lack of health and social care for mentally ill homeless people related to big legislative contradictions in protecting the clients' freedom and their best interest.

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of parental competence of mothers with psychiatric disorder, with an emphasis on the difficulties such diagnosis can have on the family's functionality. The most severe, in practice, seems to be the necessity to place the children in institutions, away from their families, in cases where no other family member can take care of these children during the mother's absence as a result of the attack. Due to the nature of the disorder, periodicity can be expected, which significantly disturbs the child's development and relationships within the family. The real impact was observed in the empirical part via a case study focusing on six families that have a mother diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. The needs of these families were mapped through interviews and were later compared to the current offer of non-profit organizations. The results were used to find out, which services are offered and in which areas do these families require support. Due to the nature of this problem and the necessity for systematic solution when it comes down to the provided psychiatric care, I reached out to the current Minister of Health, who commented on the present situation. The presumption that the biggest impact is observed in families with single mothers proved to be right,...

The aim of this study was to examine how care professionals experienced the need of an elder counselor in communal geriatric care. The ambition was to discover how the caregivers viewed the need of an elder counselor to identify and antagonize the suffering from mental illness and loneliness against older people and to reach a greater understanding of what they experience is the opportunities and difficulties with the eldercounselor. The study was conducted through six semi-structured, qualitative interviews with six different home care staff in two municipalities who had counselors provided for the older people living there. We identified six themes in the interviews which were used for analyzing our results. The themes were: Professions treatment of mental illness and loneliness, A support for the care professionals, An anonymous profession, Loneliness and mental illness, Elders need to talk and Elders oppose counselor support. The results of our study shows that it is common that older people suffer from mental illness and loneliness. The care professionals experience that there is a need of having a counselor to support and help their patients to counteract mental illness. The care professionals also experience that the counselors can be used as a support for the care professionals themselves. The results also showed that a lot of the older people were offered professional talk with a counselor but resisted the offer. We also discovered difficulties with the collaboration within the organization between the counselor, the patients and the care staff.