O presente trabalho trata da solução para o problema da elaboração de programações de transporte do sistema de distribuição de materiais da Força Aérea Brasileira (FAB). Essas programações de transporte consistem em definir os roteiros de entrega e coleta de materiais a serem realizadas simultaneamente em cada local de entrega/coleta a partir de um centro de distribuição, considerando-se a frota de veículos homogênea. Isto é característico de um Problema de Roteirização de Veículos com Coletas e Entregas Simultâneas (PRVCES). A gestão do sistema de distribuição física da FAB considera a complexidade desse sistema e os dados relativos às demandas de transporte de carga em cada um desses locais para elaborar as programações de transporte. Essas programações são elaboradas tendo em vista os limites de capacidade dos veículos, as características físicas das cargas e as prioridades de embarque. O gestor desse sistema possui boa visibilidade das demandas de transporte, porém, devido à grande quantidade de informações disponíveis e à elevada complexidade desse sistema, é impossível elaborarem-se manualmente programações de transporte que resultem em viagens de distribuição eficientes. O PRVCES foi resolvido por meio da meta-heurística Busca Dispersa (do inglês Scatter Search) integrada com a meta-heurística Descida em Vizinhança Variável (do inglês Variable Neighborhood Descent) utilizada como método de melhoria das soluções. Os resultados superaram ou se igualaram a alguns dos obtidos por outros autores para os mesmos problemas de teste com as mesmas restrições, o que demonstra que a Busca Dispersa implementada é competitiva para solucionar o PRVCES. Quanto à aplicação na FAB, os resultados mostraram que a utilização do método de solução desenvolvido resultará em programações de transporte elaboradas em curto tempo de processamento e que estas incidirão positivamente sobre a eficiência do sistema de distribuição de materiais da FAB. / This work deals with the solution to the problem of drawing up transport schedules in the material distribution system of the Brazilian Air Force (BAF). These transport schedules consist in defining the routes for material pickup and delivery to be accomplished simultaneously in each delivery/pickup location from a distribution center, considering a homogeneous fleet of vehicles. This is characteristic of a Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pick-up (VRPSDP). The management of the physical distribution of BAF considers the complexity of this system and the data regarding the cargo transport demands in each one of those locations to draw up transport schedules. These schedules are drawn up regarding the capacity limits of the vehicles, the physical characteristics of the cargoes and the shipping priorities. A good visibility of transport demands in each location is available to the manager of this system, but due to the great quantity of data to deal with and the high complexity of the physical distribution system of BAF, it is impossible to draw up transport schedules that result in efficient distribution trips. The VRPSDP was solved by means of the Scatter Search meta-heuristic integrated with the Variable Neighborhood Descent meta-heuristic as the solution improvement method. The results exceeded or equaled some of those obtained by other authors using the same test problems with the same restrictions, what indicates that the implemented Scatter Search is competitive to solve the VRPSDP. As for the application in the BAF, the results showed that using the solution method developed will result in schedules drawn up in short processing time and focused on the efficiency of the material distribution system of the BAF.

As mudanÃas ocorridas no campo da saÃde atravÃs do desenvolvimento de tecnologias, envelhecimento das populaÃÃes, crises das finanÃas torna as avaliaÃÃes um importante mecanismo para responder Ãs necessidades de informaÃÃo dos responsÃveis pelas decisÃes. Da mesma forma que a avaliaÃÃo se faz necessÃria, avaliar a avaliaÃÃo tambÃm pode auxiliar nas tomadas de decisÃes no campo da saÃde. Diante disso esta DissertaÃÃo tem por finalidade realizar a Meta-AvaliaÃÃo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da AtenÃÃo BÃsica (PMAQ-AB) que possui em uma de suas fases a AvaliaÃÃo Externa. Para isso foi utilizado os padrÃes meta avaliativos do Joint Comittee (1994), que sÃo: Utilidade, Viabilidade, Propriedade e PrecisÃo. AtravÃs desses padrÃes a pesquisa tem o intuito de observar se o PMAQ-AB possui tÃcnicas que respondem a uma avaliaÃÃo coerente, dentre elas, se responde Ãs necessidades de informaÃÃo dos envolvidos (UTILIDADE), se o PMAQ-AB foi planejado evitando-se o desperdÃcio de recursos (VIABILIADE), se protegem os direitos dos sujeitos envolvidos e afetados pela avaliaÃÃo (PROPRIEDADE), se produz e revela uma informaÃÃo exata e confiÃvel (PRECISÃO). Para responder tais questionamentos foi elaborado um questionÃrio que foi respondido por profissionais que fazem parte do programa, dentre eles, quatro mÃdicos, sete enfermeiros, cinco tÃcnicos em Enfermagem, trÃs auxiliares de SaÃde Bucal, trÃs dentistas e dezessete agentes ComunitÃrios de SaÃde no perÃodo de fevereiro a maio de 2015. Os mÃdicos, dentistas e ASB nÃo qualificaram com notas muito boas o programa. JÃ os enfermeiros, TÃcnicos em Enfermagem e Agentes ComunitÃrios de SaÃde qualificaram o Programa como BOM e MUITO BOM. ApÃs a junÃÃo de todas as categorias profissionais a pesquisa mostrou que a maioria dos profissionais considera o PMAQ-AB aceitÃvel nos padrÃes UTILIDADE e PROPRIEDADE, e satisfatÃrio nos padrÃes VIABILIDADE e PRECISÃO. O PMAQ- AB, de um modo geral, atendeu aos critÃrios de uma avaliaÃÃo coerente. / The changes in the field of health through the development of technologies, aging populations, finance crisis makes assessments an important mechanism to address the information needs of decision makers. Just as the evaluation is needed to assess the evaluation can also assist in decision making in the health field. Thus this Master aims to carry out the Meta-Evaluation of Access Improvement Programme and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) that has in one of its phases the External Evaluation. For this we used the evaluative goal of the Joint Comittee standards (1994), which are: utility, feasibility, property and accuracy. By these standards the research aims to observe the PMAQ-AB has techniques that respond to a coherent assessment, among them, it responds to stakeholder information needs (UTILITY) if the PMAQ-AB was planned to avoid it waste of resources (VIABILIADE), to protect the rights of those involved and affected by the evaluation (PROPRIETARY), produces and shows an accurate and reliable information (PRECISION). To answer these questions we designed a questionnaire that was answered by professionals who are part of the program, including four doctors, seven nurses, five technicians in Nursing, three oral health aids, three dentists and seventeen Community Health agents in the period February to May 2015. the doctors, dentists and ASB did not qualify with very good grades the program. Already nurses, technicians Nursing and Community Health Agents described the program as GOOD and VERY GOOD. After uniting all professional categories research has shown that most professionals consider the PMAQ-AB acceptable standards in UTILITY and PROPERTY, and satisfactory in FEASIBILITY and ACCURACY standards. The PMAQ- AB, in general, met the criteria for a coherent assessment.

Orientador: João Carlos de Andrade / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T03:10:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Falcao_AudreydeArruda_M.pdf: 452766 bytes, checksum: 4fd8a7b939f13bb928e461a7113b0135 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Mestrado / Quimica Analitica / Mestre em Química

Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) is one of the main causes of dependency and disability in the elderly population. A number of investigations have been seeking its prevention and/or management. In this context, it is important to highlight the role of modifiable risk factors, such as nutrition. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and subsequent meta-analysis, to assess the effect of food and/or nutrients for the management of AD at different stages. This work was steered based on the Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions and the PRISMA Statement. Electronic databases were searched up to 2014, in Portuguese, English or Spanish. Relevant publications were identified by title and abstract using key search terms referring to Alzheimer\'s disease, nutrition interventions and type of study. Trials\' risk of bias was appraised by applying the Cochrane\'s tool for assessing risk of bias. The main outcome measures comprise neuropsychological tests such as MMSE, ADCS-ADL, NPI and CDR-sob, biomarkers and brain imaging. Pairwise meta-analyses were performed in a random-effect model by estimating the weighted mean differences between treatment and placebo groups, with 95% confidence intervals for outcome measures by treatment. Network meta-analysis and the ranking probability of treatment for each nutrition intervention were undertaken on cognitive outcome. The strength and quality of evidence were rated according to the GRADE approach. From the whole research, 182 studies met the systematic review\'s purpose. Thirty-five clinical trials complied with eligibility criteria and risk of bias assessment. Included studies utilized: antioxidants, B-vitamin complex, carbohydrates, lipids, omega-3 fatty acids, polymeric formulas, polypeptide and vitamin D. Estimates treatment effects from pairwise meta-analyses show a significant positive effect from the supplementation with proline-rich polypeptide (WMD 12.00 [95% CI 10.20, 13.80] P < 0.00001) and B-vitamin complex (WMD 0.44 [95% CI 0.09, 0.79] P = 0.01) on cognitive function measured by the MMSE. Remaining nutrients supplementation did not show any significant effect on functional, behavioral, global performance, biomarkers or brain imaging outcomes. Isolated nutrient supplementations show no convincing evidence of providing a significant benefit on clinical manifestations or neuropathology of AD. As a treatment strategy, nutrients did not show any effect when delivered individually, probably due to their synergistic work on brain function at different domains. Nevertheless, nutrients represent a potential preventive approach and an adjuvant treatment for patients with AD at earlier stages. / A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma das maiores causas de dependência e incapacidade na população idosa, o que tem levado a inúmeras investigações sobre sua prevenção e ou manejo. Neste contexto, é importante destacar o papel desempenhado pelos fatores de risco modificáveis, como a nutrição. Este estudo trata de uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise, para avaliar o efeito das intervenções nutricionais no manejo da DA, em seus diferentes estágios. Este trabalho segue as propostas da Colaboração Cochrane e a declaração PRISMA. Bases de dados eletrônicas foram pesquisadas a partir do seu início até o 2014, em Português, Inglês ou Espanhol. Estudos relevantes foram identificados por título e resumo usando as palavras-chave referente à doença de Alzheimer, intervenções nutricionais e tipo de estudo. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada mediante a ferramenta da Cochrane para avaliação do risco de viés. As principais medidas de desfechos compreenderam os testes neuropsicológicos MEEM, AVD, NPI e CDR-sob, biomarcadores e neuroimagem. As meta-análises em pares foram realizadas em modelo de efeito aleatório pela estimativa de diferença de médias ponderadas entre os grupos de tratamento e placebo, com 95% de intervalo de confiança para as medidas de desfecho segundo a intervenção. A meta-análise em rede e a probabilidade da posição do tratamento para cada intervenção nutricional foi realizada para o desfecho cognitivo. A força e a qualidade da evidência foram avaliadas de acordo com o método GRADE. Da busca total inicial, 182 estudos cumpriam com o propósito desta revisão sistemática. Ainda, 35 ensaios clínicos preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade e avaliação de risco de viés. Os estudos incluídos usaram: antioxidantes, vitaminas do complexo B, carboidratos, lipídeos, ácidos graxos ômega-3, formula poliméricas, polipeptídios e vitamina D. As estimativas de efeito do tratamento das meta-análises em pares mostraram um efeito positivo significativo a partir da suplementação com um polipeptídio rico em prolina (MD 12.00 [95% IC 10.20, 13.80] P < 0.00001) e com as vitaminas do complexo B (MD 0.44 [95% IC 0.09, 0.79] P = 0.01) na função cognitiva avaliada pelo MEEM. A suplementação com os demais nutrientes não mostrou um efeito significativo na funcionalidade, comportamento, desempenho global, biomarcadores da DA, nem desfechos de imagem. A suplementação com nutrientes isolados não mostrou um efeito significativo nas manifestações clínicas ou neuropatologicas da DA. Como estratégia de tratamento, os nutrientes não demonstraram um efeito separadamente, provavelmente devido a seu trabalho sinérgico nos diferentes domínios da função cerebral. Ainda assim, os nutrientes representam uma abordagem preventiva potencial e um tratamento adjuvante nas pessoas com DA nos estágios iniciais.

VizzAnalyzer is a program analysis tool that can be used for analyzing software programs. It relies on so called Front-Ends for information extraction from various sources like C or Java source code. It allows analyzing different source code by mapping the language specific front-end meta-model onto a common meta-model, on which analysis are defined. Right now we use the Eclipse Parser for parsing Java source code. This requires an Eclipse installation involving a large number of dependencies in order to work with Java source code. Yet, this is not always feasible; we want to be independent from Eclipse using an alternative parser. Recoder is a Java meta-programming application program interface (API) that can be used to write Java programs that manipulate and analyze other Java programs. The Recoder framework provides over an application programming interface detailed access to the source code in form of an abstract syntax tree (AST). It has a small footprint and no external dependencies. We create the Recoder Front-End as alternative to the existing Eclipse front-end. This includes the definition of a mapping between Recoder Front-End Meta-Model to Common Meta-Model. The mapping result will be used by VizzAnalyzer to do further analysis work. This Bachelor thesis documents relevant theory regarding Recoder Front-End and discusses its development and implementation.

In my thesis, I analyze meta-films and different ways they are used in films. I try to show that meta-films can serve as a creative tool to communicate new and old ideas and stories. Whereas some argue that meta-films are the mark of the death of creativity and that film is doomed to be a parody of itself, I argue that this is not necessarily the case by showing examples of films that use meta-reflection and intertextuality not as a way to communicate their message. The first film that I am studying is Adaptation (2002) by Spike Jonze and written by Charlie Kaufman. It is a film that reflects at its own creation and process it took to make it. I move on to analyze Michael Winterbottom’s A Cock and Bull Story (2005) which was based on Laurence Sterne’s novel The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentlemen. I explore how the novel captures the essence of the book by not simply telling the story of its narrator but by questioning the concept of narrative and storytelling. The last film in my essay is Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010) by Edgar Wright. I analyze how Edgar Wright uses the structure of a meta-film in order to switch the focus from its predictable story to an exercise in paying tribute to a culture that the target audiences have embraced.

Meta-Modelle sind Rechenmodelle, die das Verhalten technischer Systeme näherungsweise beschreiben oder nachbilden. Sie werden aus Beobachtungen von Simulationsmodellen der technischen Systeme abgeleitet. Es handelt sich also um Modelle von Modellen, um Meta-Modelle. Meta-Modelle unterscheiden sich grundsätzlich von analytischen Ansätzen zur Systembeschreibung. Während analytische Ansätze in ihrer mathematischen Struktur die tatsächlichen Gegebenheiten des betrachteten Systems wiedergeben, sind Meta-Modelle stets Näherungen. Der Vorteil von Meta-Modellen liegt in ihrer einfachen Form. Sie sind leicht zu bilden und anzuwenden. Ihr Nachteil ist die nur annähernde und u.U. unvollständige Beschreibung des Systemverhaltens. Im folgenden wird die Bildung von Meta-Modellen anhand eines Bediensystems dargestellt. Zuerst werden die Möglichkeiten einer analytischen Beschreibung bewertet. Danach werden zwei unterschiedliche Meta-Modelle, Polynome und neuronale Netze, vorgestellt. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser Formen der Darstellung des Systemverhaltens werden diskutiert. Abschließend werden praktische Einsatzfelder von Meta-Modellen in der Materialflußplanung und -simulation aufgezeigt.

The goal of this thesis is to present a meta-analysis of studies that are focused on the relation between the international trade flow and the trade costs. The effect of trade costshasbecomeoneofthekeyelementstoresolvethesixmajor puzzles in the bilateral trade flow. I examine 1,090 estimates of the trade cost effect reported in 58 studies, codify 51 aspects of study design that may influencetheestimates.Iuse meta-regression analysis to investigate why trade costs effects vary. The results suggest that different methods and mainly data characteristics systematically affect the estimated trade costs effects. I find evidence for publication selection bias by using the appropriate tests. The authors of primary studies tend to report preferentially large estimates of the elasticity of trade with respect to trade costs. The evidence for publication selection bias is stronger for studies reported in peer-reviewed journals thanfor unpublished studies.

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La modification de l'environnement et l'évolution rapide du monde des affaires ont contraint les entreprises à réorganiser leurs services. Dans ce contexte la fonction Achats se transforme d'une fonction administrative à une fonction stratégique. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'analyser la création de valeur de la fonction Achats en se focalisant sur le rôle de l'acheteur. Elle s'appuie sur l'analyse de la transformation d'une fonction Achats dans le cadre d'un contrat de recherche au sein d'un groupe agroalimentaire international. La méthodologie d'analyse qualitative, s'appuyant sur l'utilisation du logiciel d'analyse Lexicale Nvivo10, a mobilisé des cadres théoriques pertinents aux regards des thèmes issus du cas. La recherche montre que l'acheteur peut à la fois créer de la valeur par les actions de productivité, et par des actions entrepreneuriales pouvant favoriser le développement des ventes. Les résultats conceptualisent l'acheteur et mettent en évidence la nécessité pour l'acheteur de détenir, en complément des compétences techniques, des Méta-compétence qui lui permettront de saisir les opportunités de l'écosystème pour les transformer en produits ou services commercialisables. Ces Meta-compétences différencient les collaborateurs moyens des collaborateurs efficaces, elles permettent de soutenir les compétences techniques et d'en acquérir de nouvelles. Elles s'attachent aux comportements et aptitudes individuelles et sont liées à la personnalité de l'individu. Finalement la thèse propose un modèle intégrateur des compétences de l'acheteur, qui rend compte de la prépondérance des Méta-compétences comme socle de la capacité de l'acheteur à créer de la valeur. / Modification of the environment and the rapidly changing business world have forced companies to reorganize their services. In this context the purchasing function becomes an administrative function to a strategic function, impacting the performance of the company and its ability to create value directly. This thesis aims to analyze the value creation of the purchasing function by focusing on the role of the buyer. Our research is based on the analysis of the transformation of a purchasing function within the framework of a research contract in an international food company. The analytical methodology is qualitative, based on the use of Nvivo10 Lexical analysis software. They were put in perspective with the eyes of relevant themes from the case theoretical frameworks. Research shows that the buyer can both create value through the actions of productivity, and entrepreneurial activities that foster the development of sales. The results conceptualize the buyer and highlight the need for the buyer to hold, in addition to technical skills, Meta-competencies that will seize the opportunities of the ecosystem to transform them into marketable products or services. These Meta-competencies differentiate means employees and effective contributors; they can support the technical skills and acquire new ones. They attach to the behaviors and personal skills and are related to the personality of the individual. Finally, the thesis proposes an integrative skills model of the buyer, which accounts for the preponderance of Meta-skills as the basis of the ability of the buyer to create value.