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This thesis will explore the proposal that Neil Gaiman’s The Sandman is, as Gaiman describes it in its epilogue, a “story about stories” (The Wake, epilogue). Its particular focus will be on Gaiman’s conception of humans as essentially narrative beings, who use narratives to interact with the world around them, to impose order on information, to provide interpretive paradigms, and as models for their behaviour. Gaiman has not only explored this idea, but used the fantastic mode to create a universe in which these types of ‘interpretive narratives’ directly affect physical reality. Gaiman’s ideas about the way narratives work have been heavily influenced by both postmodern and Jungian legacies. The thesis will propose that the dynamic between postmodern intertextuality and the Jungian idea of the archetypes is a driving force in The Sandman. While Gaiman embraces a playful, bricoleur intertextuality, he also retains a belief that humans can invoke the archetypes to access profound meanings, which transcend the particularities of their expression in any individual instances. Under these influences, Gaiman concieves of a postmodern, Jungian approach to mythology. We will see that Gaiman’s interactions with narrative, postmodernism and Jungianism eventually lead him to formulate an ethic for the contemporary world, and that he encodes it in his own mythology. This ethic both empowers individuals and demands that they take responsibility for their power. It also focuses on how the individual can productively and tolerantly interact with a heteroglossic world. Instead of a fact to be sought out, meaning becomes a process of active creation.

Memorial do convento (1982), História do cerco de Lisboa (1989) e O homem duplicado (2002) são as obras de José Saramago (1922 - 2010) sobre as quais se debruça esta tese. Os romances pertencem a dois diferentes momentos da produção literária do autor, e a eleição deles se justifica pela tentativa, empreendida por este estudo, de estabelecer um panorama comparativo que permita analisar as diferenças e as semelhanças de recursos que compõem a retórica narrativa empregada por Saramago. A metanarratividade e as inserções dramáticas, exercitadas por um narrador todo poderoso e pluralizado, são observadas e analisadas, durante o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, como dois dos principais estratagemas que são comuns aos romances de Saramago e que contribuem para o estabelecimento temático-estrutural de um conflito constantemente explorado nos romances do autor: aquele entre Eu/Outro/Mesmo. Utilizando-se da metanarratividade, o narrador de Saramago se insere e se posiciona criticamente em uma tradição narrativa frequentemente evocada e deteriorada. Os romances do escritor português não se constituem senão em um diálogo crítico contínuo com as narrativas que os precederam, sejam elas historiográficas ou ficcionais. Ao mesmo tempo em que onisciente, uma vez que passeia pela cabeça das personagens e pelo passado/presente/futuro narrativos, o narrador saramaguiano se corporifica dentro do universo ficcional, simulando, já que cerceado pelo sensível, a sua própria limitação diante de um encadeamento de acontecimentos mais largos do que aqueles que o narrador é capaz de acompanhar por meio da visão/audição. A observação e a analise das manifestações metanarrativas e das inserções dramáticas são demonstradas, durante o desenvolvimento deste estudo, como os estratagemas pelos quais se confrontam: Vida e Narrativa, História e Ficção, Passado e Presente. As fricções entre essas categorias e a identificação crítica de suas semelhanças revelam a sombra do Mesmo, da impossibilidade de serem singulares e, por esse motivo, principalmente no que diz respeito à História, da impossibilidade de serem apreendidas como veiculadoras de verdade única e incontestável. A retórica de persuasão impressa nos romances de José Saramago, fundada em um narrador consciente do papel de sua narrativa e paradoxalmente onisciente e limitado, fabrica e sugere a sua própria retórica de leitura, em que se absorve para o universo crítico-ficcional o seu Outro: o leitor. / Memorial do convento (1982), História do cerco de Lisboa (1989) and O homem duplicado (2002) are José Saramagos (1922 - 2010) works on which this thesis focuses. The novels are from two different moments of the authors literary production and their choice is justified by this study attempt to establish a comparative panorama that allows an analysis of the differences and similarities of resources that compose Saramagos rhetoric narrative. The metanarrativity and dramatic insertions, exerted by a powerful and pluralized narrator, are observed and analyzed, throughout this research development, as two of the main stratagems common to Saramagos novels and which contribute to the thematic-structural establishment of a conflict constantly exploited in the authors novels: the one among I/Other/Same. By using metanarrativity, Saramagos narrator inserts and positions himself critically in a narrative tradition frequently evoked and deteriorated. The Portuguese writers novels constitute a continuous critical dialogue with the narratives that preceded them, whether they are historiographic or fictional. While omniscient, once he is aware of the innermost thoughts and feelings of all characters as well as the past/present/future narratives, Saramagos narrator embodies himself in the fictional universe simulating, since he is curtailed by the sensitive, his own limitation in the face of a chain of events broader than those the narrator is able to follow through vision/hearing. Both the observation and the analysis of the metanarrative manifestations and of the dramatic insertions are demonstrated over this study as the stratagems by which they confront themselves: Life and Narrative, History and Fiction, Past and Present. The frictions between these categories and the critical identification of their similarities reveal the shadow of the Same as the impossibility of being singular and for this reason, especially with regard to History, the impossibility of being apprehended as carriers of a single and undeniable truth. The rhetoric of persuasion imprinted in José Saramagos novels, based on a narrator who is aware of his narrative role and is paradoxically omniscient and limited, makes and suggests his own reading rhetoric in which the critical-fictional universe absorbs the Other: the reader.

In advancing a critical examination of post-processualism, the thesis has – as its central aim – the repositioning of the Neolithic within contemporary archaeological theory. Whilst acknowledging the insights it brings to an understanding of the period, it is argued that the knowledge it produces is necessarily constrained by the emphasis it accords to the cultural. Thus, in terms of the transition, the symbolic reading of agriculture to construct a metanarrative of Mesolithic continuity is challenged through a consideration of the evidential base and the indications it gives for a corresponding movement at the level of the economy; whilst the limiting effects generated by an interpretative reading of its monuments for an understanding of the social are considered. Underpinning these constraints is the conceptual privileging of the individual consequent upon the post-processual reaction to the totalising frameworks of modernist knowledge and the metanarratives of progress they construct – as exemplified in the economic reading of Childe. In examining the form of this reaction, the wider post-processual transposition of postmodernism within contemporary archaeological theory is also considered. In utilising Giddens’ concept of reflexivity, it is argued that rather than the ‘cultural turn’ itself, it is the inflection of the epistemological frameworks of the Enlightenment with a teleological reading of the past as progress that represents the postmodern within contemporary archaeological theory and it is through this understanding of postmodernism as expressing the capacity that modernity has to be self-aware that the conditions are established for the recovery of the Neolithic as a holistic object.

The present thesis argues that the present era of post-postmodernism experiences a revival of revised metanarratives through &lsquo / fabulation&rsquo / , the process masterfully depicted in Julian Barnes&rsquo / s novels Metroland (1980), Flaubert&rsquo / s Parrot (1984), History of the World in 10 &frac12 / Chapters (1989) and England, England (1998). The age of postmodernism with its undermining irony, hopelessness, pessimism and the sense of the looming end could not but leave the world in a state of despair, characterised by a propagated rule of the simulacra and the subaltern, hybridism, uncertainty, absence and inconclusiveness. As a result, the world witnessed the appearance of various calls for the re-institution of metanarratives as the only cure to rescue mankind from continuous deferral of signification, which tends to feel secure only with a score of guiding narratives. The same holds true of Julian Barnes&rsquo / s fiction. While many consider the writer&rsquo / s works to be typically postmodern, it is far from being so, as alongside the propagation of multiplicity and flexibility of meaning, it emphasises the existence of the Truth and the necessity to fabulate metanarratives, which are the only guiding poles in human progress through life in post-postmodernism.

Using the generative processes developed over two stages of creative development and the performance of The Physics Project at the Loft at the Creative Industries Precinct at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) from 5th – 8th April 2006 as a case study, this exegesis considers how the principles of contemporary physics can be reframed as aesthetic principles in the creation of contemporary performance. The Physics Project is an original performance work that melds live performance, video and web-casting and overlaps an exploration of personal identity with the physics of space, time, light and complementarity. It considers the acts of translation between the language of physics and the language of contemporary performance that occur via process and form. This exegesis also examines the devices in contemporary performance making and contemporary performance that extend the reach of the performance, including the integration of the live and the mediated and the use of metanarratives.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-01T18:46:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Frederick Gomes Alves - 2017.pdf: 2201227 bytes, checksum: 5e45740016d24aeaad0facf22973c576 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-06-02T11:04:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Frederick Gomes Alves - 2017.pdf: 2201227 bytes, checksum: 5e45740016d24aeaad0facf22973c576 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T11:04:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Frederick Gomes Alves - 2017.pdf: 2201227 bytes, checksum: 5e45740016d24aeaad0facf22973c576 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aims to present global history as a subfield of history. It constituted itself in the three last decades incorporating the great issues of the final years of the twentieth century, and seeking to understand also the significance of the events of the 2000s. Therefore, the object of analysis is the global historiography produced between 1990 and 2010. The first chapter will seek to analyze a set of works of this trend in order to present his outlines: tasks, sources, methods, periodization and the strategies of narrative construction that capture and explain globalization; thus exposing thematic preferences of the authors. The second chapter asks about historiographical antecedents that led to the formation of this trend, and traces the history of the tension between cosmopolitanism and parochialism in several historiographical traditions, underlining the first’s suppression since the nineteenth century and its return in the second half of the twentieth century in the current of world history, from where global history emerges. The third chapter addresses the modernity/postmodernity debate documenting how it was present in the formation of global studies in the 1980s and of global history itself in the 1990s. By exposing the debate and analyzing its constitutive role in the trend of global history, it will be possible to show how the latter overcame the dichotomies of the first, incorporating: the critique of eurocentrism and of the nation-state – from postmodern thought; and fundamentally the metanarrative as the mode of writing the history of humanity – from modern thought. Thus this subfield of history recovers and actualizes a modern element through postmodern experience, the result of which is a global metanarrative, more prepared to face the dangers of Eurocentric and nation-state discourse, and more adequate to provide historical meaning in a globalized world. / Trata-se de apresentar a história global como um subcampo da ciência histórica. Ela se constituiu nas três últimas décadas, incorporando as grandes questões dos anos finais do século XX, e buscando compreender também o significado dos acontecimentos dos anos 2000. Portanto, o objeto de análise é a historiografia global produzida entre 1990 e 2010. O primeiro capítulo buscará analisar um conjunto de obras dessa corrente a fim de apresentar seus contornos: tarefas, fontes, métodos empregados, a periodização e as estratégias de construção narrativa que apreendem e explicam a globalização; expondo assim as preferências temáticas dos autores. O segundo capítulo pergunta pelos antecedentes historiográficos que levaram à formação dessa corrente, e traça a história da tensão entre cosmopolitismo e paroquialismo em diversas tradições historiográficas, sublinhando a supressão do primeiro desde o século XIX e seu retorno na segunda metade do século XX na corrente da história mundial, de onde a história global emerge. O terceiro capítulo aborda o debate modernidade/pós-modernidade, documentando como ele esteve presente na formação dos estudos globais, na década de 1980, e da própria história global, na década de 1990. Mediante a exposição do debate e a análise de seu papel constitutivo na corrente da história global, será possível evidenciar o modo como esta última superou as dicotomias do primeiro, incorporando: a crítica do eurocentrismo e do Estado-nação – do pensamento pós-moderno; e, fundamentalmente, a metanarrativa como modo de escrita da história da humanidade – do pensamento moderno. Assim, este subcampo da história recupera e atualiza um elemento moderno através da experiência pós-moderna, cujo resultado é uma metanarrativa global, mais preparada para enfrentar os perigos do discurso eurocêntrico e do Estado-nação, e mais adequada para fornecer sentido histórico num mundo globalizado.

Memorial do convento (1982), História do cerco de Lisboa (1989) e O homem duplicado (2002) são as obras de José Saramago (1922 - 2010) sobre as quais se debruça esta tese. Os romances pertencem a dois diferentes momentos da produção literária do autor, e a eleição deles se justifica pela tentativa, empreendida por este estudo, de estabelecer um panorama comparativo que permita analisar as diferenças e as semelhanças de recursos que compõem a retórica narrativa empregada por Saramago. A metanarratividade e as inserções dramáticas, exercitadas por um narrador todo poderoso e pluralizado, são observadas e analisadas, durante o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, como dois dos principais estratagemas que são comuns aos romances de Saramago e que contribuem para o estabelecimento temático-estrutural de um conflito constantemente explorado nos romances do autor: aquele entre Eu/Outro/Mesmo. Utilizando-se da metanarratividade, o narrador de Saramago se insere e se posiciona criticamente em uma tradição narrativa frequentemente evocada e deteriorada. Os romances do escritor português não se constituem senão em um diálogo crítico contínuo com as narrativas que os precederam, sejam elas historiográficas ou ficcionais. Ao mesmo tempo em que onisciente, uma vez que passeia pela cabeça das personagens e pelo passado/presente/futuro narrativos, o narrador saramaguiano se corporifica dentro do universo ficcional, simulando, já que cerceado pelo sensível, a sua própria limitação diante de um encadeamento de acontecimentos mais largos do que aqueles que o narrador é capaz de acompanhar por meio da visão/audição. A observação e a analise das manifestações metanarrativas e das inserções dramáticas são demonstradas, durante o desenvolvimento deste estudo, como os estratagemas pelos quais se confrontam: Vida e Narrativa, História e Ficção, Passado e Presente. As fricções entre essas categorias e a identificação crítica de suas semelhanças revelam a sombra do Mesmo, da impossibilidade de serem singulares e, por esse motivo, principalmente no que diz respeito à História, da impossibilidade de serem apreendidas como veiculadoras de verdade única e incontestável. A retórica de persuasão impressa nos romances de José Saramago, fundada em um narrador consciente do papel de sua narrativa e paradoxalmente onisciente e limitado, fabrica e sugere a sua própria retórica de leitura, em que se absorve para o universo crítico-ficcional o seu Outro: o leitor. / Memorial do convento (1982), História do cerco de Lisboa (1989) and O homem duplicado (2002) are José Saramagos (1922 - 2010) works on which this thesis focuses. The novels are from two different moments of the authors literary production and their choice is justified by this study attempt to establish a comparative panorama that allows an analysis of the differences and similarities of resources that compose Saramagos rhetoric narrative. The metanarrativity and dramatic insertions, exerted by a powerful and pluralized narrator, are observed and analyzed, throughout this research development, as two of the main stratagems common to Saramagos novels and which contribute to the thematic-structural establishment of a conflict constantly exploited in the authors novels: the one among I/Other/Same. By using metanarrativity, Saramagos narrator inserts and positions himself critically in a narrative tradition frequently evoked and deteriorated. The Portuguese writers novels constitute a continuous critical dialogue with the narratives that preceded them, whether they are historiographic or fictional. While omniscient, once he is aware of the innermost thoughts and feelings of all characters as well as the past/present/future narratives, Saramagos narrator embodies himself in the fictional universe simulating, since he is curtailed by the sensitive, his own limitation in the face of a chain of events broader than those the narrator is able to follow through vision/hearing. Both the observation and the analysis of the metanarrative manifestations and of the dramatic insertions are demonstrated over this study as the stratagems by which they confront themselves: Life and Narrative, History and Fiction, Past and Present. The frictions between these categories and the critical identification of their similarities reveal the shadow of the Same as the impossibility of being singular and for this reason, especially with regard to History, the impossibility of being apprehended as carriers of a single and undeniable truth. The rhetoric of persuasion imprinted in José Saramagos novels, based on a narrator who is aware of his narrative role and is paradoxically omniscient and limited, makes and suggests his own reading rhetoric in which the critical-fictional universe absorbs the Other: the reader.

The aim of this research is to show how the “new” musicology differs from the “old” with regards to the creation of knowledge about music, which I refer to as “musicological epistemology”. If epistemology is described in the contemporary era as “justified, true belief” (Huemer 2002: 435), this dissertation discusses how McClary, acting as a “new” musicologist, has justified her “true beliefs” in order to create postmodern knowledge about music in the contemporary era, and how these “true beliefs” differ from “old”/modernist musicological opinions concerning the meaning of music. In this dissertation I have included short descriptions of how I believe the various categories of “old” musicology functioned epistemologically. In order to demonstrate how musicological epistemology has changed in the contemporary era, I have undertaken an epistemological analysis of four of McClary's core articles/musicological narratives included in Reading Music: Selected Essays (2007). I have chosen one article from each of McClary’s main subjects of discourse from 1983 to 2007, namely “interpretation and polemics”, “gender and sexuality”, “popular music” and “early music”, in order to ascertain the “nature, scope and limits” of the knowledge she creates through the writing of these narratives. I have found that McClary has incorporated a variety of postmodern debates into her musicological writing, which separates her, epistemologically, from the “old” musicology. This “old”/“new” musicological split is particularly established in my epistemological analysis of “The blasphemy of talking politics during Bach Year” (1987) in which McClary vehemently criticizes key aspects of the “old” musicology, as well as enunciates how she believes the “new” musicology should function epistemologically. The epistemological analysis of “The cultural work of the madrigal” (2007) shows McClary’s epistemology in its mature form. With regards to McClary’s epistemology, I have discovered that the knowledge she is creating is subject to the reader’s acceptance of the postmodern debates that inform her postmodern intellectual context (relativism, identity and deconstruction for example), which establish the conditions under which her work can be considered as knowledge. I have referred to this type of knowledge as “conditional knowledge”, specifically in the epistemological analysis of “Living to tell: Madonna’s resurrection of the fleshly” (1990). McClary’s knowledge is also subject to the contexts in which she situates these essays (a feminist context, for example), which I have referred to as “context-based knowledge” in my epistemological analysis of “Construction of subjectivity in Schubert’s music” (1994). These forms of knowledge admit a subjective viewpoint and are generally of a socially responsible nature. These elements clearly articulate McClary’s acknowledgement of her postmodern intellectual context with regards to Lyotard’s call for greater toleration and sensitivity in his seminal work La condition postmoderne: rapport sur le savoir (1979) (The Postmodern Condition: a Report on Knowledge), the essential aspects of which are also discussed in this dissertation. The micronarrative format of her knowledge also relates to Lyotard’s theories, as well as McClary’s open avoidance of grand narratives in her writing. Through my analyses I have affirmed that McClary has produced these postmodern forms of knowledge whilst adhering to the accepted principles of epistemic rigour. Postmodern theory has revealed a relativistic and subjective view of human language and knowledge. McClary, acknowledging this postmodern realization, has taken control of the production of musical meaning and is creating musical knowledge that is meaningful and useful to marginalized groups in the social and musical world. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Music / unrestricted

The theoretical framework of this study is intended to explore the potential Alain Badiou's theory of event, truth, and faithful subject may provide for understanding literature. This study applies this framework to John Ruskin's late and lesser-known work Fors Clavigera: Letters to the Workmen and Labourers of Great Britain (1871-1884). Both Ruskin's fragmented style in Fors Clavigera and his notion of historical truth developed therein have been read as madness and as reactionary romanticism. I examine key metanarrative moments in Fors Clavigera where Ruskin reflects on his historiographical choices and methods. Through my analysis, I show how Badiou's theory provides a way of better understanding Ruskin's historiography as deliberately purposeful and philosophically engaging.