O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar as concentrações de testosterona no pêlo de cães domésticos, testar dois protocolos diferentes de extração hormonal, comparar os níveis séricos e avaliar as possíveis diferenças de concentração de testosterona no pêlo de acordo com: o sexo; animais castrados e inteiros; região de colheita; tipo e tempo de armazenamento do extrato e coloração da pelagem. Foram utilizados 31 animais adultos, sendo 25 machos e 6 fêmeas, da raça poodle provenientes de canis particulares. O pêlo foi colhido com auxílio de tesoura ou máquina de tosa e armazenados em temperatura ambiente, juntamente com colheita da amostra de sangue. Os protocolos de extração utlizaram 3mL de metanol como solvente por 2 ou 48 horas, os extratos foram secos em ar comprimido, ressuspendidos e armazenados na geladeira ou freezer por até 30 dias. As concentrações foram determinadas por radioimunensaio (RIE). Os testes estatísticos foram realizados utilizando-se o programa computadorizado Statistical Analysis System (SAS). Os resultados mostraram que é possível determinar as concentrações do hormônio testosterona no pêlo de cães. Os dois protocolos de extração de testosterona no pêlo demonstraram-se eficientes, porém o segundo apresenta maior recuperação hormonal do que o primeiro. É possível determinar as concentrações do hormônio testosterona no pêlo de cães. Não há correlação positiva entre os níveis hormonais de testosterona encontrados no sangue e no pêlo. Há diferença estatística significativa entre as concentrações de testosterona no pêlo de acordo com o sexo: entre fêmeas e machos inteiros (p=0,0074) e entre fêmeas e machos (castrados e inteiros) (p=0,0042). Não há diferença entre fêmeas e machos castrados (p=0,3610). Não há diferença significativa das concentrações de testosterona no pêlo entre animais machos inteiros ou castrados. Não há diferença estatística significativa das concentrações de testosterona no pêlo entre as regiões de colheita da amostra (cabeça, corpo ou membros), pois em todos os animais há correlação positiva entre essas áreas. Não há diferença significativa das concentrações de testosterona no pêlo de acordo com a coloração da pelagem (branca, cinza, marrom e preta). Não há diferença estatística significativa das concentrações de testosterona no armazenamento do extrato do pêlo ressuspendido por até 30 dias na geladeira ou freezer. / The objective of the present study was to determine the concentrations of testosterone in domestic dogs hair, to test two different protocols of hormonal extraction, to compare the levels and in accordance with to evaluate the possible differences of hair concentration of testosterone: the sex; castrated and intact animals; sampling areas; type and time of storage of the extract and hair color. 31 adult animals had been used, being 25 males and 6 females, of the poodle breeds proceeding from particular kennels. The hair was cut with of scissors help or machine and keep in ambient temperature, together with of the sample of blood. The extraction protocols added 3mL of methanol as solvent for 2 or 48 hours, the extracts were dried in compressed air, added in assay buffer and stored in the refrigerator or to freezer for up to 30 days. The concentrations had been determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The statistical tests were performed using the computer program Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The results had shown that it is possible to determine the concentrations of testosterone in dogs hair. The two protocols of extraction of testosterone in the hair had been demonstrated efficient, however as it presents greater hormonal recovery of what the first one. The sex has difference significant statistics in accordance with testosterone concentrations in the hair: between females and intact males (p=0,0074) and between females and males (castrated and intact) (p=0,0042). It does not have difference between females and castrated males (p=0,3610). It does not have significant difference of the concentrations of testosterone in the hair between intact or castrated male. It does not have difference significant statistics of the concentrations of testosterone in the hair in the sampling areas (head, body or members), therefore has positive correlation between these areas. The hair color does not have significant difference with concentrations of testosterone in the coat (white, gray, brown and black). It does not have difference significant statistics of the concentrations of testosterone in the storage of the extract added in assay buffer for up to 30 days in the refrigerator or freezer.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-04-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniassi_bs_me_bauru.pdf: 1977733 bytes, checksum: 9dd271c973d63a540d0f517fcfe56409 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O grande desafio a ser vencido para a utilização de células a combustível de oxidação direta de álcoois (DAFC) refere-se ao desenvolvimento de eletrocatalisadores que favoreçam a oxidação direta do combustível a CO2 e que sejam menos susceptíveis ao envenenamento por intermediários/produtos de reação. Fases intermetálicas ordenadas de Pt têm sido propostas como materiais eletrocatalisadores para estas reações pelo fato de poderem aliar a excelente capacidade de adsorção do orgânico pelos sítios de platina e minimizarem a ação de bloqueadores superficiais. Não menos importante, essa classe de materiais apresenta uma estabilidade físico-química acentuadamente superior a materiais obtidos por deposição de íons metálicos e, desta forma, é mais apropriada para ser empregada diretamente em sistemas reais. Baseado em estudos anteriores a respeito dos materiais obtidos por deposição de íons metálicos sobre a superfície de platina e também estudos preliminares de oxidação de orgânicos em fases intermetálicas ordenadas de PtBi, este trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos através do estudo da eletrocatálise das reações de oxidação do ácido fórmico e do metanol sobre as fases intermetálicas PtMn, PtMo, PtPb, PtSb e PtSn, em meio ácido... / The great challenge to be won for the use of direct oxidation of alcohols fuel cells (DAFC) refers to the electrocatalytic development that favor the direct oxidation of the fuel CO2 and that are less susceptible to the poisoning by intermediates/products of reaction. Ordered intermetallic phases of Pt have been proposed as electrocatalytic materials for these reactions for the fact of they could ally the excellent capacity of adsorption of the organic for the platinum sites and they minimize the action of blocking superficial. No less important, that class of materials presents a physicochemical stability strongly to materials obtained by deposition of metallic íons and, this way, it is more appropriate to be used directly in real systems. Based on previous studies regarding the materials obtained by deposition of metallic íons on the platinum surface and also preliminary studies of oxidation of organic in ordered intermetallic phases of PtBi, this work presents the results obtained through the study of the electrocatalysis of the reactions of oxidation of the formic acid and of the methanol on the intermetallic phases PtMn, PtMo, PtPb, PtSb and PtSn, in acid middle... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-22T20:18:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CleonilsonMafraBarbosa_TESE.pdf: 4055728 bytes, checksum: 4de55338df2c07716d2c555f19dcc09a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-22T23:43:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CleonilsonMafraBarbosa_TESE.pdf: 4055728 bytes, checksum: 4de55338df2c07716d2c555f19dcc09a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T23:43:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CleonilsonMafraBarbosa_TESE.pdf: 4055728 bytes, checksum: 4de55338df2c07716d2c555f19dcc09a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Esse trabalho prop?s uma rota alternativa de s?ntese de catalisadores para rea??es de oxida??o do metanol e etanol a serem aplicados em c?lulas a combust?vel, sendo estes a base de ?xidos e precursores mistos de ni?bio e t?ntalo puros e dopados com cobalto, cobre e n?quel, obtidos a partir do mineral de base, a columbita/tantalita. Inicialmente, foi efetivado um planejamento experimental da purifica??o total deste min?rio, na sequ?ncia, foi realizada a dopagem usando um percentual de 10%, em massa. Os tratamentos t?rmicos foram realizados em tr?s diferentes temperaturas (110, 400 e 600 ?C). Na sequ?ncia, foi efetivada a s?ntese do precursor oxalato, que foi utilizado, por conseguinte, na s?ntese dos precursores dopados onde estes passaram pelos mesmos procedimentos dos ?xidos. O min?rio puro e tratado foi caracterizado por fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX) e difra??o de raios X (DRX) que mostraram a sua total purifica??o. O precursor foi avaliado atrav?s das an?lises de difra??o de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia de infravermelho (IV), an?lises t?rmicas (TG/DTG/DSC e DTA) e a microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV); apresentando part?culas inferiores a 0,2 micrometros, um alto valor de perda de massa (76,6 %) e uma estrutura porosa de formas irregulares. Os catalisadores puros e dopados foram submetidos ?s an?lises por difra??o de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia de fotoel?trons excitados por raios X (XPS), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia eletr?nica de transmiss?o (MET), que apresentaram fortes ind?cios de propriedades catal?ticas para a oxida??o devido a sua r?pida redu??o. Na caracteriza??o el?trica, estes catalisadores foram avaliados pela t?cnica da voltametria de pulso diferencial (DPV) atrav?s de sensores em rea??o para a oxida??o dos ?lcoois. As an?lises demonstraram que estes materiais s?o ?timos condutores, porque aumentaram a passagem de corrente el?trica do eletrodo de trabalho em at? duas ordens de grandeza superior ao eletrodo de ouro. Os melhores desempenhos para as rea??es foram observados principalmente com o dopante de cobre, seguido por o n?quel, o puro e depois o de cobalto, considerando ainda que os materiais obtidos possuem caracter?sticas apropriadas para aplica??o em eletrodos de c?lulas a combust?vel. / This paper proposes an alternative route for producing catalysts for methanol and ethanol oxidation reactions to be applied on fuel cells. Those catalysts are based on oxides and precursors of mixed niobium and tantalum materials in their pure and doped (with Co, Cu or Ni) forms. These materials are obtained from columbite/tantalite, which is the base mineral for Nb, Ta. At first, an experimental planning for the complete purification of the mineral was performed. After purification, 10%wt. doping with each of the metals, and thermal treatment at three different temperatures (110,400 and 600?C) was carried out. Un-doped purified oxides were then subject to complexation process followed by metal addition (doping) and thermal treatment. Purified and thermally treated mineral was characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction and complete purification was attained. Complex precursors were evaluated on the basis of XRD, Infra-Red Spectroscopy (IR), thermal behavior (TG/DSC and DTA) and morphology (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and presented particle sizes under 0.2 ?m, elevated weight loss (76.6%) and a porous structure of irregular shape. Pure and doped catalysts were characterized on XRD, XPS (X-Ray Excited Photon Spectroscopy), SEM and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) basis, presenting indication of catalytic properties interesting for oxidation reactions, such as quick surface reduction. Electrical evaluation of the catalysts was performed according to Differentia Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) with the use of micro sensors during alcohol oxidation reactions. These analyses indicated the excellent conducting characteristics of the materials as electric current flow was increased in two orders of magnitudes in comparison to gold electrodes. The best catalytic behaviors were observed when dopping was performed with copper, followed by nickel, without and cobalt dopant addition. Therefore, the synthesized materials presented characteristics that indicate their suitability for use as fuel cells electrodes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Neste trabalho foi estudado o potencial da reação de telomerização do butadieno, utilizando o álcool metílico como reagente nuc1eofilico, catalisada por cic1ometalátos catiônicos de paládio, mostrado na figura i, na obtenção de ligações carbono-carbono e carbono-heteroátomo. (1 )tetrafluorborato de (N,N-dimetilbenzilamina-2-C-N)cic100ctadieno paládio (2)tetrafluorborato de (8-metilquinoleína-C-N)cic100ctadieno paládio figura i: Catalisadores cic1ometalatos catiônicos de paládio o estudo da natureza do catalisador, junto COlTI dados da literatura, nos possibilitou a determinação de uma proposta mecanística para os catalisadores estudados. o estudo dos efeitos dos parâmetros reacionais sobre a atividade e seletividade conduziu á determinação do melhor sistema catalítico para a reação de telomerização. A avaliação do comportamento catalítico foi realizado através da seletividade destes catalisadores na formação de telômeros com 2 e 4 unidades de butadieno. A obtenção de cadeias lineares, insaturadas e funcionalizadas de hidrocarbonetos, usados para a síntese de produtos naturais, especialmente em sínteses de química fina, incentivam o desenvolvimento de estudos nesse campo. / In this work we studied the the telomerization of butadiene with methanol catalyzed by cationic palladium cyclometallates (1) and (2) showed in figure i. Functionalized, insaturated and linear products were synthetized. figura i: Cationic palladium cyclometallates The catalytic behaviur was evaluated by the selectivity on telomers with 2 or 4 units ofbutadienes. A mechanism of telomerization reaction was proposed based on the results obained and on other mechanisms discussed in the literature. This kind of products used in the natural products synthesis and mainly in fine chemical support studies in this area.

Methanol poisoning usually comes to the forefront of both professional and general public interest at times, when there is a larger outbreak, outside of these periods these cases appear sporadically. They occur in the whole world, in the developed countries as well as in the developing ones, independently of any restriction on the consumption of alcoholic beverages by the state. In Czech society this topic came to surface especially in 2012, when as a result of methanol intoxication the minimum of 50 people died and many more suffer permanent damage. The trickiness of methanol lies in the fact, that it is not possible to recognize it from ethanol in an alcoholic drink or in any other mixture. Most often it penetrates the organism by way of ingestion; it can also be absorbed through the skin or by inhalation. Methanol itself is not toxic; its metabolites (formaldehyde and formic acid) however present a problem. Typical symptoms include visual disturbances, deepening metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap and damage to basal ganglia, particularly the putamen. The intoxication is further accompanied by a range of nonspecific symptoms such as stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, impairment of consciousness and cognitive functions. The gravity of the intoxication depends on the amount of ingested methanol and on the mixing ratio with ethanol. Therapy consists of administering specific antidotes ethanol or fomepizole, modifying of the internal environment, continuous or intermittent hemodialysis, if necessary and allowed by the patient's condition and in supportive treatment for maintaining the stability of vital functions. Nursing care has an unreplaceable role in treatment of these patients. Nurses come to contact with these patients in every sector of healthcare, they take part in admission, stabilization and monitoring of vital functions, they tend to the invasions as well as to maximal psychic and physical comfort of the patient. They take part in rehabilitation and also help patients returning into normal life. This thesis deals with the properties of methanol, its production and toxicity, it explores methanol intoxication, its symptoms and sequelae, diagnostics and therapy as well as nursing care in detail. It follows the role of nurses of all the sectors of health care in managing all the stages of the intoxication with emphasis on selected nursing activities in the intensive, standard or aftercare. The thesis concludes with 4 documented case studies. The aim of this thesis was to process the information collected on this topic into a complex and current overview of knowledge on methanol poisoning and the possibilities of dealing with it all of the phases of the poisoning including the aftercare of the patients who were affected. A summary of procedures and variations thereof was acquired on the theoretical basis of Czech and foreign sources such as books, renowned periodicals in paper or electronic form and by means of web sites of professional societies. The sum of knowledge this thesis provides can serve for teaching needsor continuing education of healthcare workers concerning diagnostics, therapy and management of the sequelae of this intoxication with special emphasis on the possibilities of nurse´s intervention in any of the phases of it, or to provide base for further research in this area.

Neste trabalho foi estudado o potencial da reação de telomerização do butadieno, utilizando o álcool metílico como reagente nuc1eofilico, catalisada por cic1ometalátos catiônicos de paládio, mostrado na figura i, na obtenção de ligações carbono-carbono e carbono-heteroátomo. (1 )tetrafluorborato de (N,N-dimetilbenzilamina-2-C-N)cic100ctadieno paládio (2)tetrafluorborato de (8-metilquinoleína-C-N)cic100ctadieno paládio figura i: Catalisadores cic1ometalatos catiônicos de paládio o estudo da natureza do catalisador, junto COlTI dados da literatura, nos possibilitou a determinação de uma proposta mecanística para os catalisadores estudados. o estudo dos efeitos dos parâmetros reacionais sobre a atividade e seletividade conduziu á determinação do melhor sistema catalítico para a reação de telomerização. A avaliação do comportamento catalítico foi realizado através da seletividade destes catalisadores na formação de telômeros com 2 e 4 unidades de butadieno. A obtenção de cadeias lineares, insaturadas e funcionalizadas de hidrocarbonetos, usados para a síntese de produtos naturais, especialmente em sínteses de química fina, incentivam o desenvolvimento de estudos nesse campo. / In this work we studied the the telomerization of butadiene with methanol catalyzed by cationic palladium cyclometallates (1) and (2) showed in figure i. Functionalized, insaturated and linear products were synthetized. figura i: Cationic palladium cyclometallates The catalytic behaviur was evaluated by the selectivity on telomers with 2 or 4 units ofbutadienes. A mechanism of telomerization reaction was proposed based on the results obained and on other mechanisms discussed in the literature. This kind of products used in the natural products synthesis and mainly in fine chemical support studies in this area.

Neste trabalho apresenta-se a modelagem de chamas difusivas na forma de jato, para baixo número de Mach e elevado número de Damköhler. O modelo é baseado na solução das equações na forma flamelet para a parte química e na fração de mistura para o fluxo. Este modelo descreve bem o comportamento de chamas difusivas, exceto na sua extremidade (ponta), onde geralmente surgem instabilidades. Resultados numéricos são apresentados para uma cinética química de uma e multietapas, utilizando a técnica LES (Large-Eddy Simulation) com o modelo de Smagorinsky para a viscosidade turbulenta. A discretização das equações governantes é feita em diferenças finitas, com a aplicação da técnica TVD (Total Variation Diminishing). Além disso, apresentamse mecanismos reduzidos multietapas para o metano, o metanol e o etanol, visando obter resultados realistas. A modelagem de chamas de metanol e etanol diferencia-se da modelagem de chamas de metano por ocorrer uma mudança de fase antes da combustão. Modela-se o efeito global das gotas usando uma descrição Lagrangeana que é incorporada à descrição Euleriana do escoamento, via termos fonte. Testes numéricos foram realizados para chamas difusivas de metano, metanol e etanol, e os resultados estão em concordância com os dados encontrados na literatura. / This work presents a model for a jet diffusion flame, for low Mach and high Damköhler numbers. The model is based on the solution of the flamelet equations for the chemistry and on the mixture fraction for the flow. This model describes well the behavior of diffusion flames, except at the flame tip, where instabilities can often occur. Numerical results are presented for an one-step and multi-step chemical kinetic models, using the LES (Large-Eddy Simulation) technique with the Smagorinsky model for the turbulent viscosity. The discretization of the governing equations follows the finite difference method, with the application of the TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) technique. Besides, multi-step reduced mechanisms for the methane, the methanol and the ethanol are employed, obtaining realistic results. The flame modeling of methanol and ethanol differs from the modeling of methane flames because of a phase change occurs before the combustion. The droplets global effect is modeled based on a Lagrangian description, which is incorporated into the Eulerian description of the flow through source terms. Numerical tests were carried out for methane, methanol and ethanol diffusion flames, and the results compare well with data in the literature.

In my master thesis, I have been mapping the work of regional hygiene stationswhile solving problems and providing services during exceptional situations in the methanol cause. For the practical part, I have decided to use the combination of the quantitative and the qualitative type of research. To gather the data, I have created a questionnaire that was composed of five open-ended questions. I have used an electronic way of distributing the questionnaire to all of the 14 regional hygiene stations of the Czech Republic. Unfortunately, there were only three hygiene stations that provided the needed data. The three participating hygiene stations were: KHS of South Bohemia region residing in ČeskéBudějovice, KHS of Vysočina region residing in Jihlava, and KHS of West Bohemia region residing in Plzeň. The secondary analysis of data was used to analyze and evaluate the given answers. For the needs of questionnaire examination, there has been created another questionnaire. It was composed of 14 closed questions that were mainly related to the knowledge and attitude of respondents to the given topic. All of the 206 respondents were residents of South Bohemia region. The questionnaire was posted on several internet web pages, and the research took place from March 2014 to July 2014. I have set several goals of the research. The first goal was to discover the number of incentives to be solved that were accepted by the three participating hygiene stations between the years 2008 and 2013. During the past six years, KHS of South Bohemia region, KHS ofVysočina region, and KHS of West Bohemia region experienced the growing trend in the number of incentives accepted. The lowest number of incentives accepted in KHS of South Bohemia region was in 2009, in KHS of Vysočina region in 2009 and 2010, and in KHS of West Bohemia in 2011. On the other hand, the highest number of incentives was experienced by all hygiene stations during the year 2013, and the number was significantly higher than in previous years. Another goal was to discover the number of alcohol accepted by KHS of South Bohemia during the methanol cause, the number of alcohol tested, and also the proportion of harmful alcohol that contained either methanol of isopropanol. In the South Bohemia region, there were 670 samples being tested during December 2012. Out of the 670 samples, there were 16 harmful samples, as 11 of them got over the technological limit of isopropanol contained, and 5 of methanol contained. Part of the master thesis was also to map the awareness of South Bohemia region residents of the methanol cause, and tolearn about their estimation on being able to recognize harmful alcohol by themselves without having it tested. The results have shown that 206 people which is equal to 100% of respondents were aware of methanol cause, and that they had at least basic information about it. 45 (22 %) respondents believed that they were able to recognize harmful alcohol by themselves, and 53 (26 %) respondents did not know about the possibility of having the alcohol tested by the hygiene stations. Out of all 153 well-informed respondents, only 3 (2 %) had their alcohol tested. The last goal of my master thesis was to discover the residents' opinion on hygiene stations. Concretely, I wanted to determine whether respondents would use a guide on how to report a complaint or an incentive. 100 % (206) of respondents have agreed on the fact that it would be useful if such a guide would be present on the web pages of each hygiene station. The research has also shown that 203 (99 %) respondents have answered that they assume that state administration bodies should be more helpful when giving information.Only 3 (1 %)respondents answered that the attitude of state administration is good enough.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6405.pdf: 3819979 bytes, checksum: 35dd3fbbb523d12b831a36971afa67b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-28 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Fuel cell is an alternative studied in recent years for energy conversion. A problem of this type of device is the choice of anode material and fuel used. Thus, different materials have been proposed besides the pure metals, such as alloys and metallic multilayers, and the direct conversion cell using small organic molecules has received particular attention. In this work we developed metallic multilayer Ptpc/Rh/Pt materials for the electroxidation of methanol and carbon monoxide. The technique used for the characterization of the electrodes and also to study the electroxidation of methanol and carbon monoxide was cyclic voltammetry. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used in order to characterize the oxidation of methanol on these multilayers. The methanol electroxidation showed an onset potencial shifted towards more negative potencials over Ptpc/Rh/Pt and the peak current density increased about 283% over Ptpc/Rh2.0/Pt1.0 compared to Ptpc. EIS data indicated a lower resistance to charge transfer in the reactions performed on multilayers. Carbon monoxide electroxidation showed a higher current density for all multilayers electrodes when compared to Ptpc. / A célula à combustível é uma das alternativas mais estudadas nos últimos anos para a conversão de energia. Um dos problemas deste tipo de dispositivo está na escolha do material do ânodo e no combustível utilizado. Desta forma, diferentes materiais têm sido propostos além dos metais puros, como ligas e multicamadas metálicas, e a célula de conversão direta utilizando pequenas moléculas orgânicas tem recebido especial atenção. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida a multicamada metálica Ptpc/Rh/Pt para a eletroxidação de metanol e monóxido de carbono. A técnica utilizada para a caracterização dos eletrodos produzidos e também para o estudo da eletroxidação de metanol e monóxido de carbono foi a voltametria cíclica. Além disso, foi utilizada a espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS) para a caracterização do processo de oxidação do metanol sobre essas multicamadas. Para a eletroxidação do metanol, foi observado que o processo é iniciado em potencias mais negativos sobre Ptpc/Rh/Pt e os valores de densidade de corrente aumentaram 283% sobre Ptpc/Rh2,0/Pt1,0 em relação à Ptpc. Dados de EIS indicaram uma menor resistência à transferência de carga nas reações realizadas sobre as multicamadas. Para a eletroxidação do monóxido de carbono, foi observado que todos os eletrodos apresentaram maior densidade de corrente que a Ptpc.