Abstract Problem-based learning (PBL) was from the beginning developed in medical school, but is today used in education in other programmes as well. Investigations about PBL have been conducted in different disciplines and there is also metastudies. In this paper, a metastudy of 8 bachelor degree papers have been conducted. The questions answered were: which methods were used to investigate PBL in primary, lower secondary and upper secondary school,which advantages were found in working according to the PBL method, which disadvantages were found in working according to the PBL method and did teachers and students views about advantages and disadvantages about PBL as a method differ and if they did, how? The results showed that mostly qualitative methods were used to investigate the PBL as a method, mostly abilities of social qualities and independence were trained in working according to PBL, a disadvantage was that working according to the PBL method was considered more resourse consuming than traditional teaching methods and teachers and students views about PBL did not differ considerably. Further research is needed to reveal relevant measuring methods to investigate PBL and to determine the effectiveness of the method.

Translation revision on paper and on screen: an empirical study in the English to German language direction. The thesis explores the comparative effectiveness of translation revision on paper versus on screen. The study aims to contribute to the field of translation science by examining the impact of the medium on revision speed, accuracy, and fatigue. The research is grounded in the context of existing studies and the ISO 17100 standard for translation services. The empirical study involved participants from translation studies programs who revised translations both on paper and on screen. The results indicated no significant differences in revision speed or accuracy between the two mediums. However, a correlation was found between revision speed and professional proofreading experience, suggesting that experience may influence revision efficiency. The study also revealed that certain error types, such as semantic errors, were corrected more frequently in paper revisions, while orthographic errors highlighted by word processing software were corrected more frequently on screen. The thesis concludes that the choice of revision medium does not significantly affect the quality of translation revision, and that both paper and screen are viable options for translators. The findings contribute to the understanding of revision practices and can inform the development of effective translation revision strategies.:Abbildungsverzeichnis 3 Tabellenverzeichnis 4 1. Einleitung 5 I Theoretischer Teil 7 2. Die Revision/das Korrekturlesen auf Papier und am Bildschirm 7 2.1. Literaturrecherche 7 2.2. Merkmale der Studien 8 2.2.1. Zeitpunkt der Veröffentlichung 8 2.2.2. Verwendete Bildschirme 8 2.2.3. Teilnehmer 9 2.2.4. Materialien 10 2.2.5. Bearbeitungszeit 10 2.2.6. Fehler 10 2.2. Ergebnisse 12 2.3. Diskussion 13 3. Revision — Begriffsabgrenzung 16 4. Translationsqualität 21 4.1. Qualitätsdefinitionen und -konzepte 21 4.2. Qualitätskontrolle, -beurteilung und -sicherung 24 4.3. Qualitätssichernde Maßnahmen 25 4.4. Qualitätssteigernde Faktoren 27 4.5. Translationsqualität durch Terminologiequalität 28 4.6. Harmonisierung von Bedeutung und Verlässlichkeit 29 5. Revisionsparameter 32 5.1. Bewertungsmodelle 32 5.2. Formeln zur Berechnung der Revisionsqualität 38 II Praktischer Teil 41 6. Methodik: Vorbereitung der Studie 41 6.1. Hypothesen 41 6.2. Pilotstudie 42 6.3. Wahl des Textes 43 6.4. Wahl der Revisionsparameter/Fehlertypen 45 6.5. Berechnung der Revisionsqualität 46 6.5. Durchführung 47 6.6. Qualitätskonformität 49 6.7. Umfrage 50 7. Ergebnisse 51 7.1. Geschwindigkeit 51 7.2. Genauigkeit 53 7.3. Verhältnis Genauigkeit/Geschwindigkeit 55 7.4. Ermüdung 56 7.5. Fehlertypen 58 7.6. Zusammenhänge ausgewählter Faktoren 62 8. Diskussion 68 9. Fazit 73 Literaturverzeichnis 75 Anhang 82 A1 Ausgangstext 82 A2 Zieltext (fehlerhafte Passagen unterstrichen) 88 A3 Umfrage 95 Eigenständigkeitserklärung 97

The aim of this meta-study is to present an overview of the methods used in Master theses written at The Swedish School of Library and Information Science at the University of Borås, where all Master theses from 1999, 2004, and 2009 has been studied. The aim includes examining if there is a connection between college (Swedish term: kollegium) belonging and methods used but also to examine and compare the qualitative and/or quantitative approaches to the methods. In the 252 Master theses studied, 353 different choices of method are recognized. After taking note of the methods, six categories are created in which the methods are placed. The categories are: Interview, IR-test, Observation, Studies of Text, Survey, and Other. The result is presented in charts to give a clear overview and allow comparisons between years and/or colleges. The result of the study shows that over the three years the interview based studies is the most used method, followed closely by text analysis. Together these two categories represent three quarters of all methods used. The qualitative approach is the most commonly used. Furthermore the result shows that choice of method within a college shows similarities between the examined years, when, to an extent, the same methods are used similarly within all the examined years. A comparison between the colleges shows that there is a difference in choice of method depending on the college belonging.

This essay is a meta study of essays published at theInstitution of Library and Information Sciences at theUniversity of Borås in 2009. It aims to answer the followingquestions:What attitudes about new media can be found in essayswritten within SSLIS and are there traces of media panic inthe discourse?The theoretical framework of the essay is based on a theoryof the concept of media panic as defined by Kirsten Drotneret al, and the concept of moral panic as defined by StanleyCohen.The method used is derived from Klaus Krippendorff’sideas on content analysis, as published in the book ContentAnalysis. The method in this study uses computerizedsearches for target words. The target words used were:Internet, web, e-, blogg, facebook and twitter. The materialwas analysed using a four field model, consisting of fields ofpositive or negative attitude towards a specific mediumregarding usefulness and reliability.The study shows attitudes found in the material were mainlypositive about new media, and only to a lesser degree werethere clearly negative attitudes. It also reveals that there arefew signs of media panic in the discourse. / Program: Bibliotekarie

The purpose of this study is to gauge the current state of Swedish library and information science research. LIS is generally defined as a cross- or multidisciplinary subject, according to some coupled with heterogenity or dichotomy within the subject. In light of Jack Meadows’s description of the scientific community growth and scientific communication, the following two research questions are formulated as basis for the study: 1. What are the current themes, what range of theories and methods are used in our research material? 2. What are the relationships between our research material with respect to choice of themes, theories and methods used, compared with the image given in earlier studies of LIS research? Our research material consists of all Swedish licentiate and doctoral theses in LIS defended at Swedish universities 1993-2011 and all master’s theses published at three different Swedish LIS departments (Borås, Lund and Uppsala) during the years 2008-2009. The theses have been collected and processed using an interpretative content analysis, which includes categorisation of themes, theories and methods, as well as statistical analysis. A compilation of the results suggests the dominance of certain categories of themes, theories and methods. The dominating themes are focused on different aspects of the Library as an entity. The dominating theories are sociological or philosophical (used alone or in combination), and the prominent methods used are interviews and text analysis. The results overall agree with earlier studies from the 21st century. However, studies from the 1990s show a different distribution of theme categories in older research publications in LIS. This difference may be attributed to different research trends over time, but also to the specific versions of content analysis applied. / Program: Bibliotekarie

The PhonicStick is a joystick which has been developed as a communicative device to be used by people with severe physical disabilities. During the developmental phase the possibility of using this device in order to train the phonological awareness of 6 – 8 year old children was examined. The studies conducted did not show any statistical difference in phonological awareness when this was tested with current tests after the children had trained with the PhonicStick. One explanation for this could be that the children had already begun to read and write in school. Therefore, a part of the present study was aimed at investigating if a difference in results on the norm referenced tests could be obtained if the children were 4-5 years old instead of 6-8. Parts of a norm referenced test for phonological awareness and an adapted test material for the PhonicStick were used for this evaluation. The 10 examined children were equally divided into a test and a control group.In addition, a meta study was performed, where all the studies relevant to phonological awareness and the PhonicStick were evaluated. Data from these studies were summarized, and processed statistically. Only two statistically significant (p<0.05) differences could be shown after the training with the PhonicStick: both the test group and the control group obtained better results in the posttest in the test of “phoneme identification” and the test group performed better at the test “word production” then the control group. A possible interpretation of the results could be that there might be an intuitive phonological awareness that can not be tested with the current tests for phonological awareness. / The PhonicStick är en joystick som utvecklas med avsikt att bli ett kommunikationshjälpmedel att användas för människor med grava fysiska funktionsnedsättningar. Under utvecklingsarbetet undersöktes om det även kunde användas för att träna fonologisk medvetenhet hos 6-8-åringar. Undersökningarna visade inte någon statistisk skillnad i fonologisk medvetenhet när detta undersöktes med gängse normerade tester efter träning med the PhonicStick. En förklaring kunde vara att dessa barn redan tränats i att läsa och skriva i skolan. Därför undersöktes i en delstudie i detta arbete om en skillnad i resultat på de normerade testen kunde hittas om barnen var 4-5-år istället för 6-8. Delar av ett normerat test för fonologisk medvetenhet och ett bearbetat testmaterial för the PhonicStick användes vid utvärderingen. De 10 undersökta barnen var jämt fördelade på testgrupp och kontrollgrupp. Dessutom utfördes en metastudie, i vilken alla inom området fonologisk medvetenhet relevanta studier med the PhonicStick utvärderades. Data från dessa studier sammanfattades och bearbetades statistiskt. Endast två skillnader kunde med statistiskt säkerhet (p<0,05) visas efter träning med the PhonicStick: både testgruppen och kontrollgruppen var bättre på posttestet i deltestet ”fonemidentifiering” och testgruppen presterade bättre på deltestet ”ordproduktion” än vad kontrollgruppen gjorde. En möjlig tolkning av resultaten kan vara att det kan finnas en intuitiv fonologisk medvetenhet som inte kan testas med gängse test för fonologisk medvetenhet.

An objective of this study is to investigate what current research states regarding how violent, sexist, and racist norms in video games affects the player over time. Another objective is to investigate in what way the current longitudinal research takes different aspects of game design and the player’s context into consideration. This was done by conducting a systematic literature review. The findings suggest that current longitudinal research has focused on violent norms in video games, and that a few or no longitudinal studies have investigated how sexist and racist norms affect the player. The findings also suggest a connection between playing violent video games and aggression. However, the cause for this effect and how powerful it is, is yet not concluded. These issues and suggestions for further research are discussed.