Orientador : Egberto R. Turato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T10:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Casser_AlceuRoberto_D.pdf: 6104453 bytes, checksum: 6e6474c5ecb071718e2bc0777f7d322e (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Resumo: O presente trabalho procura repensar a relação médico-paciente através do Método Observacional-Compreensivo, composto parcialmente pelo Método de observação da relação Mãe Bebê na Família (Bick 1964) e pela aproximação compreensiva do Método Clínico (Trinca 1984). Utilizando-se deste guia metodológico, o autor procura através das. Situações clínicas observadas, que foram complementadas com entrevistas, ilustrar, sensibilizar e abrir uma discussão sobre a prática médica no que se refere aos cuidados emocionais, na relação do médico com seu paciente. Optou-se pelos consultórios de família para o trabalho de campo, pois são os que reúnem,no entender do autor, as melhores condições ambientais para que se observem os trâmites emocionais que envolvem o médico e seu paciente, no seu dia a dia comum. Os trabalhos na área da Psicologia Médica do renomado médico húngaro M.Balint é a escolha teórica do autor, pois além de ter sido um pioneiro no assunto, desenvolveu um método semelhante ao que o autor propõe, e, suas proposições conceituais permanecem valiosas e são aplicáveis à realidade brasileira / Abstract: This paper searchs away to investigate doctor- patient relationship through Comprehensive-Observational method, which is composed of Bick's (1964) method on Mather - Baby observation and Trinca's(1984) Comprehensive aproach of The Clinical Method. The author uses this method guide to search a way through clinical situations observed and completed with interviews, to illustrate, to sensibilize and to re-start adiscussion about emocional everyday medical practice. It was choosen - family medical bureau because on authors thinking, it concentrate a better surrondings conditions for emocional care. Michael Balint is the author's teorerical preference because of his originality on creating a method to help doctors on their practice, which is close to the author's idea, and also because his main ideas still untouchable. And aplicable to the Brazilian medical pratice / Doutorado / Mestre em Saude Mental

This thesis [written in German] is the first known study to analyze the writings of the Austrian, Franz Michael Felder, as an educative device, which the author himself utilized to enlighten and instruct his country folk in Bregenzerwald, Vorarlberg. An attempt is made to uncover the basic message inherent in all of Felder’s works: close family relationship, high moral standards and diligence are important to him; he fights petty prejudice, meaningless tradition and hypocrisy. The many native customs peculiar to the region are, of course, immanent in his literary production and, what is particularly significant, he stages a continuous battle against the social and political pressures of the time. He sees the need for community action in pooling meager resources to combat influential outside monopolies which stifle the economy of his remote alpine region. Franz Michael Felder’s message is somber. It lacks the folksy homespun qualities observed in similar writers, such as Rosegger, Gotthelf, Hansjacob , Huggenberger, Löns, Schönherr and Ludwig Thoma. Felder educates his people to a better understanding of themselves and a greater tolerance of others. He seeks equality of rights and equal justice for everyone. With a seriously discerning attitude he probes local problems confronting his people; these he portrays in true to life situations, attempting to search the causes. While Felder does not advocate to change customs and established ways of life, he wants to better his people’s situation for their own welfare and self-improvement. Felder’s literary importance is manifold: he writes from true experience, which he incorporates into beneficial teaching for his people; Austria in its entirety and much of Europe is quite akin to the style of rural living described by Felder for the Vorarlberg. Thus he captures a true picture of nineteen-century village life with its economic and social implications. This study treats of Felder’s literary achievements only. It casually mentions his other, more visible accomplishments, such as the foundation of a dairy association, an agricultural produce co-op, a cattle insurance company, a weaving co-op. He established a library and a reading club. This he did in a relatively brief span of time for he died at the age of twenty-nine. Not only did Felder make material life easier for his countrymen, he freed them spiritually as well. The research of this thesis concludes that Felder, though relatively unknown in literature is possibly the most influential and lasting of all Vorarlberg writers. His description does not have the pastoral serenity usually peculiar to village tales; there is little to see of the pretty mountain landscapes, or the cool green meadows with rustling brooks and cowbells ringing. Felder does not indulge the reader – instead he describes reality, actual people and their problems – the reader gets what he needs. This, then, is the universality of Felder’s work: in essence, he reflects truth.

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As lipases têm um papel importante no desenvolvimento da biotecnologia e são empregadas na química orgânica como biocatalisadores com alta regio- quimio- e enantiosseletividade. Além de permitir sínteses mais sustentáveis e que estão em concordância com os princípios da Química Verde. A resolução enzimática de aminas racêmicas tem se mostrado uma maneira eficiente de obter aminas enantiomericamente puras, que podem ser empregadas na síntese assimétrica de fármacos e agroquímicos. Neste trabalho a resolução enzimática de 4 aminas primárias sendo elas 2-amino-heptano 1, 2-metil-cicloexil amina 3, 1-metil-3-fenilpropilamina 2, 1,2,3,4-tetra-hidro-1-naftilamina 4, foram estudadas obtendo-se resultados relevantes. Para a 2-amino-heptano 1 resultados semelhantes aos da literatura foram obtidos com uma redução de 2,4 vezes no tempo reacional quando a resolução cinética foi em hexano na presença de CAL-B e acetato de etila como acilante obteve-se uma conversão na (R)-N-(1-metil-hexil)acetamida 4 de 42% e um excesso enantiomérico de 88% (tempo = 7h). Observaram-se também os efeitos da concentração de lipase no meio reacional, da temperatura e de diferentes solventes frente a 11 lipases. Os primeiros estudos de resolução cinética enzimática com a 2-metilcicloexil-amina 3 são apresentados neste trabalho com conversões de até 98% porém sem excesso enantiomérico. Uma outra característica das lipases é a capacidade de catalisar reações diferentes da sua função natural (promiscuidade), o que permite que elas catalisem reações de adição de Michael, além de suas reações normais que são a hidrólise e esterificação. A adição de Michael catalisada por lipases entre as 4 aminas primárias já citadas e acrilonitrila foi estudada com e sem a influência da irradiação micro-ondas, demonstrando a maior estabilidade de lipases imobilizadas sob irradiação micro-ondas. Os adutos de Michael obtidos (3-[(1-metil-hexil)amino]propanonitrila 9, 3-[(1-metil-3-fenilpropil) amino]propanonitrila 10, 3-[(2-metil cicloexil)amino]propanonitrila 11 e 3-(1,2,3,4-tetra-hidronaftaleno-1-amino)propanonitrila 12) foram sintetizados pela primeira vez com a metodologia onde foi utilizada a água, acrilonitrila e irradiação micro-ondas e os adutos 9, 10 e 11 não são descritos na literatura. Outro viés do trabalho foi a clonagem e expressão da álcool desidrogenase de Bacillus subtilis que foi clonada, expressa e purificada com sucesso. O interesse em tal enzima deve-se a resultados obtidos na literatura onde a utilização de células íntegras de B. subtilis apresentou a redução de cetonas a álcoois com alta enantiosseletividade. / Lipases present an important role in the development of biotechnology and are employed as biocatalysts in organic chemistry with high regio-, quimioand enantioselectivity. Besides allowing more sustainable syntheses that are consistent with the principles of Green Chemistry. The enzymatic resolution of amines has been shown to be an efficient way to obtain enantiomerically pure amines, which can be used in asymmetric synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. In this work the enzymatic resolution of 4 primary amines them being 2-amino-heptane textbf 1, 2-methyl-cyclohexyl amine 3, 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine 2 1.2 ,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine 4 were studied by obtaining relevant results. For the 2-amino-heptane 1 promoted results similar to the literature and were obtained with a 2.4 times reduction of the reactional time when the kinetic resolution was in hexane in the presence of CAL-B and ethyl acetate as acylating obtained a conversion in (R)-N-(1-methyl-cyclohexyl) acetamide 4 by 42 % and an enantiomeric excess of 88 % (time = 7h). We studied the effects of the concentration of lipase in the reaction, temperature and solvent using 11 different lipases. The first studies of enzymatic kinetic resolution with 2-methyl-cyclohexyl- amine 3 are presented in this work with conversions up to 98% but without enantiomeric excess. The ability of lipases to catalyze reactions with different natural function (promiscuity) is an important property, which allows them to catalyze Michael addition reactions beyond their normal reactions, the hydrolysis and esterification. The Michael addition catalyzed by lipases between the four aforementioned primary amines and acrylonitrile was studied with and without the influence of microwave irradiation, demonstrating the greater stability of immobilized lipases under microwave irradiation. The Michael adducts obtained (3 - [(1-methylhexyl) amino] propanonitrile 9, 3 - [(1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl) amino] propanonitrile 10, 3 - [(2 - methyl cyclohexyl) amino] propanonitrile 11 and 3 - (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-amino) propanonitrile 12) were first synthesized with the method where water is used, acrylonitrile and microwave radiation, the adducts 9,10 and 11 are not described in the literature. Another investigation of this study was the cloning and expression of alcohol desidrogrenase of Bacillus subtilis which has been cloned, expressed and purified successfully. Interest in the enzyme due to results in the literature where the use of whole cells of B. subtilis showed the reduction of ketones with high enantioselectivity.

As lipases têm um papel importante no desenvolvimento da biotecnologia e são empregadas na química orgânica como biocatalisadores com alta regio- quimio- e enantiosseletividade. Além de permitir sínteses mais sustentáveis e que estão em concordância com os princípios da Química Verde. A resolução enzimática de aminas racêmicas tem se mostrado uma maneira eficiente de obter aminas enantiomericamente puras, que podem ser empregadas na síntese assimétrica de fármacos e agroquímicos. Neste trabalho a resolução enzimática de 4 aminas primárias sendo elas 2-amino-heptano 1, 2-metil-cicloexil amina 3, 1-metil-3-fenilpropilamina 2, 1,2,3,4-tetra-hidro-1-naftilamina 4, foram estudadas obtendo-se resultados relevantes. Para a 2-amino-heptano 1 resultados semelhantes aos da literatura foram obtidos com uma redução de 2,4 vezes no tempo reacional quando a resolução cinética foi em hexano na presença de CAL-B e acetato de etila como acilante obteve-se uma conversão na (R)-N-(1-metil-hexil)acetamida 4 de 42% e um excesso enantiomérico de 88% (tempo = 7h). Observaram-se também os efeitos da concentração de lipase no meio reacional, da temperatura e de diferentes solventes frente a 11 lipases. Os primeiros estudos de resolução cinética enzimática com a 2-metilcicloexil-amina 3 são apresentados neste trabalho com conversões de até 98% porém sem excesso enantiomérico. Uma outra característica das lipases é a capacidade de catalisar reações diferentes da sua função natural (promiscuidade), o que permite que elas catalisem reações de adição de Michael, além de suas reações normais que são a hidrólise e esterificação. A adição de Michael catalisada por lipases entre as 4 aminas primárias já citadas e acrilonitrila foi estudada com e sem a influência da irradiação micro-ondas, demonstrando a maior estabilidade de lipases imobilizadas sob irradiação micro-ondas. Os adutos de Michael obtidos (3-[(1-metil-hexil)amino]propanonitrila 9, 3-[(1-metil-3-fenilpropil) amino]propanonitrila 10, 3-[(2-metil cicloexil)amino]propanonitrila 11 e 3-(1,2,3,4-tetra-hidronaftaleno-1-amino)propanonitrila 12) foram sintetizados pela primeira vez com a metodologia onde foi utilizada a água, acrilonitrila e irradiação micro-ondas e os adutos 9, 10 e 11 não são descritos na literatura. Outro viés do trabalho foi a clonagem e expressão da álcool desidrogenase de Bacillus subtilis que foi clonada, expressa e purificada com sucesso. O interesse em tal enzima deve-se a resultados obtidos na literatura onde a utilização de células íntegras de B. subtilis apresentou a redução de cetonas a álcoois com alta enantiosseletividade. / Lipases present an important role in the development of biotechnology and are employed as biocatalysts in organic chemistry with high regio-, quimioand enantioselectivity. Besides allowing more sustainable syntheses that are consistent with the principles of Green Chemistry. The enzymatic resolution of amines has been shown to be an efficient way to obtain enantiomerically pure amines, which can be used in asymmetric synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. In this work the enzymatic resolution of 4 primary amines them being 2-amino-heptane textbf 1, 2-methyl-cyclohexyl amine 3, 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine 2 1.2 ,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine 4 were studied by obtaining relevant results. For the 2-amino-heptane 1 promoted results similar to the literature and were obtained with a 2.4 times reduction of the reactional time when the kinetic resolution was in hexane in the presence of CAL-B and ethyl acetate as acylating obtained a conversion in (R)-N-(1-methyl-cyclohexyl) acetamide 4 by 42 % and an enantiomeric excess of 88 % (time = 7h). We studied the effects of the concentration of lipase in the reaction, temperature and solvent using 11 different lipases. The first studies of enzymatic kinetic resolution with 2-methyl-cyclohexyl- amine 3 are presented in this work with conversions up to 98% but without enantiomeric excess. The ability of lipases to catalyze reactions with different natural function (promiscuity) is an important property, which allows them to catalyze Michael addition reactions beyond their normal reactions, the hydrolysis and esterification. The Michael addition catalyzed by lipases between the four aforementioned primary amines and acrylonitrile was studied with and without the influence of microwave irradiation, demonstrating the greater stability of immobilized lipases under microwave irradiation. The Michael adducts obtained (3 - [(1-methylhexyl) amino] propanonitrile 9, 3 - [(1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl) amino] propanonitrile 10, 3 - [(2 - methyl cyclohexyl) amino] propanonitrile 11 and 3 - (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-amino) propanonitrile 12) were first synthesized with the method where water is used, acrylonitrile and microwave radiation, the adducts 9,10 and 11 are not described in the literature. Another investigation of this study was the cloning and expression of alcohol desidrogrenase of Bacillus subtilis which has been cloned, expressed and purified successfully. Interest in the enzyme due to results in the literature where the use of whole cells of B. subtilis showed the reduction of ketones with high enantioselectivity.

Esta tese propõe uma análise do romance americano The Hours (1998), de Michael Cunningham, que afirmamos ser uma reescrita da obra da escritora canônica Virginia Woolf na contemporaneidade. Trabalhamos com a ideia principal de adaptação, nos referindo de forma particular às adaptações literárias, tendo em vista que Cunningham utilizou para a composição de The Hours diversos trabalhos de ficção e não ficção que chamamos de obra de Woolf, estando assim inserida no campo dos trabalhos acadêmicos relacionados aos Estudos da Tradução e da Adaptação. Por esse motivo, decidimos utilizar dois conceitos principais de adaptação para embasar esta discussão: o de Linda Hutcheon (2006) e o de Julie Sanders (2006), pesquisadoras que atuam nessas áreas. Embora o trabalho de Hutcheon seja mais direcionado às chamadas adaptações fílmicas, sua importante teorização em torno da adaptação e dos adaptadores foi amplamente utilizada dentro da discussão que propomos sobre Michael Cunningham e a problemática em torno da elaboração do romance em questão. Segundo Hutcheon (2006), a adaptação é vista como um processo que comporta tanto a repetição quanto a novidade, sendo os adaptadores responsáveis pela seleção dos textos adaptados e também pelo modo como esses textos serão configurados em um produto final. Também trabalhamos com os conceitos de adaptação e de apropriação de Sanders (2006). Esse último revela o aspecto autoral e ideológico dos adaptadores nas adaptações. As apropriações servem, segundo nossa conclusão, para mostrar a interferência direta do adaptador na narrativa, seus preceitos e propostas literárias. Também evidenciam sua interpretação particular de temas, argumentos e personagens do texto-fonte. Ainda nos valemos do conceito de reescrita de Lefevere (1992a) para caracterizar The Hours como o trabalho que retomou as discussões em torno da obra virginiana na contemporaneidade. Essa retomada se deu para dois públicos: os professional readers conhecedores de seus textos de ficção e não ficção, as refrações e também para os non-professional readers, novo público que não necessariamente teve contato com a obra dessa autora. Esta pesquisa examinou o segundo volume dos Diários (1980), o sexto volume das Cartas (1982), além do romance Mrs. Dalloway (1925), trabalhos de Woolf, para mostrar, através de alguns exemplos e comentários, como se deu o processo de adaptação e apropriação de temas, personagens e outros elementos desses textos. Também serviu para observar de que maneira o adaptador Cunningham alternou adaptações com apropriações para formar a narrativa The Hours, produto literário final. Esse romance reescreve a obra de Woolf no contexto atual porque dialoga principalmente com o conceito pertinente de apropriação, indispensável para a apreciação de formas narrativas que trabalham com a ideia de adaptação. O leitor contemporâneo busca na ideologia do escritor-adaptador seu entendimento particular e propostas atuais para esse diálogo. / This thesis proposes an analysis of the American novel The Hours (1998), by Michael Cunningham, which we claim to be a modern-day rewrite of the oeuvre of canonical writer Virginia Woolf. We worked with the main idea of adaptation, referring in particular to literary adaptations, considering that Cunningham used several works of fiction and nonfiction, which we call Woolfs oeuvre, for the composition of The Hours. As such, it belongs to the field of academic work related to the Translation and the Adaptation studies. Therefore, we used two main concepts of adaptation to provide a basis for this discussion: those of Linda Hutcheon (2006) and Julie Sanders (2006), researchers working in these areas. Although Hutcheons work is more directed toward so-called filmic adaptations, its important theorizing regarding adaptation and adapters was extensively used in the discussion that we put forward on the subject of adapter Michael Cunningham and the problems surrounding the creation of the novel The Hours. According to Hutcheon (2006), adaptation is considered to be a process that involves as much repetition as it does novelty, and adapters are responsible both for the selection of adapted texts and also for how these texts will be configured in a final product. We also worked with the concepts of adaptation and appropriation of Sanders (2006). The concept of appropriation reveals the authorial and ideological aspect of adapters in adaptations, the direct intervention of the adapter in the narrative, its precepts and literary proposition. Besides, it demonstrates the adapters particular interpretation of themes, arguments and characters of the source text. We also availed ourselves of Lefeveres concept of rewriting (1992a) to characterize The Hours as the work that resumed the discussions surrounding Woolfs work in current times. This resumption was aimed at two readerships: professional readers connoisseurs of her works of fiction and nonfiction, and the refractions and also for non-professional readers a new readership that has not necessarily had contact with Woolfs oeuvre. This research then examined the second volume of Diaries (1980), the sixth volume of Letters (1982), and the novel Mrs Dalloway (1925) works by Woolf to show, through examples and comments, how the process of adaptation of themes, characters and other elements of these texts played out. It was also necessary to observe how the adapter Cunningham alternated adaptations with his appropriations to create the narrative of The Hours, the final literary product. The novel The Hours rewrites Woolfs work in the current context because it principally maintains a dialog with the relevant concept of appropriation, indispensable to the enjoyment of narrative forms that work with the idea of adaptation. Present-day readers seek their own personal understanding and current propositions in the ideology of the writeradapter for this dialog.

C'est en 1767 que Jean-François Marmontel (1723-1799) publie son Bélisaire. Plus un traité socio-philosophique, miroir de son siècle, qu'un roman d'aventure, le Bélisaire de Marmontel retentira immédiatement dans la société de son temps et connaîtra une postérité fructueuse. En regroupant les idées clés de l'époque telles liberté de la pensée religieuse, tolérance civile (son point le plus vivement contesté par la critique et le plus ardemment défendu par son auteur), étendue de l’autorité royale, réforme souhaitée des systèmes fiscaux ainsi que des institutions de la vie civile…, l'ouvrage de Marmontel s'acquiert une importante popularité, son auteur ayant en plus remporté la victoire contre la Faculté de théologie de Paris. Il faut signaler également que le thème historique du vieux général byzantin n’est pas étranger à la littérature européenne antérieure à l’époque des Lumières françaises mais, là, ce sujet reste plutôt historique, sans l’attirail de la pensée novatrice dont Marmontel va le doter. Ainsi, parmi de tels ouvrages l’on range également le drame du Ragusain Antun Gledjević « Bélisaire ou Elpidie ». Cependant, c’est la trame idéologique du roman de Marmontel qui conduit le croate Michael Horvath (1733-1810), prêtre originaire de la région autrichienne de Burgenland, à publier à Vienne - très probablement en 1772 - une adaptation en langue latine du roman français. Une autre version latine (remaniement de la première édition) verra le jour en 1806 par les soins du libraire viennois, Aloysius Doll. / In 1767 Jean-François Marmontel (1723-1799) published a “novel” which he intitled Bélisaire. Much more a socio-philosophical treaty well anchored in its century’s philosophy than an adventure novel, Marmontel’s Bélisaire was an immediate success in his time and inspired many a literary follower in decades to come. Summing up the key ideas of its time, namely freedom of thought in religious matters, civil toleration (the novel’s strongest point, the most criticized by its opponents as well as the most fiercely defended by its author), extension of the royal authority, a most wished for reform of the tax system and, on a larger scale, of various social institutions…, Marmontel’s work quickly gained popularity, which was largely due to his author’s triumph over the Sorbonne theological party. The leitmotiv of Justinian’s old general, whose conduct was synonym of nothing but impeccable righteousness, was not unknown to the European literary pre-Enlightenment production, though back then the traditional plot lacked the novelty elements with which Marmontel endowed his Bélisaire. In this lineage we can place a play intitled « Belisarius or Elpidia » by the Ragusan poet Antun Gledjević. But it was primarily the ideological filament of Marmontel's novel that inspired the Croatian priest Michael Horvath (1733-1810) to publish a Latin version of Marmontel's text (most probably in 1772). A second Latin version of the text (published by a Vienna typographer Aloysius Doll) appeared in 1806.