This commentary accompanies a portfolio of nine compositions written between October 2006 and June 2009. This commentary traces the development of a range of compositional ideas throughout the portfolio. These revolve around the creation of multilayered textures where all the material and all subtle variations thereof are audible, leading to an investigation of rhythmical block durations and the role of memory. The context in which these ideas arose is provided through discussion of specific existing work that closely relates to the portfolio, in particular by John Cage, Morton Feldman, György Ligeti and Giacinto Scelsi.

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Orientador: Jonatas Manzolli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T01:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Porres_AlexandreTorres_M.pdf: 11455716 bytes, checksum: ea6618983f2e1d8ab253db22a60f9f9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Foram estudados, na presente pesquisa, Sistemas de Afinação com o intuito de investigar a aplicação desse conhecimento em Processos Criativos. Para tal, desenvolvemos uma distinção de abordagens composicionais na música do Século XX, e também estudamos o mecanismo de construção de escalas adotando, principalmente, o estudo da Psicoacústica (i.e. Modelo de Dissonância Sensorial), que propiciou o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional tanto de análise de sons e Sistemas de Afinação, quanto de criação sonora. Os estudos serviram de base para o desenvolvimento de Processos Criativos com comentários de acordo com os objetivos de pesquisa / Abstract: On the present research, Tuning Systems were studied in order to investigate its application in Creative Processes. For such, we created a distinction of compositional approaches in the music of the 20th Century, and we also studied mechanisms of scale development by mainly adopting Psychoacoustics (i.e. Roughness Model), which enabled the development of a computational tool for the analysis of sounds and Tuning Systems, as well as musical creation. The studies have been applied in Creative Processes with comments and discussions over the research¿s objectives / Mestrado / Mestre em Música

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<p>Bilaga: 1 CD.</p>

Contemporary music for horn often requires techniques and musical or notational considerations that are unconventional with respect to the standard pedagogy of the instrument. As such, these considerations often represent a level of challenge to which the average-intermediate to advanced-hornist is unprepared to approach or altogether unfamiliar. The most prominent of these demands arising in the last few decades of the twentieth century through today include microtonality (such as extended just intonation and quarter tones), extended techniques in combination or juxtaposition (such as multiphonics and right hand technique), rhythmic complexity (including metric modulation, non-dyadic meters, additive rhythms, and nested tuplets), and unconventional notations (graphic, spatial, and other temporal notations). This document first surveys the challenges of the repertoire in question, which includes works by György Ligeti, Thea Musgrave, Milton Babbitt, Brian Ferneyhough, Iannis Xenakis, Heinz Holliger, and Douglas Hill, among others. After considering the merits and limitations of existing pedagogical materials that work towards these ends, the document then underlines a strategic pedagogical goal for understanding and approaching unconventional contemporary repertoire through newly-composed etudes. This document is written in conjunction with and justification for the author's 24 Unconventional Etudes for Horn, and includes examples therefrom.

Cette thèse explore la transformation du langage modal traditionnel moyen-oriental en un langage contemporain à travers la composition musicale. Son objectif principal est de définir comment les codes esthétiques et les idiomes des systèmes modaux orientaux s’intègrent à la musique contemporaine occidentale, en évitant de la désigner comme étant une musique hybride. La thèse analyse ce processus de recherche et de création en trois grandes parties. La première étape consiste en une révision du concept de mode, mettant en évidence les caractéristiques propres aux traditions orales de la musique du Moyen-Orient et du Proche-Orient, en se concentrant sur les systèmes modaux du dastgah et du maqam. Cette partie veut montrer les rapprochements possibles entre l’approche théorique et pratique des modes orientaux, en accordant une attention particulière aux notions telles que le motif stéréotype (aspect tonal-spatial minimal du mode), les morphèmes (codes esthétiques minimaux) et l’hétérophonie (dimension verticale des modes orientaux). J’y relève l’importance de l’aspect sémantique et de la subjectivité des caractères des modes orientaux à travers les oeuvres que j’ai composées dans le cadre de cette thèse. La deuxième partie présente deux types de transformation esthétique : l’un basé sur les éléments endogènes et l’autre sur les éléments exogènes des systèmes modaux orientaux. Des notions importantes afin de bien pouvoir cerner les facteurs endogènes d’un langage musical sont reliées aux éléments linguistiques comme la sémiotique, la syntaxe et la sémantique. Ces dernières sont utilisées pour établir des liens hypothétiques avec les structures musicales des systèmes modaux transformés. L’approche endogène consiste à extraire des éléments sémiotiques, des morphèmes et des idiomes du langage modal oriental et à les utiliser en dehors de leur contexte syntaxique traditionnel. Quant à elle, la transformation basée sur les facteurs endogènes d’un mode ne fait pas appel à des caractéristiques externes de son système. Elle veut plutôt parvenir à un contexte symbolique du langage en rétablissant de nouvelles structures syntaxiques. La transformation basée sur les facteurs exogènes aborde la musique dite « contemporaine occidentale » en se confrontant aux paramètres musicaux des modes orientaux. J’y utilise les théories de composition musicale du XXe et du XXIe siècle de cette musique, en particulier au niveau des techniques et de l’esthétique qui implique une recherche sur la texture et le timbre. Contrairement à mon approche endogène, celle autour des paramètres exogènes préserve souvent II les structures normales des systèmes modaux, utilisant une approche expressionniste pour en exagérer les symboles traditionnels. Cette deuxième approche présente un style inédit qui explore l’interdépendance des tendances communes entre la tradition orientale et la musique contemporaine occidentale, notamment l’hétérophonie, la microtonalité et les rythmes asymétriques. La troisième et dernière partie de la thèse présente une analyse approfondie des oeuvres que j’ai composées dans le cadre de ma recherche, soit des études concertantes, quatre pièces solos et quatre pièces pour orchestre ou quatuor à cordes avec ou sans le kamancheh. Ces oeuvres intègrent dans leur construction les caractéristiques symboliques des systèmes du dastgah et du maqam, avec ou sans les syntaxes traditionnelles, tout en transformant ces systèmes à travers les techniques de composition occidentale telles que la polyrythmie, l’infrachromatisme, la micropolyphonie et les modes de jeux contemporains. J’introduis dans ces créations une écriture inédite qui présente des paradigmes modaux tels que la polymodulation, l’amodalité, l’hétéromodalité, la chromodalité et la pansonorité orientale. En résumé, cette thèse vise à démontrer que la flexibilité, la liberté esthétique et l’autonomie de la musique contemporaine lui permettent d’être juxtaposée à des symboles esthétiques provenant de différents langages musicaux. Dans ma démarche, je démontre que la musique contemporaine peut ainsi devenir un sous-genre avant-gardiste du genre musical de la « musique du monde ». / This thesis delves into the metamorphosis of traditional Middle Eastern modal language into a contemporary idiom through the medium of musical composition. Its principal objective is to explore the integration of aesthetic codes and idioms from Eastern modal systems into Western contemporary music, all the while avoiding the label of hybrid music. The thesis dissects this process of research and creation through three major sections. The initial phase involves a revision of the concept of mode, highlighting the distinct characteristics of oral traditions in Middle Eastern and Near Eastern music. Focusing on the modal systems of dastgah and maqam, this section aims to reveal potential alignments between the theoretical and practical approaches to Eastern modes. It pays special attention to notions such as the stereotypical motif (the minimal tonal-spatial aspect of the mode), morphemes (minimal aesthetic codes), and heterophony (the vertical dimension of Eastern modes). The significance of semantic aspects and the subjectivity of Eastern modal traits is illuminated through a series of compositions created within the scope of this thesis. The second section introduces two types of aesthetic transformation: one based on endogenous elements and the other on exogenous elements of Eastern modal systems. Key concepts to comprehend the endogenous factors of a musical language are linked to linguistic elements like semiotics, syntax, and semantics. These are employed to hypothesize connections with the musical structures of transformed modal systems. The endogenous approach involves extracting semiotic elements, morphemes, and idioms from Eastern modal language and employing them outside their traditional syntactic context. Transformation grounded in the endogenous factors of a mode does not resort to external characteristics of its system. Instead, it seeks to achieve a symbolic context of language by reshaping new syntactic structures. Transformation guided by exogenous factors engages with the so-called "Western contemporary" music, aligning itself with the musical parameters of Eastern modes. Here, theories of 20th and 21st-century music composition are employed, particularly concerning techniques and aesthetics that involve investigations into texture and timbre. In contrast to the endogenous approach, the IV exogenous parameter approach often preserves the regular structures of modal systems, employing an expressionist approach to amplify traditional symbols. This second approach introduces a novel style that explores the interdependence of shared tendencies between Eastern tradition and Western contemporary music, including heterophony, microtonality, and asymmetrical rhythms. The third and final section of the thesis conducts a thorough analysis of the works I've composed within my research, encompassing concertante studies, four solo pieces, and four compositions for orchestra or string quartet with or without kamancheh. These creations incorporate the symbolic characteristics of dastgah and maqam systems in their construction, either with or without traditional syntax, while transforming these systems through Western compositional techniques such as polyrhythms, infrachromatism, micropolyphony, and extended techniques. These creations introduce an innovative notation that presents modal paradigms such as polymodulation, amodality, heteromodality, chromodality, and Eastern pansonority. In summary, this thesis aims to demonstrate that the flexibility, aesthetic liberty, and autonomy of contemporary music allow it to coexist with aesthetic symbols from diverse musical languages. Through this endeavor, it is shown that contemporary music can emerge as a pioneering sub-genre within the broader musical genre of "World music".

This thesis deals with the development of methods for composition in Just Intonation (JI). The author (Gustav Spoormaker) has composed a three movement String Trio in Just Intonation largely based on the theoretical ideas of Harry Partch, Marc Sabat and Kristofer Svensson which incorporates influences from contemporary microtonal music, early western classical music, jazz, and various types of world and folk music. Established core concepts of Just Intonation are explained for the author to then present their own theoretical and aesthetic ideas based on their artistic work. These ideas mostly center around practical aspects of JI composition, through presenting tangible approaches to modality, harmony, and counterpoint with the goal of ensuring an artistic result that enables both performability (tuneability) and stylistic flexibility. Concrete examples from the author’s artistic work are brought up to illustrate these ideas. The artistic results of these methods are discussed as well as their practical implications for performance.