The topic of this diploma thesis is semiotic analysis of terms "refugee" and "migrant" in the context of the current migration crisis. The thesis deals with analyzing these terms as semiotic signs. It deals with the way in which selected media treat these terms. Three Czech media were chosen for the research, with 15 selected articles containing research terms from each of them. The sample includes serious news (Aktualne.cz), tabloid news (Blesk.cz) as well as a blog (Blog iDnes.cz) as a journalistic platform, to which anyone can contribute. The research deals with the influence of the media on the formation of concepts and is framed by the theory of social construction of reality presented by T. Luckmann and P. L. Berger. The thesis deals with analysis on the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels. In the theoretical part, the theory of social construction of reality is outlined first. Then the thesis briefly introduces the circumstances of the migration crisis and the basic differences in the meaning of the analyzed signifiers and finally introduces the analytical concepts, which are Morris classification of semiotics, Saussure's distinction between syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships, as well as interrelationships in which individual words can appear in the text. The practical part then...

In recent years the Immokakee farming district, in Collier County Florida, has become a wealthy farming area. Factors responsible for this condition are as follows: A favorable climate, long growing seasons, enterprising farmers and business men, and government sponsored drainage of swamplands. However, a determining factor in the farmer's margin of profit, in this area, has been the abundance of cheap farm labor. / Typescript. / "August, 1954." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education." / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-54).

Bakgrund: Migranter som söker vård uppger ibland en lägre självskattad hälsa än personer från Sverige. Forskning visar också att ökad migration leder till att fler som inte kan det lokala språket söker vård i värdlandet. Förmågan att lyssna är av mycket stor betydelse för alla som jobbar inom vården, sjuksköterskan behöver kunna lyssna och förstå patientens berättelse om hens unika situation, symtom och upplevelser. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva migranters erfarenheter av språkbarriärer i mötet med vårdpersonal. Metod: Litteraturöversikt baserat på kvalitativa studier, som valdes utefter syftet. Denna studie följer Polit och Becks modell för litteraturöversikter, som följer nio steg. Resultat: Studien resulterade i två kategorier, Utmaningar i vårdrelationen och Utmaningar i att få stöd till att uppnå optimal hälsa, samt fyra subkategorier: Kommunikation genom professionell tolk, Kommunikation genom informell tolk, Att möta organisatoriska hinder och Att inte kunna förmedla sina omvårdnads- och hälsobehov. Slutsats: Att vara migrant och uppleva språkbarriärer i mötet med vårdpersonal kommer med många utmaningar och besvärande situationer. Det har visat sig att migranter har svårt att tillgodose sig hälso- och sjukvårdens tjänster och användningen av tolk kan innebära problem, det kan anses jobbigt att behöva dela personlig information via en tredje part. / Background: Increasing migration leads to more people that don't speak the local language seeking health care in the host country. Migrants from Iraq, for example, have a lower self-estimated health than people from Sweden. The ability to listen is of great importance to everyone who works in health care, nurses need to listen to the patient's narrative about his/her unique situation, symptoms and experience. Adequate communication also has to do with the nurses tutoring and information about the patients’ health issues, medication, or treatment. Prerequisites for good nursing mean, among other things, that the nurse must establish a trusting relationship with the patient and his or her relatives and have the competence to perform nursing measures. Aim: The aim of the study is to describe migrants' experiences of language barriers in the meeting with health care professionals. Method: Literature review based on qualitative studies, which were chosen according to the aim. This study follows Polit and Beck's model for literature studies, which follows nine steps. Result: The study resulted in two categories, Challenges in the care relationship and Challenges in receiving support to achieve optimal health, as well as four subcategories: Communication through a professional interpreter, Communication through an informal interpreter, Meeting organizational barriers and Not being able to communicate their nursing and health needs. Conclusion: Being a migrant and experience language barriers when being in contact with health care professionals comes with many challenges and troublesome situations. It has been shown that migrants have difficulties using health care services and the use of translator can be problematic since many find it difficult to share private information through a third part.

Introduction: Globally approximately 570,000 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer during the year 2018 making the condition the fourth most common cancer in women. Studies indicate that migrant women are screened for cervical cancer to a lower extent than nonmigrant women, which is a problem that requires attention. Aim: The aim of the present study was to describe migrants' experiences of cervical cancer screening. The aim was specified with two questions: What do migrant women experience as hindering regarding screening for cervical cancer? What do migrant women experience as facilitating regarding screening for cervical cancer? Method: A descriptive design with a literature review was used, twelve scientific qualitative articles were reviewed and analysed. Results: The four main themes were: barriers related to the healthcare system, sociocultural barriers, barrier at the individual level, and factors that promote participation in cervical cancer screening. The results showed that the main barriers were insufficient knowledge, language barriers and cultural barriers. Facilitating factors included cultural adaption and increased dissemination of information. Conclusion: In order to also suit immigrant women development of the screening programmes in the countries included in the bachelor thesis (Sweden, Norway, Finland, USA and Canada) is needed.

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La migration en provenance de Todgha (province deTinghir-Maroc) et à destination des pays européens remonte à plus d’un demi-siècle. Dans sa première phase, elle était temporaire. Cette tendance a évolué vers la fixation dès que la migration familiale a été déclenchée.Depuis, cette migration a connu de profondes mutations accompagnées d’une importante mobilité transnationale entre Todgha et l’espace européen. L’étendue de l’aire géographique de sa dispersion et l’attachement au pays d’origine a créé un espace transnational structuré par des réseaux communautaires et relationnels qui voient circuler aussi bien les individus que les marchandises et les idées.Le migrant a importé, reproduit et adapté ce qu’il a appris ailleurs pour participer au développement de son territoire d’origine tant au niveau, économique, culturel, social, environnemental que politique. Son implication dans la pratique citoyenne locale, se traduit dans le temps par des changements. De même qu’il a su crée rune jonction d’enjeux sur le territoire et un poids sur les acteurs locaux.Par sa présence partagée, il reste comme une composante dont il faut tenir compte pour comprendre le processus des transformations dont émerge cette oasis depuis des décennies / Migration from Todgha (Tinghir province-Morocco) to European countries had refer more than half a century. Firstly, had temporary. This trend has evolved towards securing soon as family migration wastriggered. Since then the migration has experienced profound changes accompanied by significant transnational-mobility between Todgha and the European area. The extent of the geographical area of its dispersion and attachment to the country of origin has created a transnational space that structured by community and relational networks then followed individuals and goods and ideas. The migrant had imported, reproduce, and adapt what he learned in the country of destination to participate in the developing his country of origin, as well as economic, cultural, social, environmental, and political. His involvement in local civic practice, resulting intime by changes. Containment it has created a joint stake in the territory and a weight on local players. Shared by his presence, it remains as a component to b econsidered to understand the process of transformation emerges this oasis for decades.

The Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola (hereon woodcock) is a wader adapted to woodland and farmland habitats. It is an important quarry species, widely hunted across Europe, but owing to its cryptic plumage and elusive nature, there exists only poor information concerning its natural history. As such, the conservation status of the woodcock remains uncertain. One area that is particularly lacking is knowledge of its ecology outside the breeding season. Generally, avian ecological studies have focused on breeding season events due to the importance of reproductive success in determining fitness. However, it is now apparent that the non-breeding season represents an equally important period of the annual cycle. For example, recent studies have shown that declines in some migratory bird populations were due to events during the non-breeding season, either during migration, or on the wintering grounds. In Britain, the non-breeding woodcock population comprises both British breeding and non-British breeding birds, yet the origins and relative distribution of these sub-populations is not fully understood. Nor is it known whether ecological differences exist between them. This thesis addresses these two aspects of woodcock biology, using stable isotope and radio-tracking methods. The former was used to assign birds to their likely origins and determine population-specific distributions across Britain. The latter was used, in conjunction with the former, to determine whether ecological differences exist between locally-breeding and non-locally breeding birds residing in Hampshire in winter. A large degree of mixing between birds from different breeding populations was apparent for woodcock residing in Britain over winter. Russia and Fennoscandia comprised the most likely origins of migratory birds and regional differences in distributions were apparent. The highest proportions of birds from Russia were found in Norfolk and Wales, whilst the highest proportions of birds from Fennoscandia were found in Scotland. The presence of non-breeding residents in Cornwall and Ireland also provided strong evidence for the short-distance, south-westerly movements of resident birds, which probably originated from Scotland. Locally, the movements and behaviour of birds were found to vary with age (adult vs. juvenile) and/or predicted migratory status (resident vs. migrant), with adult residents potentially representing the dominant group. Differences in habitat use, commuting flights, home range size and activity patterns were all apparent. As such, these findings might have important consequences for the relative survival rates and breeding success of resident and migrant woodcock. This work has provided new insights into the non-breeding ecology of woodcock in Britain and contributes significantly to European efforts to better understand this bird species. Given the importance of seasonal interactions, an understanding of events throughout the annual cycle is necessary and this can only be achieved through concerted efforts. Indeed, an integrated approach is imperative to develop the conservation plans necessary to ensure the sustainability of the woodcock.

The research examines a government educational outreach initiative for the children of migrant brick kiln workers in Western India. Through interviews with government officials, parent and para-teacher surveys, and participant observation, the researcher was able to compare the pilot initiative in Bhilwara district, Rajasthan with one in Gandhinagar district, Gujarat. The research highlights some of the impediments faced with planning education for migrant children and provides recommendations for the future of the program in Rajasthan and Gujarat.

This research study explored the meanings attributed by migrant Arab Muslim women to their experiences of childbirth in the UK. The objectives of the study were: • To explore migrant Arab Muslim women's experiences of maternity services in the UK. • To examine the traditional childbearing beliefs and practices of Arab Muslim society. • To suggest ways to provide culturally sensitive care for this group of women. An interpretive ontological-phenomenological perspective informed by the philosophical tenets of Heidegger (1927/1962) was used to examine the childbirth experiences of eight Arab Muslim women who had migrated to one multicultural city in the Midlands. Three in-depth semi structured audiotaped interviews were conducted with each woman; the first during the third trimester of pregnancy (28 weeks onwards), the second early in the postnatal period (1-2 weeks after birth) and the third one to three months later. Each interview was conducted in Arabic, then transcribed and translated into English. An adapted version of Smith’s model of interpretive phenomenological analysis (Smith 2003) together with the principles of Gadamer (1989) were used to analyse the interview data, aided by the use of the software package NVivo2. The analysis of the women’s experiences captures the significance of giving birth in a new cultural context, their perception of the positive and negative aspects of their maternity care and the importance of a culturally competent approach to midwifery practice. Six main themes emerged from analysis of the interviews: ‘displacement and reformation of the self’, ‘by the grace of God’, ‘the vulnerable women,’ ‘adaptation to the new culture,’ ‘dissonance between two maternity health systems’ and ‘the valuable experience’. These themes reflected the women’s lived experiences of their childbirth in the UK. The implications for communities, institutions, midwifery practice and further research are outlined. The study concludes that in providing culturally competent care, maternity caregivers should be aware of what might be significant in the religious and cultural understandings of Arab women but also avoid cultural stereotyping by maintaining an emphasis on individualised care.

This master thesis is driven by two main objectives. The first one is to provide a general overview of migration in economic theory with a specific focus on remittances and their aspects and impacts. We found that there is no clear consensus about effects of migration and remittances on source and target countries and thus further research is justified. The second aim of the thesis is to analyse migration and remittances between Ukraine and the Czech Republic using primary data from survey questionnaires collected by the Ukrainian Migration Project (UMP). According to our findings, remittances are determined mostly by demographic characteristics and levels of income on both the sending and receiving side, implying their altruistic origin. More importantly, it was not confirmed that remittances are channelled primarily into consumption. On the other hand, remittances do not influence productive spending of households either. These findings contribute to the overall discussion in the area of remittances and may suggest some policy implications.