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This study determined whether a cadenced-based exercise prescription (CBEP) enabled participants to increase the time they spend doing moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) to a greater extent than Standard Care (SC). Forty-six participants were recruited from the ENCOURAGE study and were allocated to SC (n=25) or CBEP (n=21). Data was collected at baseline (T0), prior to the intervention (T1) and then again at 16 (T2) and 24 (T3) weeks. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was assessed by accelerometry in 10 minute (MVPA10min) and sporadic bouts (MVPASpor) as well as step counts (StepsTotal, StepsMVPA). Although participants reported that CBEP helped them to increase their motivation to become more active, none of the accelerometer parameters differed between SC and CBEP at baseline, 8, 16, or 24 weeks. These data suggest that CBEP did not have an added benefit for influencing physical activity over time amongst a population of previously sedentary adults.

This study determined whether a cadenced-based exercise prescription (CBEP) enabled participants to increase the time they spend doing moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) to a greater extent than Standard Care (SC). Forty-six participants were recruited from the ENCOURAGE study and were allocated to SC (n=25) or CBEP (n=21). Data was collected at baseline (T0), prior to the intervention (T1) and then again at 16 (T2) and 24 (T3) weeks. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was assessed by accelerometry in 10 minute (MVPA10min) and sporadic bouts (MVPASpor) as well as step counts (StepsTotal, StepsMVPA). Although participants reported that CBEP helped them to increase their motivation to become more active, none of the accelerometer parameters differed between SC and CBEP at baseline, 8, 16, or 24 weeks. These data suggest that CBEP did not have an added benefit for influencing physical activity over time amongst a population of previously sedentary adults.

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abstract: Perhaps the most common and forceful criticism directed at absolutist deontological theories is that they allow for the occurrence of morally catastrophic events whenever such events could only and certainly be prevented by the violation of a deontological constraint. Some deontologists simply bite the bullet, accept this implication of their theory, and give their best arguments as to why it does not undermine absolutism. Others, I think more plausibly, opt for an alternative deontological theory known as ‘moderate deontology’ and are thereby able to evade the criticism since moderate deontology permits violations of constraints under certain extreme circumstances. The goal of this thesis is to provide a defense of moderate deontology against three worries about the view, namely, that it is more accurately interpreted as a kind of pluralism than as a deontology, that there is no non-arbitrary way of setting thresholds for deontological constraints, and that the positing of thresholds for constraints would lead to some problematic results in practice. I will respond to each of these worries in turn. In particular, I will argue that moderate deontology is properly understood as a deontological theory despite its partial concern for consequentialist considerations, that thresholds for deontological constraints can be successfully located without arbitrariness by democratic appeal to people’s commonsense moral intuitions, and that the alleged problematic results of positing thresholds for constraints can be effectively explained away by the moderate deontologist. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Philosophy 2017

In 1994, Rwanda erupted into one of the most appalling cases of mass murder, leading to the death of about 800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutus. On 8 November 1994, the United Nations Security Council (SC) established the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) ‘to prosecute persons responsible for genocide and other serious violations of the international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens responsible for genocide and other such violations committed in the territory of neighbouring states between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994’. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2010. / A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mr. Pramod Bissessur of the Faculty of Law, University of Mautitius. 2010. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Over time, intellectual disability has been mythologised into folklore, religion and culture resulting in patterns of thought, communication, actions, customs, beliefs and values related to intellectual disability specific to particular societies (Smith, 2002 in Edwardraj, Mumtaj, Prasad, Kuruvilla & Jacob, 2010:736). However, data on the perceptions related to intellectual disabilities in the general population, and specifically in the more rural areas are sparse. The individual with an intellectual disability may have a significant influence on his family members, as he or she may demand specific requirements and obligations of the family members, depending on the severity of the intellectual disability (Moyson & Roeyers, 2012:88). According to Mandleco, Frost Olsen, Dyches and Marshall (2003:365), relatively limited research has explored the relationship between the parents' and non-disabled siblings' functioning when living with an individual with an intellectual disability. The adolescent is in need of healthy support within the family system to help him during his unique process of change. Within families with intellectual disabilities, healthy functioning may be influenced or challenged (Graff, Neely-Barnes & Smith, 2008:240). However, according to Begum and Blacher (2011:1581) research indicates that there seems to be inconsistent findings on the manner in which individuals with intellectual disabilities have an impact on their non-disabled siblings. Therefore, it was the goal of this study to explore the experiences of adolescents living with a sibling with a moderate to severe intellectual disability. The family-systems theory could provide an appropriate theoretical framework to work from in order to explore the experiences of adolescents living with a sibling with a moderate to severe intellectual disability, seeing that the reciprocal influences of different sub-systems was explored. In order to achieve this goal a qualitative research approach was adopted. Applied research was considered the most suitable as the research findings emanating from this study could be used to propose recommendations regarding new problems or strengths identified and potential services that could be of benefit to families with children/siblings with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities. Only the identified non-disabled adolescents participated in this study. Research was conducted in the Carletonville area, Gauteng Province. The intrinsic case study was employed as the research design. The researcher recruited 10 (n=10) participants through two non-probability sampling techniques, namely purposive sampling, followed by snowball sampling. Semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted to gather rich information from the participants. A pilot study was conducted in order to pre-test the interview schedule's effectiveness. Creswell's process for thematic data analysis was used to extrapolate themes and sub-themes. The trustworthiness of the data interpretation was confirmed through reflexivity, peer debriefing and an audit trail. The outcome of the empirical study revealed that the participants were unfamiliar with the term intellectual disability and that they demonstrated a limited ability to define intellectual disability as a phenomenon. As a result, they had a lack of knowledge regarding their siblings' functioning, as well as necessary current and future support needed. It seemed as if the lower the socio-economic background of the participant, the less likely he was to have basic knowledge and insight into his sibling's condition and the implications thereof. It was concluded that the general public seems to have a lack of knowledge regarding intellectual disability as a phenomenon, as participants were of the opinion that the public acted in a discriminative manner towards their siblings and persons with intellectual disabilities. The experiences of adolescents living with a sibling with a moderate to severe intellectual disability was explored in terms of their emotions; their relationships with their sibling and with their parents; as well as the influence of living with their sibling in their lives. Amongst other findings, participants experienced that their siblings received more attention or preferential treatment from their parents. As a result, emotions of sadness and anger were experienced. Participants were concerned about their siblings' care and support. They experienced anxiety, stress and guilt regarding their siblings in terms of care and support; therefore their schoolwork was influenced negatively. The siblings with an intellectual disability influenced the participants' lives positively as their understanding of individuals with intellectual disabilities was enhanced. Lastly, participants were in favour of support and educational groups, professional counselling, as well as guidance in terms of coping mechanisms to support them and their families. The guidelines proposed for practitioners working with families with an individual with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities are the following: Educate parents and family members involved regarding intellectual disability as phenomenon in order to eliminate misconceptions, unrealistic expectations and family conflict; enhance parents' awareness of existing support services in their surrounding communities; implement community awareness projects in cooperation with the existing centres for people with intellectual disabilities in order to empower the community with adequate knowledge regarding intellectual disability. In order to reduce stigma and discrimination associated with intellectual disability, considering the need for support services identified through this research; practitioners should ensure the rendering of therapeutic services, as well as support and educational groups. In rendering these services practitioners can play a role in reinforcing such families' wellbeing, socio-emotional functioning and interpersonal relationships. / Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Social Work and Criminology / MSW / Unrestricted

Abstract This research focuses on developing former mining sites situated in the south of the City of Johannesburg that are contaminated with radon gas. This well-located land would be suitable for development of houses for low – to – moderate-income earners, preferably those living +10km away from the city centre. Former mining land has been developed in other countries both in Europe and in America. The results from international experience shows that houses had been developed on sites contaminated with radon and people had lived longer than 35 years without contracting lung cancer. The literature reviewed reveals that radon is the world’s second greatest cause of lung cancer after cigarette smoke. There are local and international norms and standards that development of land contaminated with radon should adhere too. In South Africa, the National Nuclear Regulator (NNR) sets the norms and standards for development of land contaminated with radon in which compliance with international norms and standards has been predetermined. Utilisation of the former mining land south of the City of Johannesburg will reduce development of houses at the periphery and will bring people closer to employment opportunities, amenities, transportation, services and facilities required for sustainable housing environment. Radon-contaminated land was visited, and surveys were administered to get different opinions from people who are close to mine dumps and those who are far from the Central Business District. The results show that people are interested and prepared to take the risk of living in areas contaminated with radon. The City of Johannesburg’s former mining land should therefore be considered to meet the goals of housing units. Therefore, former mining land should in future be developed for housing purposes, provided approval has been granted by the relevant government departments.

Swedish migration and integration policy have been well debated in recent years. There are disagreements between the parliamentary parties regarding how the policy problems should be solved in the long run. This study will examine how the Moderate party describes their integration ideas in policy documents. The purpose is to investigate whether and how the Moderates’ integration policy has changed during the period 2001-2020. Carl Dahlström has a theory that categorizes immigration policy types, which have been used to clarify the political ideas within the Moderate party. This study shows that the Moderate party has a policy that is responsible for the individual’s freedom and right. Integration policy must create opportunities for people to become a part of the Swedish society. During the last period 2018-2020, however, the party began to make more demands on immigrants, such as language requirements. The focus has shifted from presenting most general measures to more selective ones. With more selective measures, the Moderate party now wants to create a better integration that especially supports immigrants.