The purpose of this master thesis is to analyze movements and changes on the Slovak political scene, Slovak party system as well as increase of support for antisystem and populist parties. The master thesis devotes its attention to individual governments, their characteristics and electoral support to relevant parties. The work is intended to answer the question whether the party system has changed over the period under review and in what way, and if the antisystemic parties and the phenomenon of populism have grown in the last six years. The theoretical concepts of Giovanni Sartori's party systems, the antisystemic parties from Sartori and Giovanni Capoccia and populism from Franciso Panizza, Cas Mudde, Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser and Chantal Mouffe are used to examine the dynamics of the Slovak political scene in order to answer the above questions. Keywords elections, political parties, party system, moderate pluralism, polarized pluralism, antisystem parties, protest parties, populism

The purpose of this master thesis is to analyze movements and changes on the Slovak political scene, Slovak party system as well as increase of support for antisystem and populist parties. The master thesis devotes its attention to individual governments, their characteristics and electoral support to relevant parties. The work is intended to answer the question whether the party system has changed over the period under review and in what way, and if the antisystemic parties and the phenomenon of populism have grown in the last six years. The theoretical concepts of Giovanni Sartori's party systems, the antisystemic parties from Sartori and Giovanni Capoccia and populism from Franciso Panizza, Cas Mudde, Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser and Chantal Mouffe are used to examine the dynamics of the Slovak political scene in order to answer the above questions. Keywords elections, political parties, party system, moderate pluralism, polarized pluralism, antisystem parties, protest parties, populism

Thesis will be focused on multilayered ideal of sobriety and closer examination of its meanings in the text of the Encyclical Laudato si'. The analytical part of the thesis will examine the term sobriety (sobrietas), its occurrence in texts of the Old and New Testament and the context of its use as a cardinal virtue or moderate political action. The Encyclical Laudato si' by Pope Francis will also be presented. The second part will deal with ethical aspects of sobriety in relation to the environment, to oneself, to the other person and to God in the footsteps of Pope in the Encyclical. Keywords sobriety, virtue ethics, moderate politics, alternative lifestyle, Encyclical Laudato si', Pope Francis, socio-ecological crisis

The past decade has been a relatively tumultuous time in Swedish parliamentary politics with minority governments, a new party challenging the status quo and ultimately the breaking of the second largest coalition in Swedish politics. The decade also saw some policy changes in parties, most strikingly the Moderate party which once an outspoken proponent of a lax immigration policy, saw a clear shift to a more restrictive policy after the 2015 refugee crisis. The first aim of this study is to explain what the shift in immigration policy looks like in terms of whether it was a positional change or a change in ideological emphasis too. By using the method of comparing manifestos the conclusion was reached that the Moderate party shifted both their positional policy and their ideological emphasis. The question of what drives political parties to change policy is a hotly debated one with a wide array of theories and perspectives contributing to the discussion. In addition this study also attempts to apply the theory first proposed by Harmel and Janda (1994) “An Integrated Theory of Party Goals and Party change” on the Moderate party to explain the driving force behind the shift in immigration policy. This was done by comparing Moderate party manifestos from the year 2006 to 2018 in three issues (immigration, private actors in the education sector and private actors in the healthcare sector) that saw the public opinion clearly shift away from the party. Mostly through the process of elimination the study concludes that the Moderate party likely shifted their position on immigration issues in order to have better chances of forming more advantageous coalitions in order to change their opposition status in the future.

Background: There are over 300 Primary Immunodeficiency diseases (PID) that are a result of a genetic or idiopathic dysfunction of any aspect of the immune system. These conditions result in a higher frequency of infections, autoimmune conditions, or malignancies. Moderate intensity exercise is thought to help the immune system, while high intensity exercise may have a negative impact on immune function. The impact of exercise on individuals with an impaired immune system due to PID is not yet understood. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a low to moderate intensity exercise program would have an effect on stress, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL) for individuals diagnosed with PID. Methods: 34 participants were included in this eight-week, mixed-methods, randomized controlled trial, either as part of the control group, or as part of the exercise intervention group. Participants completed pre- and post-study outcome measures, reflective journaling, and a post-study interview. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for the outcome measures, infection incidence, or need for non-routine medical care. There was a clinically significant decline in the Physical Component Summary score of the SF-36v2 for the control group at the end of the study. The scores for the SF-36v2, for all participants, were below normative scores for all domains, at the beginning and end of the study. Four main themes emerged from the qualitative interviews: living with a ‘new normal’, the challenges of living with a chronic disease, facing the stigma of a chronic disease, and wanting to exercise, but were too exhausted to do so. Conclusions: Individuals with a diagnosis of PID have lower QoL scores as compared to population norms. They face high levels of stress, overwhelming fatigue, social isolation, and decreased emotional well-being. Exercise programs for this patient population did not result in increased infections or need for non-routine medical care but did result in emotional implications that need to be considered. Healthcare providers need to address emotional well-being and provide coping strategies. Exercise programs should be designed with a slow, methodical ramp-up to avoid increasing fatigue or stress, while exercise goals must be highly achievable and realistic. Physical therapists should collaborate with other healthcare professionals for a more holistic and interprofessional approach to working with patients with a diagnosis of PID.

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This thesis presents four-quadrant CMOS current-mode multiplier architectures based on the bipolar Gilbert cell multiplier architecture. Multipliers are designed using the CMOS subthreshold region to take advantage of the subthreshold exponential I-V relationship that closely matches bipolar modeling. It is discovered that biasing to remove drift current components and to address higher order effects such as ideality factor mismatch, threshold mismatch, body effect, and short channel effects, is important to provide a linear multiplier. It is also shown that distortion caused by device size mismatch and offset input currents can be used to cancel the distortion introduced by drift currents when designing in weak and moderate inversion. This concept allows for linear multiplier designs with larger input currents which results in dramatic improvements in bandwidth over traditional weak inversion circuits. Three multiplier circuits are simulated and fabricated in an AMIS 0.35-um process. Circuits with less than 1 % nonlinear error and distortion (THD) across 100 % dynamic input range and with bandwidths greater than 100 MHz can be built. Also, low power multiplier solutions are presented that consume less than 40 nW of dynamic power.

This thesis demonstrates that the composite cascode differential stage, operating in the subthreshold region, can form the basis of a high gain (113 dB) and low-power op amp (28.1 µW). The circuit can be fabricated without adding a compensation capacitance. The advantages of this architecture include high voltage gain, low bandwidth, low harmonic distortion, low quiescent current and power, and small chip area. These advantages suggest that this design might be well-suited for biomedical applications where low power, low noise bio-signal amplifiers capable of amplifying signals in the millihertz-to-kilohertz range is required.

[pt] Nesta tese de Doutorado, nós estudamos cotas para as probabilidades de desvio de uma variável aleatória X que conta o número de arestas de um hipergrafo induzido por um subconjunto aleatório de m elementos do seu conjunto de vértices. Nós consideramos dois contextos: o primeiro corresponde a hipergrafos que possuem certo tipo de regularidade, ao passo que o segundo lida com hipergrafos que são, em algum sentido, longe de serem regulares. É possível aplicar estes resultados a estruturas discretas, como o conjunto de progressões aritméticas de tamanho k no grupo aditivo de inteiros módulo um primo e também no conjunto dos N primeiros inteiros positivos. Além disso, também deduzimos resultados para o caso em que o subconjunto aleatório é gerado incluindo cada vértice do hipergrafo independentemente com probabilidade p. / [en] In this Ph.D. thesis, we study bounds for the deviation probabilities of a random variable X that counts the number of edges of a hypergraph induced by a random m–element subset of its vertex set. We consider two contexts: the first corresponds to hypergraphs with some kind of regularity, whereas the second addresses hypergraphs that are in some sense far from being regular. It is possible to apply these results to discrete structures such as the set of k–term arithmetic progressions in the additive group of integers modulo a prime and in the set of the first N positive integers. Furthermore, we also deduce results for the case when the random subset is generated by including each vertex of the hypergraph independently with probability p.

[pt] Há dois séculos, o Brasil se tornava independente pela via do constitucionalismo, um período controverso em que diversas propostas em forma normativa, além do projeto da Constituinte e do Conselho de Estado, foram apresentadas para a constituição do Império brasileiro. O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar esses projetos e bases constitucionais datados entre 1822 e 1824 e comparar suas estruturas de governo e as liberdades individuais sob uma ótica teórica contemporânea aos fatos, especificamente as ideias do publicista franco-suíço Benjamin Constant. Para isso, foram empregados os métodos dedutivos e da Nova História, considerando a perspectiva de António Manuel Hespanha, e preceitos e técnicas do Direito Comparado. A pesquisa se justifica pela ausência de estudos exploratórios das demais formulações normativas publicizadas e a necessária adição de outros elementos e novas leituras para a melhor compreensão do debate público em torno da história constitucional brasileira. / [en] Two centuries ago, Brazil became independent through constitutionalism, a controversial period where several proposals in normative form, in addition to the project of the Constituent Assembly and the Council of State, were presented for the constitution of the Brazilian Empire. The objective of this dissertation is to analyze these projects and constitutional basis dated between 1822 and 1824, comparing their government structures and individual liberties from a theoretical perspective contemporary to the facts, specifically the ideas of the French-Swiss publicist Benjamin Constant. For this, deductive and New History methods were used, considering the perspective of António Manuel Hespanha, and precepts and techniques of Comparative Law. The research is justified by the absence of exploratory studies of other published normative formulations and the necessary addition of other elements and new readings for a better understanding of the public debate around Brazilian constitutional history.