This study is a contribution to the limited knowledge of how different types of media content (about Muslims and extremism) posted and shared on Facebook might influence corresponding user comments. Through analyzing the discourse of user comments this study aims to identify how comments might reflect certain characteristics of Islamophobia, and to which themes in Facebook posts commentators relate to the most. The linguistic analysis is guided by the use of critical discourse analysis. For the purpose of this study, three different types of articles/video and the corresponding comments are analyzed. Two of the articles/video that I will analyze are from unreliable media sources, and one of the articles is from a credible media source. The linguistic analysis showed that the majority of commentators expressed that they believe the claims made in the articles/video about Muslims and extremism are true. The discourse analysis further showed, the majority of articles/video and the majority of the analyzed corresponding comments reflected the [in the study] defined characteristics of Islamophobia. My findings confirmed similar studies done in the past.

Cette recherche a pour objet d’expliciter le processus d’attribution d’un nomde grands projets industriels, en étudiant l’impact du naming sur lesfournisseurs qui y participent.Sont mises en avant quatre variables majeures qui exercent une influence surles fournisseurs et façonnent la relation avec le porteur du projet endéveloppement. Une modélisation de l’impact du naming est proposée,permettant de dégager des pistes notamment en matière de branding BtoB. Letravail réalisé ici est de type exploratoire avec, comme terrain, le secteuraéronautique et en particulier une étude de cas collective et imbriquée,regroupant les trois projets Airbus : A3XX/A380, A350/A350 XWB et A30X.Caractérisée par une construction progressive et itérative, cette rechercheprocède de manière abductive avec de constants allers et retours entrel’empirique et le théorique. / The purpose of this research is to understand the naming process of complexindustrial projects, and more specifically its possible impact on the involvedsuppliers. We point out four key variables of the naming effect on suppliers,which are shaping the relationships between the prime contractor and tieronesin the project underway. A model is proposed which encompasses thediverse impacts of “project naming” on the suppliers, enabling to drawactionable conclusions in terms of B2B branding. This qualitative, searchand-discovery oriented research, is conducted in the aeronautical sector, andis based on the analysis of the collective and embedded case studies:A3XX/A380, A350/A350 XWB and A30X by Airbus. It is characterized by agradual and iterative construction, delivered through an abductive approach,where theoretical frameworks evolve simultaneously and interactively withempirical observation.

This thesis aims to map what arguments are used by the two biggest parties in Swedish politics, The Social Democratic Party and the Moderate Party, when discussing European politics in the European Affairs Committee (EAC) of the Swedish parliament. In order to realise this, frames used by the party representatives in the committee have been analysed. With the typology of Helbling et. al. (2010), a categorisation of four frames is applied, where each frame corresponds with a side of the left-right or the GAL-TAN-dimension. The study is structured by a number of hypotheses constructed based on findings of previous research, comparing both between the parties and changes over time. The results are assessed in relative terms, meaning that the study focuses on the parties’ relative use of frames rather than the absolute. All hypotheses find full or partial support, confirming expectations of previous research made on other European countries. However, some surprising results are found, highlighting new potential research questions for future studies.

This pilot study sought to develop and evaluate the use of a treatment package that included systematic and direct instruction on acquisition of literacy skills aligned with middle school English/Language Arts standards for students with moderate to severe disabilities, including autism. Participants included five teachers and 15 middle school students with moderate to severe disabilities who were primarily served in a self-contained setting. A one-group, nonrandomized, pre-posttest design was implemented to measure vocabulary, comprehen- sion of familiar text and unfamiliar text, poetry, research, and writing skills. Results indicated significant gains in vocabulary and comprehension of familiar text. Limitations, implications, and the need for future research are discussed.

<p>This research assessed landuse changes and trends in vegetation cover in the Sandveld, using remote sensing images. Landsat TM satellite images of 1990, 2004 and 2007 were classified using the maximum likelihood classifier into seven landuse classes, namely water, agriculture, fire patches, natural vegetation, wetlands, disturbed veld, and open sands. Change detection using remote sensing algorithms and landscape metrics was performed on these multi-temporal landuse maps using the Land Change Modeller and Patch Analyst respectively. Markov stochastic modelling techniques were used to predict future scenarios in landuse change based on the classified images and their transitional probabilities. MODIS NDVI multi-temporal datasets with a 16day temporal resolution were used to assess seasonal and annual trends in vegetation cover using time series analysis (PCA and time profiling).Results indicated that natural vegetation decreased from 46% to 31% of the total landscape between 1990 and 2007 and these biodiversity losses were attributed to an increasing agriculture footprint. Predicted future scenario based on transitional probabilities revealed a continual loss in natural habitat and increase in the agricultural footprint. Time series analysis results (principal components and temporal profiles) suggested that the landscape has a high degree of overall dynamic change with pronounced inter and intra-annual changes and there was an overall increase in greenness associated with increase in agricultural activity. The study concluded that without future conservation interventions natural habitats would continue to disappear, a condition that will impact heavily on biodiversity and significant waterdependent ecosystems such as wetlands. This has significant implications for the long-term provision of water from ground water reserves and for the overall sustainability of current agricultural practices.</p>

Der Beitrag unterteilt sich in zwei Teile: Teil 1 (vgl. Informationen/07; 1976,05) und Teil 2 (cp. Informationen/07; 1976,06). Teil 1 enthält eine Einleitung und Grenzwertsätze für unabhängige und identisch verteilte Zufallsgrößen und die Übertragung der betrachteten Grenzwertsätze auf den Fall der Existenz einseitiger Momente. Teil 2 enthält Grenzwertsätze für mittlere Abweichungen für Summen unabhängiger nichtidentisch verteilter Zufallsgrößen (Serienschema) und eine Diskussion der erhaltenen Ergebnisse und schließlich einige Literaturangaben. Sei F_n(x) die Verteilungsfunktion der Summe X_1+X_2+...+X_n, wobei X_1, X_2, ...,X_n unabhängige und identisch verteilte Zufallsgrößen mit Erwartungswert 0 und Streuung 1 und endlichen absoluten Momenten c_m, m>2, sind, und sei Phi die standardisierte Normalverteilungsfunktion. Es werden absolute Konstanten L_i derart berechnet, dass wir Fehlerabschätzungen im unleichmäßigen zentralen Grenzwertsätzen in verschiedenen Fällen angeben können, wobei sich der Index i in L_i auf folgende fünf Fälle bezieht: kleine x, mittlere Abweichungen für x, große Abweichungen für x, kleine n und große n. Im Fall der Existenz einseitiger Momente werden obere Schanken für 1-F_n(x) angegeben für x>D_m*n^(1/2)*ln(n) bzw. x>D_m*n^(1/2)*(ln(n))^(1/2), womit Ergebnisse von S.V.NAGAEV(1965) präzisiert werden. / The paper is divided in two parts: part 1 (cp. Informationen/07; 1976,05) and part 2 (cp. Informationen/07; 1976,06). Part 1 contains an introduction and limit theorems for iid random variables and the transfer of the considered limit theorems to the case of the existence of onesided moments. Part 2 contains limit theorems of moderate deviations for sums of series of non iid random variables and a discussion of all obtained results in part 1 and 2 and finally some references. Let F_n(x) be the cdf of X_1+X_2+...+X_n, where X_1, X_2, ...,X_n are iid random variables with mean 0 and variance 1 and with m-th absolute moment c_m, m>2, and Phi the cdf of the unit normal law. Explicit universal constants L_i are computed such that we have an error estimate in the nonuniform central limit theorem with the L_i, where i corresponds to the five cases considered: small x, moderate deviations for x, large deviations for x, small n , large n. Additional upper bounds for 1-F_n(x) are obtained if the one-sided moments of order m, m>2, are finite and if x>D_m*n^(1/2)*ln(n) and x>D_m*n^(1/2)*(ln(n))^(1/2) respectively improving results by S.V.NAGAEV (1965).

Der Beitrag unterteilt sich in zwei Teile: Teil 1 (vgl. Informationen/07; 1976,05) und Teil 2 (cp. Informationen/07; 1976,06). Teil 1 enthält eine Einleitung und Grenzwertsätze für unabhängige und identisch verteilte Zufallsgrößen und die Übertragung der betrachteten Grenzwertsätze auf den Fall der Existenz einseitiger Momente. Teil 2 enthält Grenzwertsätze für mittlere Abweichungen für Summen unabhängiger nichtidentisch verteilter Zufallsgrößen (Serienschema) und eine Diskussion der erhaltenen Ergebnisse und schließlich einige Literaturangaben. Sei F_n(x) die Verteilungsfunktion der Summe X_1+X_2+...+X_n, wobei X_1, X_2, ...,X_n unabhängige und identisch verteilte Zufallsgrößen mit Erwartungswert 0 und Streuung 1 und endlichen absoluten Momenten c_m, m>2, sind, und sei Phi die standardisierte Normalverteilungsfunktion. Es werden absolute Konstanten L_i derart berechnet, dass wir Fehlerabschätzungen im unleichmäßigen zentralen Grenzwertsätzen in verschiedenen Fällen angeben können, wobei sich der Index i in L_i auf folgende fünf Fälle bezieht: kleine x, mittlere Abweichungen für x, große Abweichungen für x, kleine n und große n. Im Fall der Existenz einseitiger Momente werden obere Schanken für 1-F_n(x) angegeben für x>D_m*n^(1/2)*ln(n) bzw. x>D_m*n^(1/2)*(ln(n))^(1/2), womit Ergebnisse von S.V.NAGAEV(1965) präzisiert werden. Der Beitrag unterteilt sich in zwei Teile: Teil 1 (vgl. Informationen/07; 1976,05) und Teil 2 (cp. Informationen/07; 1976,06). Teil 1 enthält eine Einleitung und Grenzwertsätze für unabhängige und identisch verteilte Zufallsgrößen und die Übertragung der betrachteten Grenzwertsätze auf den Fall der Existenz einseitiger Momente. Teil 2 enthält Grenzwertsätze für mittlere Abweichungen für Summen unabhängiger nichtidentisch verteilter Zufallsgrößen (Serienschema) und eine Diskussion der erhaltenen Ergebnisse und schließlich einige Literaturangaben. Sei F_n(x) die Verteilungsfunktion der Summe X_1+X_2+...+X_n, wobei X_1, X_2, ...,X_n unabhängige und identisch verteilte Zufallsgrößen mit Erwartungswert 0 und Streuung 1 und endlichen absoluten Momenten c_m, m>2, sind, und sei Phi die standardisierte Normalverteilungsfunktion. Es werden absolute Konstanten L_i derart berechnet, dass wir Fehlerabschätzungen im unleichmäßigen zentralen Grenzwertsätzen in verschiedenen Fällen angeben können, wobei sich der Index i in L_i auf folgende fünf Fälle bezieht: kleine x, mittlere Abweichungen für x, große Abweichungen für x, kleine n und große n. Im Fall der Existenz einseitiger Momente werden obere Schanken für 1-F_n(x) angegeben für x>D_m*n^(1/2)*ln(n) bzw. x>D_m*n^(1/2)*(ln(n))^(1/2), womit Ergebnisse von S.V.NAGAEV(1965) präzisiert werden. / The paper is divided in two parts: part 1 (cp. Informationen/07; 1976,05) and part 2 (cp. Informationen/07; 1976,06). Part 1 contains an introduction and limit theorems for iid random variables and the transfer of the considered limit theorems to the case of the existence of onesided moments. Part 2 contains limit theorems of moderate deviations for sums of series of non iid random variables and a discussion of all obtained results in part 1 and 2 and finally some references. Let F_n(x) be the cdf of X_1+X_2+...+X_n, where X_1, X_2, ...,X_n are iid random variables with mean 0 and variance 1 and with m-th absolute moment c_m, m>2, and Phi the cdf of the unit normal law. Explicit universal constants L_i are computed such that we have an error estimate in the nonuniform central limit theorem with the L_i, where i corresponds to the five cases considered: small x, moderate deviations for x, large deviations for x, small n , large n. Additional upper bounds for 1-F_n(x) are obtained if the one-sided moments of order m, m>2, are finite and if x>D_m*n^(1/2)*ln(n) and x>D_m*n^(1/2)*(ln(n))^(1/2) respectively improving results by S.V.NAGAEV (1965).

In diesem Artikel werden notwendige und hinreichende Bedingungen für die Gültigkeit von Grenzwertsätzen für mittlere Abweichungen untersucht. In der Terminilogie von J.V.LINNIK (1971) werden die x-Bereiche für mittlere Abweichungen gewöhnlich als "sehr enge" Zonen der integralen normalen Anziehung bezeichnet. Darüber hinaus werden die Restglieder untersucht, die in den asymptotischen Beziehungen auftreten. Die Ordnung der Konvergenzgeschwindigkeit wird angegeben. Frühere Ergebnisse einiger Autoren werden verallgemeinert. Abschließend werden einige Literaturhinweise angegeben. / In this paper we study necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of limit theorems on moderate deviations. Usually x-zones for moderate deviations are called in the terminilogy by YU.V.LINNIK (1971) "very narrow" zones of integral normal attraction. Moreover we analyse the remainder term appearing in the asymptotic relations. Informations on the order of the rate of convergence are given. Earlier results by several authors are generalized. Finally some references are given.

Referentiell kommunikation innebär att kunna delge andra information så att de förstår, samt att själv förstå när man lyssnar och även att vara medveten om när man själv inte har förstått (Sonnenschein &amp; Whitehurst, 1984). Genom en referentiell kommunikationsuppgift har lyssnaregenskaper inom referentiell kommunikation undersökts hos ungdomar med lindrig till måttlig utvecklingsstörning, samt en mentalt åldersmatchad kontrollgrupp. Snabb benämning (Rapid Automatized Naming) av enstaviga och flerstaviga ord har också testats, och huruvida samband mellan resultat i kommunikationsuppgiften och snabb benämning föreligger. För att mäta referentiella lyssnarförmågor har olika typer av efterfrågningar studerats, det vill säga hur individen uttrycker sig för att efterfråga mer information. Resultatet visar att kontrollgruppen producerar signifikant fler av efterfrågningstyperna begäran av utökad information och kontrollfrågor. Båda grupperna var mycket heterogena i kommunikationsuppgiften vad gäller antalet efterfrågningar hos varje individ. I målgruppen återfanns ett signifikant samband mellan efterfrågningstypen aningen-eller-frågor och långsam benämningshastighet av enstaviga ord. En klinisk implikation av resultatet i studien är att en del individer i målgruppen skulle kunna gynnas av träning i referentiell kommunikation.

The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites have provided a global distribution of aerosols. The space-based inversion of MODIS measurements requires assumption about the surface and aerosol properties, both are highly heterogeneous in space and time. This thesis has investigated the role of surface reflectance and aerosol properties on the retrieval of aerosols from MODIS over the Indian region. The aerosol properties retrieved by MODIS including total aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol fine mode fraction (AFMF, fractional contribution of fine mode aerosols in the total AOD) were compared with that obtained from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) at Kanpur (26.45◦N,80.35◦E), Indo-Gangetic Basin, northern India. This region is a special region for the study of aerosols as it offers strong aerosol seasonality, where the region is influenced by dust aerosols during pre-monsoon (March to June) and dominated by the fine mode particles in winter (November to February). The MODIS Collection 004 (C004) aerosol products systematically overestimated AOD in the presence of dust and underestimated when fine particles were dominant. The errors in the retrieval of dust AOD were correlated with the apparent reflectance at 2.1 µm, from which the surface reflectance in the visible channels (0.47 µm and 0.66 µm) were estimated using the “dark target” spectral correlation method. The error in the retrieval of AOD were also found to be large in the scattering angle range 120◦150◦, where the scattering properties of the non-spherical dust aerosols differ from that of the assumed spherical particles. AFMF of C004 was found to be highly biased to fine mode at Kanpur. The Collection 005 (C005) aerosol retrieval of the second-generation aerosol algorithm, however, showed improved retrieval of spectral AOD, which is likely to be attributed to the use of updated aerosol models and parameterized surface reflectance. In contrast to the C004 products, fine AOD and fine-model weighting (FMW) of C005 were biased very low at Kanpur and also over the greater Indian land region. This has indicated that the inversion of the space-based MODIS measurements is non-unique in which an improper combination of surface reflectance and aerosol model provide more accurate retrieval of the total aerosol optical depth. The surface reflectance relationships between the visible and shortwave-infrared 2.1 µm channels derived from the actual measurements of the surface reflectance using a spectroradiometer onboard an aircraft over Bangalore (12.95◦N,77.65◦E) in the southern India were found to have higher slope and intercept than that assumed by the MODIS algorithm over the same region. The high spectral correlations between the measured reflectance at longer wavelengths indicated some potential to estimate the surface reflectance at these wavelengths which needs further investigation. An experiment on the retrieval of aerosols carried out with several combinations of aerosol models and visible surface reflectance clearly shown that the surface reflectance in the visible channels assumed in the MODIS aerosol algorithm should be increased from its current parameterization in order to retrieve more accurate total as well as size-segregated aerosol optical properties at Kanpur and also over the greater Indian land region. In addition to the visible channels, inclusion of longer wavelengths in the aerosol inversion would likely improve the accuracy of retrieval over land by resolving the spectral dependence of aerosols. This in turn can help in separating the anthropogenic and natural aerosols in the total aerosol loading.