Acidophilic bacteria are able to tolerate acidic environment and also contribute to the lowering of environmental pH value, implying potential applications in metal-leaching technology extracting metals from tailings and electronic wastes. In this study, we conducted a sampling campaign in abandoned Tin mine in Ha Thuong, Thai Nguyen province, to isolate acidophilic bacteria and to study physiological characteristics of the isolated bacteria. As a result, two acidophilic bacteria were successfully isolated and identification by 16S rDNA gene sequences showed that the two bacteria are similar to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (98% and 94 % of similarity, respectively). Both strains are tolerant of pH in the range of 3 and have the ability to grow optimally at temperatures of 30°C. / Vi khuẩn ưa axit có ý nghĩa ứng dụng trong công nghệ tách rút kim loại từ quặng đuôi và ngay cả từ rác thải linh kiện điện tử. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã tiến hành thu mẫu ở mỏ thiếc bỏ hoang ở Hà Thượng, Thái Nguyên nhằm phân lập được nhóm vi khuẩn ưa axit và qua đó nghiên cứu một số đặc điểm sinh lý của vi khuẩn này. Kết quả chúng tôi đã phân lập được hai chủng vi khuẩn ưa axit. Định dạng bằng nhận diện trình tự gen 16S rADN cho thấy hai vi khuẩn này có độ tương đồng là 98% với vi khuẩn Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans và 94% Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. Cả hai chủng vi khuẩn đều có tính chịu pH trong khoảng 3 và có khả năng sinh trưởng tối ưu ở nhiệt độ 30oC.

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[pt] O estudo de desvios, e em particular grandes desvios, tem uma história longa na teoria de probabilidade. Nas últimas décadas muitos artigos consideraram essas questões no contexto de subgrafos de grafos aleatórios G(n, p) e G(n, m). Esta dissertação considera a cauda inferior para o número de triângulos no grafo aleatório G(n, m). Duas abordagens estão consideradas: Martingales, a partir artigo de Christina Goldschmidt, Simon Griffiths e Alex Scott; e Teoria Espectral de Grafos, a partir do artigo de Joe Neeman, Charles Radin e Lorenzo Sadun. Essas duas abordagens conseguem encontrar o comportamento da cauda em dois regimes diferentes. Na dissertação discutiremos a visão geral do artigo de Goldschmidt, Griffiths e Scott, e discutiremos em detalhes o artigo de Neeman, Radin e Sadun. Em particular, exploraremos a conexão entre a cauda inferior do número de triângulos e o comportamento dos autovalores mais negativos da matriz de adjacência. Veremos que a contagem tende a depender, essencialmente, do autovalor mais negativo. / [en] The study of deviations, and in particular large deviations, has a long history in Probability Theory. In recent decades many articles have considered these questions in the context of subgraphs of the random graphs G(n, p) and G(n, m). This dissertation considers the lower tail for the number of triangles in the random graph G(n, m). Two approaches are considered: Martingales, based on the article of Christina Goldschmidt, Simon Griffiths and Alex Scott; and Spectral Graph Theory, based on the article of Joe Neeman, Charles Radin and Lorenzo Sadun. These two approaches manage to find the behavior of the tail in two different regimes. In this dissertation we give an overview of the article of Goldschmidt, Griffiths and Scott, discuss in detail the article of artigo Neeman, Radin and Sadun. In particular, we shall explore the connection between the lower tail of the number of triangles and the behavior of the most negative eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix. We shall see that the triangle count tends to especially depend on the most negative eigenvalue.

This thesis covers a qualitative case study of corporate social responsibility work in medium-sized fashion companies in the moderate price range. The aim of the study was to research the barriers and opportunities to corporate social responsibility in medium-sized fashion companies within the moderate price range in order to understand which aspects that are most important for these companies to focus on. Corporate social responsibility, shortened CSR, means taking environmental, social and financial responsibility for all actions of the company. The industry of the company as well as different company characteristics creates different contexts in which a company may work with CSR. The fashion value chain is a context for fashion companies. In order for a fashion company to be sustainable, the entire value chain should be considered, but it is within the upstream part of the fashion value chain that the most damaging processes occur and it is therefor the upstream part of the value chain that was focused on in this study. The size and price range of a company are characteristics that affects how a company may create successful CSR practices. The study also focused on the consumer perspective and the added value that CSR may bring. The study identified several perceived barriers and opportunities to CSR in medium-sized fashion companies within the moderate price range that may be important to consider in order creating successful CSR practices. Costs, quality assurance, communication and coordination where identified as important barriers. The study also identified that the added value of CSR to the brand and the increased consumer willingness to pay as important opportunities. The study found that cost-consciousness, quality assurance, communication and coordination and the added value perspective may be the most important aspects for medium-sized fashion companies in the moderate price range to focus on in the CSR work. By being aware of these barriers and opportunities, companies may create better CSR strategies, which focus on achieving the opportunities while avoiding the barriers.

Au Québec, face à la prévalence élevée des problèmes de santé mentale et à la pénurie de médecins psychiatres, le médecin omnipraticien (MO) occupe une place primordiale dans la prise en charge et le suivi des soins de santé mentale. Dans le contexte de réforme du système de santé mentale axée sur un renforcement de la collaboration entre les MO, les psychiatres et les équipes de santé mentale, notre étude vise à mieux comprendre la pratique clinique et la pratique collaborative développée par les MO, leur appréciation des outils de travail et de la qualité des services de santé mentale, dans le but d’améliorer la complémentarité des soins au niveau primaire. Cette étude transversale impliquait 1415 MO de neuf territoires de centre de santé et de services sociaux (CSSS) du Québec. L’échantillon final était constitué de 398 MO représentatifs de lieux de pratique diversifiés et le taux de réponse était de 41%. Nos résultats mettent en évidence que la pratique clinique et la pratique collaborative des MO diffère selon le degré de gravité des problèmes de santé mentale des patients rencontrés, c’est à dire, trouble transitoire/modéré de santé mentale (TTM.SM) ou trouble grave de santé mentale (TG.SM), et que les MO sont favorables au fait de travailler en collaboration avec les autres professionnels de la santé mentale. Ainsi, il apparaît important de renforcer l’accessibilité des MO aux professionnels de la santé mentale, particulièrement les psychiatres, et de les informer de l’existence des autres acteurs en santé mentale sur leur territoire, pour renforcer la collaboration et la qualité des soins primaires de santé mentale. / In Quebec, considering the high prevalence rate of mental health disorder and the scarcity of psychiatrists, general practitioners (GPs) hold an importante role in the management and the follow-up of mental health care. In the context of the ongoing mental health system reform aimed at reinforcing collaboration between GPs, psychiatrists and mental health teams, our objectives are to have a better understanding of clinical practice and collaborative practice, developed by GP and their assessment of working tools and quality of mental health services, in order to improve the complementary of primary mental health care. The study was carried out using a cross-sectional design, involving 1415 GPs from nine Quebec territories. The final sample included 398 GPs, representing diverse practice places, and the response rate was 41%. The study highlighted that GPs have different clinical and collaboration practices according to the seriousness of mental disorder patients seen, i.e. transient and moderate mental disorder (TMMD) or serious and permanent mental disorder (SPMD); and GPs strongly support care coordination efforts with all mental health professionals. Therefore, it appears important to reinforce GP accessibility to other mental health professionals, particularly psychiatrists, and to inform them on the presence of all actors in mental health in their territory, in order to develop collaboration and quality of primary mental healthcare.

Title: Measuring of physical activity of UK FTVS and Palestra students using IPAQ Aims: - find out the range of physical activity of students from schools mentioned above - compare the results with each other and also with other researches - confirm or disconfirm hypotheses - set down conclusions Methods: questionnaire Results: - students of both schools are highly physically active (in comparison with ordinary population) - UK FTVS students are more active in all kinds of physical activity performed at school or in leisure time than Palestra students - UK FTVS students spend the most time on vigorous PA at school, while Palestra students spend the most time on vigorous PA at free time - concerning only UK FTVS, women are more active than men Key words: vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ, MET values, leisure time, young adults

Les composites Carbone/Carbone haute densité sont généralement obtenus par voie gazeuse ou liquide (sous une pression de pyrolyse de 100 MPa), suivant des procédés contraignants. L’imprégnation de préformes fibreuses par des brais liquéfiés, sous une pression limitée à 10 MPa, permettrait de réduire certaines contraintes d’élaboration à condition de trouver des procédés pour améliorer les rendements de densification. La solution proposée dans le cadre de cette thèse est d’augmenter fortement la densité en une première étape, grâce à des techniques de densification moins classiques. Une étude bibliographique approfondie a permis de déterminer les caractéristiques importantes des brais, les différents paramètres influençant les densifications par voie liquide et des techniques de pré-densification. La cohérence entre les résultats de plusieurs techniques de caractérisation des brais, est mise en évidence lors du suivi expérimental de l’évolution de divers brais vers un carbone graphitique, sous pression modérée. Cette étude expérimentale concernant les précurseurs de matrice aboutit à la sélection d’un brai remplaçant au brai de référence A240 et au choix des paramètres du protocole de pyrolyse sous pression modérée. L’influence du réseau poreux de la préforme sur le comportement du brai pendant la densification est soulignée en comparant les rendements de densification dans une préforme 3D orthogonale et dans une préforme aiguilletée. L’intérêt des densifications mixtes (avec caléfaction, imprégnation de poudres ou de brai mésophasique) est jugé par rapport à la densité et à la microstructure des composites obtenus. Les procédés originaux de densification hybride réalisés sur les préformes aiguilletées se révèlent efficaces, puisqu’une densité apparente supérieure à 1,80 et une porosité inférieure à 15% est atteinte après quatre cycles de densification par du brai isotrope. Des mesures thermiques sur les composites C/C obtenus illustrent la relation entre microstructure et conductivité thermique. Il semble ainsi possible de moduler les propriétés macroscopiques des composites C/C grâce à l’utilisation de procédés permettant d’élaborer des composites C/C à matrices carbonées mixtes. / High density Carbon/Carbon composites are usually prepared by chemical vapor impregnation or by liquid pitch impregnation under high pressure (100 MPa). As these processes are complex and costly, an alternative moderate pressure (P < 10 MPa) impregnation process may be attractive, provided the densification yield is strongly improved. This doctoral work proposes an original process, including a pre-densification step, which leads to a significant increase of the C/C composite final density. Essential characteristics of pitches, various parameters influencing liquid pitch densification and processes for the pre-densification step are determined from bibliographical study. Consistent changes of the different physico-chemical characteristics are observed throughout the evolution of pitches to graphitic carbon, under moderate pressure. This experimental study on matrix precursors leads to the selection of a particular pitch as substitute of A240 pitch and to the determination of a specific pyrolysis procedure under moderate pressure. Influence of porous network in preforms on the pitch behaviour during densification is outlined by the comparison of densification yields in both an orthogonal 3D preform and a needled preform. Hybrid densification processes (with film-boiling process, powder impregnation, mesophasic pitch impregnation) are evaluated through the final density and the microstructure of elaborated composites. High density C/C composites, with an apparent density higher than 1.80 g.cm-3 and an open porosity lower than 15%, have been prepared from a pre-densified needled preform, after four densification cycles with liquid isotropic pitch, under moderate pressure. Thermal properties measurements on these C/C composites confirm the strong relationship between microstructure and thermal conductivity. It seems possible to tailor the macroscopic properties of C/C composites, thanks to hybrid carbonaceous matrices.

The aim of this study is to analyse the Moderate Party and the Swedish Democrats idea development in the issue of migration in 2010-2018. The inquiry consists of the following two research questions. How has the Moderate Party and the Swedish Democrats positions regarding migration developed in 2010-2018? How can institutional theories explain the Moderate Party and the Swedish Democrats idea development? The study is encompassed by three theoretical perspectives also recognised as rational-choice institutionalism, historical institutionalism and discursive institutionalism. In regard to the methodological approach, the study employs the comparative case study design with the most-similar system and is essentially an idea analytical study. The main results reveal that both the Moderate Party and the Swedish Democrats have adjusted their migration policies but to different degrees. The Swedish Democrats promote similar policies in 2010 as in 2018 with smaller alterations while the Moderate Party has customised larger alterations, distinguishing the party’s migration policy from 2010 and 2018. These policy alterations are primarily explained as a result of rational action, societal discourses and critical junctures.