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The object mouthing of a developmentally delayed 8-year-old girl was assessed and treated in a classroom setting. Two pretreatment assessments were conducted: A functional analysis indicated that object mouthing occurred across test conditions and persisted in the absence of social contingencies, and assessment of stimulus preference identified reinforcers to be used during treatments. Based on assessment outcomes, two treatments were implemented. Noncontingent sensory reinforcement was implemented during free-time and group activities, resulting in a 74.3% decrease in object mouthing across three settings. During one-on-one educational activities, presentation of academic task-trials at a high rate decreased object mouthing by 85.7%, relative to a condition in which tasks were presented at a slower rate.

The immediate and subsequent effects of different durations of response restriction were evaluated in a multiple schedule design. Response restriction components of 15, 30, and 60 minutes were conducted between 15 minute alone components. Levels of responding subsequent to the termination of response restriction procedures were compared to free operant levels prior to the implementation of response restriction. Responding during response restriction components reduced to near zero levels. Subsequent levels of responding were similar to or exceeded free operant baseline levels. Results are discussed in terms of potential operant mechanisms responsible for levels of responding subsequent to response restriction.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-12-13T17:07:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardonunescardoso.pdf: 3871280 bytes, checksum: 8c2c523333135cba552e3b476ccddcc8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-15T14:13:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardonunescardoso.pdf: 3871280 bytes, checksum: 8c2c523333135cba552e3b476ccddcc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-15T14:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardonunescardoso.pdf: 3871280 bytes, checksum: 8c2c523333135cba552e3b476ccddcc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Amblyomma cajennense (Fabrícius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidade) é um ectoparasito típico de eqüídeos, amplamente distribuído nas Américas do Sul e Central. O uso indiscriminado dos carrapaticidas tem levado as populações destes artrópodes a um grave quadro de resistência aos produtos fitossanitários. Além disso, o uso exclusivo de carrapaticida é pouco viável a longo prazo e em termos econômicos tornando-se necessário o emprego de métodos alternativos de controle. Os nematóides entomopatogênicos tem sido apontados como agentes promissores no controle de carrapatos, entretanto como é pequeno o número de estudos a esse respeito objetivou-se avaliar o potencial de Steinernema glaseri (Steiner, 1929) isolado Santa Rosa como agente de controle biológico do carrapato Amblyomma cajennense. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Parasitologia, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora – MG, no período de outubro de 2005 e janeiro de 2006. Avaliou-se o potencial de S. glaseri nas concentrações de 0, 156, 325, 675, 1250, 2500, 5000 e 10000 juvenis infectantes (JI) por unidade experimental (UE). Cada um desses tratamentos foi composto por 10 unidades experimentais que foram montadas com placas de Petri contendo areia autoclavada, 4ml de água destilada e 10 ninfas, num total de 100 espécimes por tratamento. As placas de Petri foram fechadas com parafilme e mantidas em estufa climatizada do tipo B.O.D (27±1ºC e U.R>80%) por 72 horas. Após este período as ninfas ingurgitadas de A. cajennense foram lavadas com água destilada e transferidas para placas de Petri limpas observadas a cada 24±1 hora durante 20 dias, a fim de se observar as alterações nos parâmetros biológicos, tais como: Período de ecdise (PE), Período de pré-ecdise (PPE), Percentual de ecdise (%Ec) e Período de muda (PM). Cada parâmetro foi analisado em relação aos adultos, englobando machos e fêmeas e também para cada um dos sexos isoladamente por unidade experimental. Para x iii análise dos dados foi utilizado o Software Graphpad Instat Versão 2.05 com Análise de Variância, Teste de Tukey-Kramer, Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn’s (p 0.05). No tratamento com 5000 JI/UE ocorreu redução significativa no PPE total, assim como PM, em relação ao controle e considerando-se apenas os machos, o PM também sofreu redução significativa. No tratamento com 10000 JI/UE houve um aumento significativo do PPE total e o PE total foi reduzido significativamente neste tratamento, em relação ao controle. O período de ecdise dos machos apresentou um aumento significativo em quatro dos oito tratamentos (tratamentos com 156, 612, 2500 e 5000 JI). A mortalidade, assim como a redução do percentual de ecdise só foi significativa no tratamento com 10000 JI /UE. Mesmo sem abertura genital nas ninfas de A. cajennense, S. glaseri foi capaz de exercer ação deletéria em concentrações superiores a 5000 JI /UE. As doses de 5000 e 10000 JI /UE foram deletérias a determinados processos da fase não parasitária de A. cajennense. Entretanto novos estudos são necessários, ainda in vitro, com doses superiores a 10000 JI /EU, a fim de se confirmar o potencial entomopatogênico de A. cajennense sobre populações de S. glaseri. / Amblyomma cajennense (Fabrícius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidade) is an ectoparasitic kind of horse, widely distributed in south and central America. The indiscriminate use of acaricidal has taken this animals population to a critical resistence situation to drugs and the exclusive use of acaricidal is just viable in pratical and economical terms became necessary the job of alternative control method. The nematodes entomopathogenic has bem indicated as sucessiful agents to control ticks, however is short the number of the studies about that, the target is analyse the potential os Steinernema glaseri strain Santa Rosa as biological agent control of A. cajennense. The experiment was made in the EMBRAPA GADO DE LEITE, Parasitology Laboratory – Juiz de Fora (MG), between october of 2005 and january of 2006. Has ben tested differents concentrations of S. glaseri (0, 156, 325, 650, 1250, 2500, 5000 e 10000 infectives juveniles (IJ) per tested unity (UT). Each one of this treatment was composed per 10 tested unitys crated with Petri dish sterilized, 4 ml of destil water and 10 nynphs in na total of 100 types for treatament. The Petri dish was closed with parafil and keeped in a humid chamber kind of BOD (27±1ºC and RH>80%) per 72 hours. After that period the engorged nynphs of A. cajennense was washed with destil water and removed to a Petri dish without sand or IJ and observed by each 24±1 hour during 20 days, with the objetive to observe wich alterations in a parametres biological such as: ecdysis period (EP), pre-ecdysis period (PEP), ecdysis percentual (%Ec), and mouthing period (MP). Each parametres was analysed about adults connections, comprising male and female ande for each one of the sex separating by tested unitys as will. The statistic data treatment was maked with Variance Analyse, Tukey- Kramer Test, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s (p 0.05) On the treatment with 5000 IJ/UT happens the significant reduction of PEP totally, such as MP, in connections with control and xv considerating only the males. The MP had soffer the significant reduction too. On the treatment with 10000 IJ/UT had a significant increase of PEP totally and the EP totally was reduced highly expressive in this treatment by connection with control. The male ecdysis period had present a significant increase in four of the seven treatments (treatmments with 156, 612, 2500 and 5000 IJ). The mortality such as the percentual reduction of ecdysis just was significant on the treatment with 10000 IJ/UT. Until without genital hole of A. cajennense nynphs, S. glaseri was able to make the deleterious action in concentration up 5000 IJ/UT. The treatment of 5000 and 10000IJ/UT was deleterious by determined process of no parasitary phase of A. cajennense. However new studyies are necessary, in vitro yet, with superior doses than 10000 IJ/UT, due to confirm the entomopathogenic potential of A. cajennense under de S. glaseri population.

This study investigates the use of reduplication with predicative signs in Swedish Sign Language (SSL), and also the related phenomena doubling and displacement. Reduplication in SSL typically expresses plurality of events and/or referents, but may also express intensification, ongoing event or generic activity. There is a distinction between external and internal events with reduplication: external reduplication expresses some event happening over and over at different points in time and/or with different referents, and is associated with a frequentative/habitual reading; internal reduplication expresses some event consisting of several e.g. movements/actions and is associated with an ongoing reading. Only external expression seems to be applicable to stative constructions, as one would expect. The study also found a phenomenon not previously described: oral reduplication without manual reduplication. This process is found to have the ongoing functions with telic predicates, such that it focuses on the telic predicate as a single event in progress, and thus replaces the function of manual reduplication, which, with telic predicates, would instead express several events. The reading of reduplicated signs is associated with the semantics of the sign reduplicated, and it is also associated with the phonological citation form of the sign—monosyllabic signs tend to get pluractional reading; bisyllabic signs tend to get an ongoing reading. Also, the reading expressed by reduplication is connected to the presence/absence of oral reduplication. Reduplication generally does not occur in negative constructions. This study shows that inherently negative signs may be reduplicated, but reduplicated predicates are negated according to other strategies than for non-reduplicated predicates, thus reduplication has the largest scope. Doubling and displacement are both associated mainly with plural referents, and it is in this respect that they are related to reduplication, and they both occur frequently with reduplication.

This study investigates factors hampering comprehension of sign language interpretations rendered on South African TV news bulletins in terms of Deaf viewers’ expectancy norms and corpus analysis of authentic interpretations. The research fills a gap in the emerging discipline of Sign Language Interpreting Studies, specifically with reference to corpus studies. The study presents a new model for translation/interpretation evaluation based on the introduction of Grounded Theory (GT) into a reception-oriented model. The research question is addressed holistically in terms of target audience competencies and expectations, aspects of the physical setting, interpreters’ use of language and interpreting choices. The South African Deaf community are incorporated as experts into the assessment process, thereby empirically grounding the research within the socio-dynamic context of the target audience. Triangulation in data collection and analysis was provided by applying multiple mixed data collection methods, namely questionnaires, interviews, eye-tracking and corpus tools. The primary variables identified by the study are the small picture size and use of dialect. Secondary variables identified include inconsistent or inadequate use of non-manual features, incoherent or non-simultaneous mouthing, careless or incorrect sign execution, too fast signing, loss of visibility against skin or clothing, omission of vital elements of sentence structure, adherence to source language structures, meaningless additions, incorrect referencing, oversimplification and violations of Deaf norms of restructuring, information transfer, gatekeeping and third person interpreting. The identification of these factors allows the construction of a series of testable hypotheses, thereby providing a broad platform for further research. Apart from pioneering corpus-driven sign language interpreting research, the study makes significant contributions to present knowledge of evaluative models, interpreting strategies and norms and systems of transcription and annotation. / Linguistics / Thesis (D. Litt.et Phil. (Linguistics)

This study investigates factors hampering comprehension of sign language interpretations rendered on South African TV news bulletins in terms of Deaf viewers’ expectancy norms and corpus analysis of authentic interpretations. The research fills a gap in the emerging discipline of Sign Language Interpreting Studies, specifically with reference to corpus studies. The study presents a new model for translation/interpretation evaluation based on the introduction of Grounded Theory (GT) into a reception-oriented model. The research question is addressed holistically in terms of target audience competencies and expectations, aspects of the physical setting, interpreters’ use of language and interpreting choices. The South African Deaf community are incorporated as experts into the assessment process, thereby empirically grounding the research within the socio-dynamic context of the target audience. Triangulation in data collection and analysis was provided by applying multiple mixed data collection methods, namely questionnaires, interviews, eye-tracking and corpus tools. The primary variables identified by the study are the small picture size and use of dialect. Secondary variables identified include inconsistent or inadequate use of non-manual features, incoherent or non-simultaneous mouthing, careless or incorrect sign execution, too fast signing, loss of visibility against skin or clothing, omission of vital elements of sentence structure, adherence to source language structures, meaningless additions, incorrect referencing, oversimplification and violations of Deaf norms of restructuring, information transfer, gatekeeping and third person interpreting. The identification of these factors allows the construction of a series of testable hypotheses, thereby providing a broad platform for further research. Apart from pioneering corpus-driven sign language interpreting research, the study makes significant contributions to present knowledge of evaluative models, interpreting strategies and norms and systems of transcription and annotation. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / Thesis (D. Litt.et Phil. (Linguistics)