Nous présentons d'abord un système de tomographie optique fonctionnant en lumière blanche, avec un interféromètre de Linnik. La résolution tomographique obtenue est de l'ordre de 1,2 m dans l'air. Les capacités de l'instrument sont illustrées par des images tomographiques d'intérêt biomédical. D'autre part, nous présentons un polarimètre de Mueller à cristaux liquides nématiques optimisé pour la propagation des erreurs de mesures brutes aux images finales. Les mesures sont rapides (de l'ordre de la seconde) et précises (erreurs de l'ordre de 1%). Les images polarimétriques de coupes histologiques montrent l'intérêt de ce dispositif pour l'étude microscopique d'échantillons contenant des macromolécules fibreuses (collagène). Enfin, des images en degré de polarisation (DOP) de cols de l'utérus humains ex vivo viennent confirmer les possibilités de l'imagerie polarimétrique pour la détection de dysplasies (DOP plus élevé que dans les zones saines).

The purpose of this master thesis was to investigate how effiecient the extractionof radiofrequency quality metrics from digital video broadcast (DVB) streamscan become using software defined radio. Software defined radio (SDR) is a fairlynew technology that offers you the possibility of very flexible receivers and transmitters where it is possible to upgrade the modulation and demodulation overtime. Agama is interested in SDR for use in the Agama Analyzer, a widely deployedmonitoring probe running on top of standard services. Using SDR, Agama coulduse that in all deployments, such as DVB by cable/terrestrial/satellite (DVBC/T/S), which would simplify logistics. This thesis is an implementation of a SDR to be able to receive DVB-C. TheSDR must perform a number of adaptive algorithms in order to prevent the received symbols from being significantly different from the transmitted ones. Themain parts of the SDR include timing recovery, carrier recovery and equalization.Timing recovery performs synchronization between the transmitted and receivedsymbols and the carrier recovery performs synchronization between the carrierwave of the transmitter and the local oscillator in the receiver. The thesis discusses various methods to perform the different types of synchronizations andequalizations in order to find the most suitable methods.

The aim of this research was to study the relationship between rock slope stability and glacial processes. An in-depth analysis of our current understanding of how glaciated rock slopes develop instability and movement during deglaciation is presented; this shows that understanding is incomplete without an appreciation of the variable mechanical behaviour of glacier ice. In this thesis, I argue that: (1) The ductile behaviour of ice at low strain rates allows movement of rock slopes buttressed by ice. Field evidence and simple force models are used to explore rate of movement of ice-contact slopes and the conditions under which they evolve. The results indicate that large rockslides can move and deform glacial ice at rates of 10-2 to 102 m-yr. This implies that ice-contact slope movement may be important for slope evolution and the erosion and entrainment processes of glaciers; and (2) the elastic strength of glacier ice at the high strain rates associated with seismic shaking enables ice to modify the response of the surrounding rock to seismic shaking. To explore this, numerical analyses of the interaction between glacial erosion, glacier mass, topography, and earthquake shaking intensity are undertaken. Shaking of mountains of variable shape and with different levels of ice inundation is simulated using FLAC 6.0. The results suggest that complete inundation by ice can significantly reduce shaking intensity. This, in combination with glacial steepening of slopes, may make recently deglaciated slopes more prone to coseismic failure. In the final chapter of the thesis, I present a conceptual model of the evolution of slope stability during stages of glaciation and deglaciation. The model incorporates the ideas presented in the thesis. I then offer recommendations for how our understanding of these processes can be further advanced.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:43:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:58:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06651.pdf: 5564627 bytes, checksum: b77046c5c925821e357e7f104911efae (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP / FAPESP:97/00990-6

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:43:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:58:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06651.pdf: 5564627 bytes, checksum: b77046c5c925821e357e7f104911efae (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP / FAPESP:97/00990-6

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CE TRAVAIL AVAIT POUR OBJECTIF DE MONTRER LA POSSIBILITE D'UTILISER DES METHODES OPTIQUES DANS L'INVESTIGATION BIOPHYSIQUE NON INVASIVE DU SYNDROME CUTANE D'IRRADIATION AIGUË, POUR DES DOSES D'IRRADIATION RELATIVEMENT FAIBLES. <br /> LA PREMIERE PARTIE REVIENT SUR LES MOTIVATIONS QUI ONT ABOUTI AU CHOIX DE LA POLARISATION COMME AGENT DE CONTRASTE DANS LE CADRE DE CETTE ETUDE. NOUS AVONS ALORS OPTE POUR LA POLARIMETRIE DE MUELLER, TECHNIQUE ADAPTEE A L'ETUDE D'UN MILIEU DEPOLARISANT TEL QUE LA PEAU.<br /> LA DEUXIEME PARTIE POSE LES BASES THEORIQUES DANS L'INTERPRETATION DES RESULTATS OBTENUS A PARTIR DE LA MESURE DE LA MATRICE DE MUELLER D'UN MILIEU. LA LECTURE DE CETTE DERNIERE N'ETANT PAS IMMEDIATE, UN ALGORITHME DE DECOMPOSITION ET DE CLASSIFICATION DES MATRICES DE MUELLER DEPOLARISANTES ET NON DEPOLARISANTES A ETE DEVELOPPE. CELUI-CI EST VALIDE SUR UNE SERIE D'ECHANTILLONS DE NATURES TRES DIVERSES.<br /> LA TROISIEME PARTIE PRESENTE LE POLARIMETRE ET LES RESULTATS, ANGULAIRES ET SPECTRAUX, OBTENUS SUR DES ECHANTILLONS DE PEAU IRRADIES OU IL N'Y A AUCUN SIGNE CLINIQUE VISIBLE. EN UTILISANT L'ALGORITHME PRECEDENT NOUS AVONS MIS EN EVIDENCE DEUX AGENTS DE CONTRASTE POLARIMETRIQUE QUI SEULS OU COMBINES APPORTENT UNE INFORMATION SUR LE TAUX D'IRRADIATION. CES RESULTATS SONT CONFORTES PAR UNE ETUDE HISTOLOGIQUE MENEE EN PARALLELE PAR L'IRSN. NOUS AVONS AINSI MONTRE QUE LA POLARISATION PEUT ETRE UN AGENT DE CONTRASTE POUR DE FAIBLES DOSES D'IRRADIATION.<br /> LA DERNIERE PARTIE MONTRE L'INTERET D'UTILISER EN COMPLEMENT A LA POLARIMETRIE UNE METHODOLOGIE D'OPTIQUE COHERENTE (SPECKLE, TOMOGRAPHIE PAR COHERENCE OPTIQUE) POUR LOCALISER LES ALTERATIONS CUTANEES.

In this thesis the main objectives were to improve the liquid crystal shutters and to develop a stereoscopic vision application called 3D Dual View. The vision quality of a 3D system based on active glasses is direct related to the performance of the liquid crystal shutters. There are a lot of parameters that plays an important role in the quality of 3D glasses. Thus, efforts were concentrated in the organization of the liquid crystal molecules between the substrates and in the liquid crystal itself. We studied different configurations of shutters using nematic liquid crystal and ferroelectric liquid crystal (smectic), with and without polymer. Furthermore, the ferroelectric samples were analyzed using a full optical snapshot matrix Mueller polarimenter made by UBO (Université de Bretagne Occidentale) in partnership with Télécom-Bretagne. The second part was the development of 3D Dual View System. It is a stereoscopic vision system based on a mixture of active and passive 3D solution which displays a 3D image that can be viewed simultaneously by two spectators, but from different perspectives. To allow two different points-of-view of a scene or object in three dimensions, the system has to multiplex four images, one pair to form the 3D image for one viewer in one perspective and the other pair for the second viewer in other perspective. We describe different techniques to multiplex and demultiplex the video streams taking into account the physiological aspects, market, image quality and the crosstalk. The crosstalk between the images leads to an effect called ghosting, which the viewer sees a low intensity image that belongs to the other viewer. Then, we also characterized the ghosting effect (crosstalk) and proposed an algorithm of ghostbusting to compensate it.

Optically active helical microparticles are studied in the forms of thin films, suspensions and powders. From fabricated helical porous thin films, microparticle suspensions are obtained by removing the microparticles (film columns) from their substrates and dispersing them into water. For removing microparticles, four methods are explored and compared: sacrificial NaCl layer, gold (Au) layer, buffered oxide etching, and direct ultrasonic agitation. The primary film material studied in this work is amorphous silicon (Si). Physical morphology of the microparticles is examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods employed to characterize optical activity of the microparticles include: polarimetry, spectrophotometry, and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The produced chiral microparticles exhibit optical activity: optical rotation (OR) and circular dichroism (CD - in the form of differential circular transmission (DCT)). Significant findings include: (a) we observe the largest optical rotatory power ever reported in scientific literature, 11◦/μm at 610 nm wavelength for a Si film; (b) for the helical thin films, there is one dominant DCT band in the measured wavelength range; however for microparticle suspensions and powders, there exist two DCT bands: one broad band at long wavelengths, and one narrow band in the short wavelength range; compared to their thin film forms, microparticle suspensions and powders have inverted sign for the broad DCT band. A discrete dipole approximation (DDA) model is employed to calculate optical response (e.g. extinction, scattering, and absorption cross-sections) of the microparticles, so as to enable us to understand the effects of different structural parameters of the microparticles on their optical response. Calculation confirms that optical activity of chiral microparticles is due to coherent light scatterings with the chiral structures of the particles. The inversion in sign of the broad DCT bands of microparticle suspensions and powders is likely due to the averaging effect from random orientation of the helical microparticles, as is indicated both from experimental results and from calculation. / Thesis (Ph.D, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2012-07-06 09:59:20.751