Thesis (M. Communication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgetown University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

"Zugl. Hamburg, Universität, Diss., 1994"--T.p. verso. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 294-308).

Thesis (doctoral)--Section des langues romanes, Université de Regensburg. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 631-653).

<p>Skolverket skickade ut ett pressmeddelande som ifrågasätter kvaliteten inom undervisningen av ämnet svenska som andraspråk i grundskolan. Skolverket ville belysa den koppling som finns mellan modersmålsundervisning och goda resultat i svenskundervisning. I den här studien studerades erfarna lärares förhållnings- och tillvägagångssätt i undervisningen av flerspråkiga elever. Lärarna studerades för att ta reda på vad som kännetecknar och stimulerar undervisning av flerspråkiga elever. I studien användes kvalitativa intervjuer och observationer i kombination. Erfarna lärare fick möjligheten att beskriva undervisningen av flerspråkiga elever. Lärarna observerades också för att kunna studera de beteenden som lärarna visade i de förhållnings- och tillvägagångssätt de använde i sin undervisning. Det framkom i studien att kommunikationen är en viktig och central del i lärarnas undervisning av flerspråkiga elever. Lärarna i studien arbetade med sitt förhållningssätt gentemot flerspråkighet och kunde därmed skapades möjligheter till samarbete och valfrihet i undervisningen som gynnade den flerspråkiga eleven. Samspelet var ett tillvägagångssätt som lärarna i studien använde i sin undervisning av flerspråkiga elever. Samspelet byggde på lärarnas förhållningssätt, arbetsglädje och erfarenhet i yrket. Enligt studien gynnades samspelet av samarbete med elevernas föräldrar och med modersmålslärarna. Lärarna i studien ville också påvisa ordförståelsens betydelse i undervisningen av flerspråkiga elever. Förberedelserna för mottagandet av flerspråkiga elever är enligt studien komplex för lärare då elevernas behov varierar. Avslutningsvis diskuterades vilka förhållnings- och tillvägagångssätt som lärarna i studien upplevde som rätt för flerspråkiga elever.</p> / <p>The National Agency for Education has sent out a message which questions the quality of teaching Swedish as a second language in the compulsory-school. The National Agency for Education wanted to illustrate the connection between mother tongue teaching and good results in teaching of the Swedish language. In this study experienced teachers´ attitudes and procedures where investigated. The teachers where studied to found out what illustrates and stimulates teaching multilingual pupils. In the study qualitative interviews and observations where used in a combination. Experienced teachers were given the opportunity to describe the teaching of multilingual pupils. The teachers has also been observed to examine the behaviours they showed in their attitudes and procedures which they used in their teaching. It emerges in the study that the communication is an important and central part of the teachers´ teaching of multilingual pupils. The teachers in the study worked with their attitude against multilingualism and could because of that make opportunities for cooperation and freedom in choices of teaching which encouraged the multilingual pupil. Interaction was a procedure which teachers in the study use in their teaching of multilingual pupils. Interaction was built on the teachers´ attitudes, work satisfaction and experience of teaching. According to the study the interaction was encouraged by cooperation between the pupil’s parents and mother tongue teachers. The teachers in the study wanted to point out the importance of word comprehension in teaching of multilingual pupils. The preparations for the reception of multilingual pupils are according to the study complex because the pupil’s need varies. In conclusion there was a discussion over which attitudes and procedures the teachers in the study experienced as the right ones for multilingual pupils.</p>

Diss. Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006.

Στην εργασία αυτή, παρουσιάζεται η ανερχόμενη μέθοδος εκμάθησης Intercomprehension καθώς και η αξιοποίηση αυτής από το διαδικτυακό εκπαιδευτικό λογισμικό εκμάθησης ξένων γλωσσών ‘Intercom’. Η συγκεκριμένη εφαρμογή στηρίζεται αποκλειστικά στη μεθοδολογία αυτή, η οποία και αναπτύσσει μια μέθοδο διδασκαλίας για την προώθηση της αμοιβαίας κατανόησης, στηριζόμενη σε κοινές στρατηγικές που αξιοποιούν τις μη-γλωσσικές πτυχές της δεκτικής ικανότητας. Το λογισμικό αυτό, αποτελείται από ένα σύνολο διαδικτυακών δραστηριοτήτων αλληλεπίδρασης με σκοπό την εκμάθηση τεσσάρων γλωσσών: Γερμανικά, Πορτογαλικά, Βουλγάρικα και Ελληνικά, αξιοποιώντας παράλληλα δύο γλώσσες οδηγούς (Αγγλικά και Γαλλικά). Η πρωτοτυπία του εκπαιδευτικού αυτού λογισμικού, συνιστάται στην εξέλιξη της συγκεκριμένης μεθόδου διδασκαλίας επεκτείνοντας την και πέρα των γλωσσικών οικογενειών παράλληλα με την αξιοποίηση μη γλωσσικών πτυχών κατά την εκμάθηση μιας ξένης γλώσσας. / The purpose of this paper is to present the new learning method "Intercomprehension", as well as a web based educational software of learning foreign languages called "Intercom", which is based in this particular method. The application is exclusively based in this learning method, which also develops a teaching method for the promotion of mutual comprehension, supported in common strategies that develop the not-linguistic aspects of receptive faculty. This software is constituted by a number of web interactive activities aiming at the learning of four languages: German, Portuguese, Bulgarian and Greek, while using two guide languages (English and French). The originality of this educational software, is contested in the extension of this learning method over linguistic families while trying to develop not linguistic aspects in the procedure of learning a foreign language.

The present thesis on bilingual education, with its foci on linguistic heterogeneity and language policy 'from below', covers the first 15 years in the officially multilingual new South Africa. The post-apartheid era has seen South Africa's pro-multilingual Constitution and the language-in-education policy for schools being sidelined in favour of an English-oriented mindset. The subversion of the policy's additive bi/multilingual intent in favour of a replacive 'English-as-target-language' approach indexes a collusion between the political class and the African-language speaking majority, and has been accompanied by systemic underachievement. While the linguistic market beyond school is not necessarily unified in its monolingual habitus, choices for the poor are constrained by a lack of alternatives. Within the implementational spaces afforded by the policy environment, groups such as Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa (PRAESA) have attempted to demonstrate an alternative approach that valorised mother-tongue-based bilingual education. These alternative education initiatives (1995-2009) form the substance of the five published pieces in the present portfolio, capped by the summative thesis. They were written while the author was still a member of PRAESA, and collectively address topics such as language policy initiatives 'from below', the role of surveys in gauging language behaviour and creating language awareness, a multilingual training of trainers programme for southern Africa, a bilingual teacher in-service programme foregrounding different teacher identities in relation to policy realisation, and a classification system for schools by language medium that factors in mother tongues while making allowance for linguistic heterogeneity. The thesis reflects critically on the prevailing monoglossic language ideology informing these studies, and suggests the need for a heteroglossic approach oriented to language as a resource.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze teachers approach to multilingual children's behavior in certain situations. I will also explore the educator’s attitude and approach toward the situation where children who are excluded by other peers, because of the peers use of divergent language. I choose qualitative interview as method, interviewing seven teachers working at pre-schools, with chosen choice I expect to gain insight into the teacher's reasoning behind their approach and strategy towards situations where children use other language than Swedish. The results shed light on several interesting factors that determined how the educator responded to the forth mentioned situation. The general perception at pre-schools is that multilingual children should be given space to use their native tongue, as this flourishes their language developments. We can also find basis for this when reading the official pre-school steering documents, the Swedish curriculum, Läroplanen. What this document lack though is presenting solutions how the educators can work constructively with the children. It's rather encouraged for each school to discuss their own methods and approaches as a team. My conclusion is that there is no blue print to follow for solving these situations, the educator's conduct and strategy is based on individual experience and situational. But a common thread that emerged in my research is that all educators expressed the importance to acknowledge all children and involve them in the activities regardless of language, it is the teacher’s duty to support and to be present as the children will need pedagogical support in this matter. Not to forget though, that teachers are frequently faced with situations where they have to decide whose rights to prioritize; the single child who ends up alone outside the peers group and lose his/her entitlement based on the norm "everyone should be involved" or the playing children who is doing nothing but employing their rights to speak in their mother language?

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study refers to the use of two languages in education at a satellite campus of the University of Namibia situated in the far north of the country in the town of Ongwediva. The dominant community language in this region is Oshiwambo. The official language of the country, and of the particular university campus, is English. As the majority of students come from this region, the dominant first language on this campus among staff and students is Oshiwambo. This research gives a description of multilingualism prevalent among individuals and in the community on this particular campus; it also explains some of the characterising features of a plurilingual community of practice in this higher education (HE) institution. This thesis gives a description of communicative practices in a multilingual classroom at the particular HE institution in this rural town. It aims to document how practices of code-switching between Oshiwambo and English are used in facilitating (or hindering) learning as this becomes manifest in classroom discourse. Also, it aims to explain the kind of mobility that is enabled and sometimes also enforced by linguistic diversity within a community such as the one investigated here on the Hifikepunye Pohamba campus in Ongwediva. Findings of this study provide evidence that most lecturers and students, even many of foreign origin, alternate between two languages, namely between Oshiwambo and English. Although the practice of code switching is neither unusual nor discouraged, the data indicates that is occurs much less in formal classroom discourse than in informal discourse and in smaller group discussions. Observed and recorded presentations by the lecturer are done in English and responses by students in the lecture are given largely in English. Code switching from English to Oshiwambo happens when students need to articulate themselves more precisely than their English proficiency allows. Such code switching also serves other purposes such as including and excluding other conversants, mediating new knowledge, changing tone, etc. L1 speakers of languages other than Oshiwambo do at times experience social isolation, and exclusion in collaborative learning. Nevertheless, many informally acquire proficiency in Oshiwambo and so are accommodated into the educational discourse. The mobility of the local Namibian population as well as that of people from neighbouring countries, enhances the multilingualism which has to be accommodated in lectures and in out-of-classroom interaction. In spite of multilingual repertoires, the participants in the study all ascribe to a model of “double monolingualism” in that they regard their linguistic repertoires not as intersecting language systems, but as separate systems with distinct functions in different contexts. Their linguistic practices, however, display much more unconscious integration of the variety of languages they know. The study finds that it is vital for educators to take cognisance of these findings in order to make better use of the linguistic resources of the communities represented among lecturers and students. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie gee aandag aan die gebruik van twee tale in onderrig by ʼn satellietkampus van die Universiteit van Namibië, wat in die verre noorde van die land geleë is, in die dorp Ongwediva. Die dominante streektaal wat hierdie gemeenskap gebruik, is Oshiwambo. Die amptelike taal van die land, en van die betrokke universiteitskampus, is Engels. Aangesien die meerderheid van die studente uit die streek kom, is die mees gebruikte eerstetaal onder personeel en studente op hierdie kampus, Oshiwambo. Hierdie tesis beskryf die veeltaligheid wat aangetref word onder individue en binne die gemeenskap van hierdie hoër onderwys inrigting; dit gee ook ʼn uiteensetting van enkele karakteriserende eienskappe van ʼn meertalige gemeenskap wat gekonstitueer word op grond van gemeenskaplike praktyke aan hierdie hoër onderwys inrigting. Die tesis gee ʼn beskrywing van kommunikatiewe gebruike in ʼn veeltalige klaskamer by die betrokke inrigting vir hoër onderwys in die plattelandse dorp. Dit beoog die dokumentering van kodewisselingspraktyke tussen Oshiwambo en Engels soos dit in klaskamerdiskoerse voorkom in die fasilitering (of belemmering) van leer. Dit beoog verder om die soort mobiliteit te verduidelik wat moontlik gemaak word, en soms ook afgedwing word deur veeltaligheid binne ʼn gemeenskap soos die een wat hier aan die Hifikepunye Pohamba kampus in Ongwediva ondersoek word. Die bevindinge van die ondersoek wys daarop dat die meeste dosente en studente, selfs baie wat van vreemde herkoms is, afwisselend twee tale, nl. Oshiwambo en Engels, gebruik. Alhoewel die praktyk van kodewisseling nie ongewoon is nie, en ook nie ontmoedig word nie, toon die data dat dit minder dikwels in die formele klaskamerdiskoers voorkom as in informele diskoerse en in kleiner groepbesprekings. Klasaanbiedinge van die dosent wat waargeneem en opgeneem is, sowel as terugvoer van die studente in die lesing is grootliks in Engels gedoen. Kodewisseling van Engels na Oshiwambo vind plaas as studente voel dat hulle iets meer presies wil verwoord as wat hulle Engels-taalvaardigheid toelaat. Sodanige kodewisseling het ook ander funksies, soos die insluiting of uitsluiting van ander gespreksgenote, die bemiddeling van nuwe kennis, ʼn verandering in toon, en dergelike. Eerstetaalsprekers van ander tale as Oshiwambo ervaar wel van tyd tot tyd dat hulle geïsoleer word, en dat hulle by gesamentlike leer-praktyke uitgesluit word. Nogtans verwerf baie van die nie-Oshiwambosprekendes informeel kennis van Oshiwambo sodat hulle dan wel in die opvoedkundige diskoers geakkommodeer word. Die mobiliteit van die plaaslike Namibiese bevolking sowel as dié van mense uit buurlande, lei tot groter voorkoms van veeltaligheid wat in lesings en in die buite-klaskamer interaksie geakkommodeer moet word. Ten spyte van talige repertoires wat meer tale as net twee insluit, werk die deelnemers aan hierdie studie deurgaans met ʼn model waarna verwys word as “dubbele eentaligheid” (“double monolingualism”), wat inhou dat hulle hul kennis van verskeie tale nie verstaan as oorvleuelende, gemeenskaplik funksionerende stelsels nie, maar as aparte stelsels met verskillende funksies in verskillende kontekste. Hulle talige gebruike vertoon egter heelwat meer onbewuste integrasie van die verskeidenheid tale wat hulle ken. Die studie vind dit noodsaaklik dat opvoedkundiges kennis neem van hierdie bevindinge ten einde beter gebruik te maak van die taalbronne van die onderskeie gemeenskappe wat deur die dosente en studente verteenwoordig word.