The competency of municipal police related to road safety This thesis deals with the competency of municipal police focused only on the issue of road safety surveillance. The main purpose of the study is to present basic orientation in particular authorizations to represent public law when enforcing road safety regulations. The study is composed of three main chapters devided in relevant subchapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the administrative law. The first chapter briefly describes the origins of enacting the municipal police as a municipal body, pointing out the past difficulties, followed by the summary of the law regulation establishing the municipal police and controlling its activities by the municipal self-government. It also defines the municipal police as a part of the administrative law. In the main second chapter the single competencies are described, divided into subchapters by its source according to the Municipal police Act and the Road traffic Act. The permition to control speeding and testing the drunk drivers are most widely described, followed by the issue of towing vehicles. The history of each competency is recognized and then the study brings basic description, aims on the practical issues and tries to find legal solutions using the Czech case law. The...

The main aim of the thesis "The preparedness and the role of the Municipal Police Prague during the announcement of some crisis states" was to determine the role and the actual preparedness of the organization to deploy its officers in the areas where the state of danger or emergency has been announced, with focus on the provision of Prague's officers to another municipality. Introductory section acquaints the readers with the Municipal Police Act development and the historical development of the organization - from its formation to the present form. It also contains an overview of the duties and powers which officers have - particularly with focus on its use in crisis situations outside the establishing municipality. Results of the survey in the middle and top management of the organization are graphically and statistically processed and evaluated in the next part of the thesis. Then there are results of interviews, particularly with managers of specialized organization's departments, followed by analysis of the Municipal Police Act and related legislation. Preparedness of the Municipal Police Prague has been assessed based on a questionnaire survey, interviews and own collected data, as well as analysis of internal documents of the organization. The results of the performed investigations revealed that the preparedness from the perspective of organizational, personnel, material as well as technical view is at high level - in the Czech Republic, and between municipal police forces, completely unprecedented. The role of the organization has been then assessed by analysing the Municipal Police Act, primarily focusing on cases of provisioning of Prague's officers to other municipality in case of an emergency situation announcement. It has been found that while the Municipal Police Act allows to use officers in crisis situations also outside the establishing municipality, it paradoxically does not allow using all the powers which officers have under normal conditions, respectively it doesn't allow to complete certain acts and interventions. The only solution in this case is the amendment to the Municipal Police Act. The role of the Municipal Police Prague is clearly defined within the capital city and is completely irreplaceable and undeniable, and in the case of provision of Prague's officers to another municipality, despite the above mentioned legislative deficiencies, significant. A comprehensive document has been prepared for the mayors of municipalities in the Czech Republic, based on which the decision upon the utilisation of Prague's officers in a given situation can be made.

The work deals with the issue of homelessness. It maps the root causes which affects people who find themselves in a situation where they lose their home, their family. It describes aspects that make life difficult for homeless people and what mechanisms they use to deal with them. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the issue of homelessness in historical view, causes and prevention. Brings an overview of organizations that helps and possible alternative ways to help. It maps the share of the Municipal Police in Pilsen, specifically the Territorial Guard Service Station, which was directly established to monitor and control socially excluded persons in the city. The practical part deals with the views of homeless people on their current situations, their visions of the future and concrete options of dealing with difficult situations. Research that mostly focuse on quality with quantitative elements was realized on the basis of guided interviews and non- participatory observation, connected with the stay in the terrain.

Detta är en uppsats som ämnar undersöka vilka arbetssätt och metoder som används av polisen i olika kommuner i Skåne för att förebygga brott mot äldre. Studien ämnar även att undersöka hur polisen arbetar med att sprida brottsförebyggande information till äldre. För att få svar på frågeställningarna används datainsamlingsmetoden enkät - online, som besvarats av kommunpoliser i Skåne. Resultatet visar på att Malmö-, Simrishamn-, Svedala-, Vellinge-, Lomma-, Svalöv-, och Skurup kommun är de som besvarat att deras främsta sätt att sprida information till äldre är genom föreläsningar, kampanjer samt informationsmöten. Svedala-, Sjöbo-, och Trelleborg kommun arbetar med att sprida kunskap och information till äldre genom vården med hjälp av samordnare eller chefer. Utöver dessa arbetssätt har Kävlinge-, Skurup-, Svalöv- och Svedala kommunsamarbeten med pensionärsorganisationer och tar hjälp av dem med att sprida information. Resultatet av vår enkätundersökning visar även på att mer än 50% av respondenterna inte känner till projektet ”Försök inte lura mig”. De kommuner som arbetar efter projektet är Landskrona, Sjöbo, Eslöv och Malmö. / is is an essay which intends to examine the methods and techniques used by the police in various municipalities in Skåne to prevent crimes against the elderly. The study also aims to investigate how the police work to spread crime prevention information to the elderly. To answer the questions, the data collection method that was used is online survey, answered by municipal police in Skåne. The result shows that Malmö-, Simrishamn-, Svedala-, Vellinge-, Lomma-, Svalöv and Skurup municipalities answer the question that their primary means of disseminating information to the elderly is through lectures, campaigns and information meetings. Svedala, Sjöbo, and Trelleborg municipality works to spread knowledge and information to the elderly through care using co-ordinators or managers. In addition to these practices, Kävlinge-, Skurup-, Svalöv- and Svedala municipalities work with retirement organizations and assist them in disseminating information. The result of our survey also shows that more than 50% of respondents do not know the project "Do not try to fool me". The municipalities that work after the project are Landskrona, Sjöbo, Eslöv and Malmö.

La cultura organizacional es un fenómeno multidimensional que desempeña un papel importante tanto en las organizaciones públicas como privadas, ya que explica “cómo se hacen las cosas” en el entorno de cada organización, mientras que sus variaciones afectan a casi todo en el funcionamiento de las organizaciones. Las organizaciones tienen que hacer frente a transformaciones externas e internas, y en este proceso pueden producirse todo tipo de cambios, ya que los directivos y los empleados dejan atrás una situación anterior para pasar a una situación nueva que teóricamente se considera mejor o más beneficiosa. Un cambio no siempre tiene el mismo sentido para los miembros de la organización, ya que la percepción del cambio puede variar entre los distintos integrantes de la misma. En este sentido, cada cambio puede desencadenar un sinfín de expectativas negativas o positivas, relacionadas con la percepción de los miembros de la organización sobre los beneficios, las amenazas, las pérdidas, las transferencias de poder y las ganancias que se producirán. Además, la percepción del cambio por parte de cada empleado genera toda una serie de sentimientos, pensamientos e intenciones de comportamiento frente al cambio, en función del estrés del empleado provocado por el propio cambio. La reacción afectiva, cognitiva y conductual del personal ante los futuros cambios impuestos guarda relación con los precedentes y con la cultura organizativa imperante. En nuestro estudio, se investigan estos aspectos pero circunscritos al caso de un servicio del sector público. Investigamos cómo la percepción del cambio por parte de los empleados afecta a su estrés, así como el papel mediador de su cultura en la relación cambio-estrés. Más específicamente, esta investigación gira en torno al personal uniformado de la Administración del Gobierno Local, en concreto de la agencia de la Policía Municipal. Nuestros hallazgos muestran la existencia de repercusiones en el estrés de los empleados tras un cambio radical, excesivo y masivo en el statu quo de su servicio. La mezcla prominente de culturas del personal influye en la forma en que el cambio afecta al estrés del personal uniformado. La cultura burocrática-empresarial actúa como un factor directo e indirecto que reduce el estrés de los empleados, mientras que la cultura autoritaria-tecnocrática coexistente aumenta el nivel de estrés. También se examinan otros componentes de la cultura organizacional, como la moral de los empleados, el compromiso y la satisfacción en el trabajo, otros elementos que tienen una importante relación con la adaptación de los empleados a la organización como el rendimiento, el cumplimiento de los objetivos organizacionales y la eficacia, así como la relación de éstos con la cultura. Se ha comprobado que la moral y el compromiso de los empleados parecen verse afectados positivamente por tipos de cultura como la burocrática-empresarial y la autocrática-empresarial, pero que disminuyen con las culturas autoritaria-tecnocrática y burocrática-autocrática, o que no están relacionados en lo que respecta al compromiso con el último tipo de cultura. Además, se confirman las relaciones positivas de la moral con el compromiso y la satisfacción laboral. No se ha encontrado un papel mediador directo, sino sólo indirecto, de la moral en la relación entre la satisfacción laboral de los empleados y el compromiso de los mismos, al mismo tiempo que existe una mediación indirecta de la moral de los empleados en el modo en que la cultura burocrática-empresarial tiene un efecto positivo en el compromiso de los empleados y también la mediación indirecta de la moral en la influencia negativa de la cultura autoritaria-tecnocrática en el compromiso de los empleados.

La Corée qui a ouvert l'ère de la démocratisation en 1987 s'avance vers la démocratie dans la vie quotidienne après la mise en vigueur du système d'autonomie locale en 1995. Dans une tendance générale et irrévocable de décentralisation et d'accroissement de l'autonomie, la décentralisation dans le domaine de la police faisait l'objet d'une discussion en tant que moyen de l'achèvement du système d'autonomie locale. Ce problème de réforme n'ayant aboutit à l'exercice limitée d'une police décentralisée que dans la seule province de Jéju exige un nouvel examen. Pour ce faire, il nous faut regarder avec attention vers un régime juridique qui est plus aisé à recevoir en droit coréen : le régime français. En effet, la France est un État traditionnellement unitaire et centralisé qui poursuit un processus de décentralisation en profondeur, incluant la police. Il en y résulte que le service de police décentralisée s'établit au niveau communal sous la direction du maire et sous le contrôle du comité de police locale au niveau provincial. La police autonome décentralisée dispose des attributions générales et se charge des affaires de police judiciaire spéciale. La police nationale assume la sécurité dans les communes n'ayant pas de service propre de police ainsi que la coordination et le contrôle pour les polices municipales. En plus, le rattachement de la Police nationale et du Comité de Police nationale doit être changé du Ministre de l'Administration Publique et de la Sécurité au Premier ministre / Korea, which opened the era of democratization in 1987 moves towards democracy in daily life after the implementation of the system of local autonomy in 1995. In a general trend of decentralization and irrevocable and increased autonomy, decentralization in the field of police was under discussion as a means of completing the system of local autonomy. This issue of reform have led to the limited exercise of a decentralized police in Jeju province alone requires a further consideration. To do this, we need to look carefully into a legal system that is easier to receive in Korean law: the French regime. Indeed, France is a traditionally unitary and centralized state which pursues a decentralization process in depth, including the police. It results that the police be decentralized at the municipal level under the leadership of Mayor and under the control of local police committee at provincial level. The autonomous decentralized police has the general duties and is responsible for special police affairs. The National Police assume security in the municipalities that do not have own police service and the coordination and control for municipal police. In addition, the incorporation of the National Police and National Police Board should be changed from the Minister of Public Administration and Security to the Prime Minister. Control over the municipal police would be accomplished administratively by the local police, by national administrative authorities and the national police authorities, or judicially against individual administrative acts

This thesis analyzes the current settings of occupational health and safety process regarding officers of the Municipal Police of Prague (MPP). The theoretical part provides situational analysis of conditions in which MPP operates. There are also defined key risks for personal safety of municipal policemen, identified methodology for risk management and quality control. The practical part describes and analyzes the process of occupational health and safety at MPP. The result of this work is evaluation of the current process effectiveness and proposal of possible scenarios of further improvement.

Maintaining order in the community may be considered one of the fundamental obligations of the contemporary state. It requires the policing of society in accordance with the law and therefore entails one of the most comprehensive manifestations of state power. It is aimed at protecting the state and the community against crime so that the individual member of society is not burdened with self-protection. It is, however, essential that the state engages in legitimate powers and force in order to provide stability within the community it polices. The traditional approach to policing requires that a state authority be appointed to maintain order in the community, to apply and enforce the law and to utilise legitimate procedures to protect the community. However, through the ages it became synonymous with oppressive and politically driven state authority. This created a wedge between the state and society and resulted in a crisis in police legitimacy. Before 1994 South Africa‘s policing system was based on the national security of the state that ensured absolute state authority through oppressive political practices. The democratisation process deviated from this approach by striving for the limitation of state power and the protection of the individual by means of fundamental rights. This democratisation process also had an impact on the policing system, which was required to transform accordingly, in order to reflect the democratic state, as well as the constitutional values, fundamental rights and legitimate state authority. The South African police therefore had to transform on both a structural and material level, but seems to have done so without the juridical basis. This re-established a crisis in legitimacy which caused society to view the police as an oppressive, corrupt and hostile state authority. It created a feeling of contempt and distrust in the police and undermined the police‘s role in society. To counter this lack in legitimacy the community reverted to a form of self-protection and took the law into their own hands, which resulted in the undermining of public order and the law in general. This study investigates the juridical foundation of the contemporary policing system in South Africa. It studies the structural and material composition of South African policing and whether it can really be considered a constitutional policing system. It endeavours to provide juridical answers to the current concerns in the legitimacy of policing, in order to harmonise the traditional policing approach with that of the constitutional era. / PhD (Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Maintaining order in the community may be considered one of the fundamental obligations of the contemporary state. It requires the policing of society in accordance with the law and therefore entails one of the most comprehensive manifestations of state power. It is aimed at protecting the state and the community against crime so that the individual member of society is not burdened with self-protection. It is, however, essential that the state engages in legitimate powers and force in order to provide stability within the community it polices. The traditional approach to policing requires that a state authority be appointed to maintain order in the community, to apply and enforce the law and to utilise legitimate procedures to protect the community. However, through the ages it became synonymous with oppressive and politically driven state authority. This created a wedge between the state and society and resulted in a crisis in police legitimacy. Before 1994 South Africa‘s policing system was based on the national security of the state that ensured absolute state authority through oppressive political practices. The democratisation process deviated from this approach by striving for the limitation of state power and the protection of the individual by means of fundamental rights. This democratisation process also had an impact on the policing system, which was required to transform accordingly, in order to reflect the democratic state, as well as the constitutional values, fundamental rights and legitimate state authority. The South African police therefore had to transform on both a structural and material level, but seems to have done so without the juridical basis. This re-established a crisis in legitimacy which caused society to view the police as an oppressive, corrupt and hostile state authority. It created a feeling of contempt and distrust in the police and undermined the police‘s role in society. To counter this lack in legitimacy the community reverted to a form of self-protection and took the law into their own hands, which resulted in the undermining of public order and the law in general. This study investigates the juridical foundation of the contemporary policing system in South Africa. It studies the structural and material composition of South African policing and whether it can really be considered a constitutional policing system. It endeavours to provide juridical answers to the current concerns in the legitimacy of policing, in order to harmonise the traditional policing approach with that of the constitutional era. / PhD (Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Justice of the First Czechoslowak Republic follows on from the justice of Austor-Hungarian Empire. The theoretical part of the presented thesis illustrates how the criminal law has changed and what the system of a judiciary organization was. The second part of the thesis, based on the research of archival sources, focuses on district court and cases which falling within their jurisdiction on the example of the town Lišov in South Bohemia in the years 1918-1939. Attention is payed on a local municipal police, as well as the persons of judges and notaries.